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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:64 题号:9228483

Essentially, everyone has two ages. a chronological(按时间计算的)age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.

“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan. We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”

To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarker(生物标志) that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune(免疫的) measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm(算式;算法)does the rest.

Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.”

Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.

Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic(慢性的)diseases,”

Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”

1. By saying “we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one” in Para. 2, the author means     .
A.we don’t have to celebrate our birthday every year
B.we are chronologically older than last year
C.we might be less happy than the previous year
D.we may be biologically younger than the year before
2. According to Prof. Levine, what is the most exciting thing about her research?
A.The measures are not fixed.
B.Health services can be set up.
C.The problems are not that serious.
D.The research results are written in stone.
3. What does the author want to tell us by Levine’s example in Para. 5?
A.It is necessary to change our diet regularly.
B.The test results may give us wrong information.
C.Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness.
D.The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems.
4. The ultimate goal of Levine’s research is to     .
A.free people from chronic diseases
B.work out a solution to genetic problems
C.keep people socially active even in old age
D.provide people with access to scientific theory

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐1】All of us face a variety of risks to our health in our daily life. Driving cars and being exposed to environmental pollutants all pose certain degrees of risk. Some risks would restrict our ability to lead a good life. And some are risks we might decide to avoid if we had the opportunity to make informed choices. Indoor air pollution is one risk that you can do something about.

Scientific evidence has indicated that the air within homes can be more seriously polluted than the outdoor air in even the most industrialized cities. Other research indicates that people spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors. Thus, for many people, the risks to health may be greater due to exposure to air pollution indoors than outdoors.

In addition, people exposed to indoor air pollutants for the longest periods of time are often those most susceptible to the effects of indoor air pollution. Such groups include kids, the elderly and the chronically ill, especially those suffering from respiratory disease.

While pollutant levels from individual sources may not pose a significant health risk by themselves, most homes have more than one source that contributes to indoor air pollution. There can be a serious risk from the cumulative effects of these sources. Fortunately, there are steps that most people can take both to reduce the risk from existing sources and to prevent new problems from occurring. This brochure was prepared by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to help you decide whether to take action that can reduce the level of indoor air pollution in your own home.

Because so many Americans spend a lot of time in offices with mechanical heating and cooling systems, there is also a short section on the causes of poor air quality in offices and what you can do if you suspect that your office may have a problem.

1. Who will be exposed to indoor air pollution more often according to the text?
A.A driver.B.A housewife.C.A farmer.D.A cyclist.
2. What does the underlined word “susceptible” in paragraph 3 mean?
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A.Lead a healthier and richer life.B.Throw individual things away.
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A.To show Americans’ unhealthy lifestyle.
B.To stress the negative influence of pollution.
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2021-10-11更新 | 74次组卷
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【推荐2】You feel especially smart and funny when talking to a particular person, only to feel hopelessly unintelligent and tongue-tied in the presence of another.

Experiments show when people report feeling comfortable with a conversational partner, they are judged by those partners and by observers as actually being more witty (机智的)。

It's just one example of the powerful influence that social factors can have on intelligence. As parents, teachers and students settle into the school year, this work should encourage us to think about intelligence not as a “lump of something that's in our heads,” as the psychologist Joshua Aronson puts it, but as “a transaction among people.”

Mr. Aronson, an associate professor at New York University, has been a leader in investigating the effects of social forces on academic achievement. Along with the psychologist Claude Steele, he identified the phenomenon known as “stereotype (刻板印象) threat.” Members of groups believed not to be academically good score much lower on tests when reminded in advance of their race or gender.

The pair's experiments in the 1990s concluded that the performance of these students suffered because they were worried about confirming negative stereotypes about their group.

Minorities aren't the only ones easily hurt by stereotype threat. We all are. A group of people especially confident about their mathematical abilities did worse on a math test when told that the experiment was intended to investigate “why Asians appear to perform better than other students on tests of math ability.”

And in a study published earlier this year in the journal Learning and Individual Differences, high school students did worse on a test of spatial (空间的) skills when told that males are better at solving spatial problems because of genetic differences between males and females. The girls were anxious about confirming assumptions about their gender, while the boys were anxious about living up to them.

The evolving literature on stereotype threat shows that performance is always social in nature. Even alone in an exam room, we hear a chorus of voices assessing, evaluating, passing judgment. And as social creatures, humans are strongly affected by what these voices say.

1. What does the underlined word “transaction” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Spatial reasoning skills.B.The ability to remember information.
C.Interaction between us and the environment.D.Passing on knowledge from teachers to students.
2. After being told males typically perform better than females in math, males are most likely to perform      .
A.better than femalesB.the same as females
C.worse than usualD.worse than females
3. Which of the following “voices” in our head may influence performance on an exam?
A.“I am as prepared as I can be.”
B.“I am supposed to do well on this.”
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D.“I am solving the problems faster than the one sitting in front of me.”
4. How do stereotypes threaten our academic achievement?
A.Making us unintelligent.B.Reminding us of our weaknesses.
C.Limiting our spatial reasoning skills.D.Raising our anxiety level.
2020-07-10更新 | 38次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中 (0.65)
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