Extreme heat is becoming increasingly common across the globe. It is an     1     (extreme)dangerous weather condition where the temperatures are much hotter than average. It’s clear that how hot future summers will get depends on     2     humans do to stop climate change.Governments appeal to people to reduce greenhouse     3     (gas)—like methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) -in the atmosphere. Also, they will set up public cooling stations     4    (protect) people at risk.

Instruments are a necessary part of making music, but what music sounds like will also depend upon     1     (it) style and rhythm. Music is often divided     2     two main groups: classical and popular. These names can mean different things to different people, and their meanings can change over time.

Popular music is what many people play or listen to for fun. It could be folk, country, pop and rock, or jazz. Often the music style     3     (change) with each new generation of musicians. All over the world there are     4     (talent) musicians who perform this style of music     5     (earn) a living or just for fun. A band of musicians usually play a certain style of music that they like,     6     (create) a sound that is special to them.

Classical music is     7     (most) used to describe more formal music, often performed in front of a seated silent audience. Most of this music     8     (write) a long time ago. Classical music is often played by an orchestra (管弦乐队) in     9     musicians play either woodwind, brass, or string instruments.

There are many famous orchestras throughout     10     world, with many countries having their own special ones.

Junk Food! Bad For Wallet!

A new study confirms what you may already know: Few things can stop us from hunting down the foods we really like.

The study     1     (publish) on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that people are willing to overpay when they are longing for junk food.

In one experiment, 44 non-dieters who     2     (not eat) for four hours were asked how much they wanted 15 different snack foods, and how much they would pay for each item out of a $5 plan. Next, each person went through a multi-sensory experience which was aimed     3     (stimulate) desire for one of three desirable foods: a Snickers bar, Cheetos or a Coke. They were then asked how much they wanted that particular item, and how much they would pay for     4    .

Not only did desire increase, but the researchers also found that participants were willing to pay       5     average of $0.66 more for whatever they wanted. When they can choose from less similar (and thus, healthier) items, such as cereal, they were not willing to pay as much,     6     suggests desire for food is different from general hunger.

In a second experiment, the researchers repeated the process with 45 people. This time, however, individuals     7     choose to pay for one, two, three, five or eight “units” of whatever they wanted. The researchers found people were also willing to pay disproportionately (不成比例) more for     8     (large) quantities of whatever food they desired.

“    9     people try to eat healthier or promote drug-free lifestyles,” the researchers write in the paper, “desire could overshadow (使逊色) the value of health by boosting the values of unhealthy foods and drugs.”

On the bright side, however, the researchers estimated the effects     10     subjects’ desire would disappear within two hours, and probably less time if this good is not available, or when a person is self-regulated.