It seems that the Englishmen just cannot live without sports of some kind. A famous French humorist once said that this is because the English insist on behaving like children all their lives. Wherever you go in this country, you will see both children and grown-ups knocking a ball about with a stick or something, as if in Britain men shall always remain boys and women girls! Still, it can never be bad to get exercise, can it?
Taking all amateur(业余)and professional sports in Britain into consideration, there can be no doubt that football is at the top of the list. It is called soccer in the United States. The game originated(起源于)in Britain and was played in the Middle Ages or even earlier, though as an organized game, or “association football”, it dates only from the beginning of the 19th century.
The next is rugby, which is called “football” in the United States. It is a kind of football played by two teams of fifteen players than eleven. In rugby, an oval-shaped ball is used which can be handled as well as kicked. It is a pretty rough game.
In summer, cricket is the most popular sport. In fact, it has sometimes been called the English national game. Most foreigners find the game rather slow or even boring, but it enjoys great popularity among the British.
Tennis rates high on the list, too. It was introduced into England from France in the 15th century, but it was from England that it spread to practically every country in the world.
Table tennis, or “ping-pong”, surely is not played on a great scale as it is in China or Japan. Basketball and volleyball were introduced into Britain during the late 19th century from America and are gaining popularity. Horse-back riding, swimming, rowing and golf all attract a lot of people.
1. The main purpose of Paragraph l is to tell us that the English__________.| A．are all sports lovers | B．behave like children |
| C．like to kick a ball around | D．can remain young all their lives |
| A．They differ in the shape of the ball. | B．They are played by different numbers of players. |
| C．They both can be handled. | D．They both can be kicked. |
| A．basketball | B．tennis | C．rugby | D．football |
| A．The Most Popular Sports | B．The English Sports |
| C．History of Sports | D．Sports in Britain |
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【推荐1】When it comes to being fit and healthy, we’re often reminded to aim to walk 10,000 steps every day. This can make many unhappy because it is a task difficult to achieve, especially when we’re busy with work and other businesses — and yet where did this number actually come from?
The 10,000 steps a day target sens to have come about from a trade name pedometer (计步器) sold in 1965 by Yamasa Clock in Japan. The device was called “Manpo-kei”, which translates to “10,000 steps meter”. This was a marketing tool for the device and has seemed to have stuck across the world as the daily step target. It’s even included in daily activity targets by popular smart watches,such as Fitbit.
Research has since investigated the 10,000 steps a day target. But while some research has shown health benefits at 10,000 steps, recent research from Harvard Medical School has shown that,on average, around 4,400 steps a day is enough to clearly lower the risk of death in women. This was when compared to only walking around 2,700 steps daily. The more steps people walked, the lower their risk of dying was, before leveling off at around 7,500 steps a day. No additional benefits were seen with more steps. Although it’s uncertain whether similar results would be seen in men, it’s one example of how moving a little bit more daily can improve health and lower risk of death.
Recent research at the University of Texas has also shown that if you’re walking fewer than 5,000 steps a day, your body is less able to metabolize (新陈代谢) fat the following day. A buildup of fat in the body can also increase a person’s likelihood of developing heart disease and diabetes. This is further supported by earlier research which showed people who walked less than 4,000 steps a day could not change this decreased fat metabolism.
If you want to increase how many steps you get daily, or simply want to move more, one easy way includes walking to work if possible, or taking part of an online exercise program if you’re working from home. Meeting with friends for a walk — rather than in a cafe or pub — can also be useful.
1. What does the author think of the 10,000 steps every day?| A．It is hard to achieve for many people. |
| B．It is likely to go out of style quickly. |
| C．It is obviously good for women only. |
| D．It is helpful to slow fat metabolism. |
| A．It matters as much as 7,500 steps a day. |
| B．The more steps, the lower risk of death. |
| C．A bit more than the target can improve health. |
| D．About half that target appears to be enough. |
| A．Absence of earlier research. |
| B．Recent findings of fat buildup. |
| C．Problems of less daily walking. |
| D．Possible causes of physical challenges. |
| A．Working at home. | B．Treating friends in a cafe or pub. |
| C．Driving to work. | D．Signing up for online exercise programs. |
【推荐2】If you're out for a run, what difference does it make if you're able to tough it out for another 50 seconds? If you're less than a minute from the top of the hill, that extra time can make the difference between having reached your goal and snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.
How do you get those extra seconds of energy? A research team at the Texes Tech University developed a study to measure what effect listening to music would have on exercise tolerance. The researchers based the study on a stress testing. As part of the testing, they noted any changes in heart rate and blood pressure as participants underwent physically stressful exercise.
The tests were done on treadmills (跑步机), which increased in both speed and incline (坡度) through three stages. In the final stage, the treadmills moved at 10 miles per hour at a 14-percent grade. Most of these tests were designed to last up to 40 minutes. The average gym-goers lasted 30 minutes. For this study, they divided 127 participants into two groups. One listened to upbeat(快节奏) music, while the other group had earbuds in but did not listen to music.
The group that listened to music was able to outlast the non-music group by an average of 50.6 seconds. Again, being able to go an extra minute may seem like a no-brainer ,but “after 30 minutes, you feel like you are running up a mountain, so even being able to go 50 seconds longer means a lot," said the study's lead author, Waseem Shami, MD.
The study has confirmed something runners and gym-goers have suspected for years: Listening to music during workout can be beneficial to your endurance. "Our findings reinforce the idea that upbeat music can help you exercise longer and stick with a daily exercise routine," said Shami. When doctors are recommending exercise, they might suggest listening to music, too."
1. Why did Shami’s team conduct the research?| A．To test the effect of music on health. | B．To know the cause of failure in sports. |
| C．To improve runners' exercise tolerance. | D．To record the body change of participants |
| A．They ran much faster than average runners. | B．They created a new record of indoor sports. |
| C．They could run a little longer with music on. | D．They all enjoyed extreme physical challenge |
| A．A dull activity. | B．A foolish action. |
| C．A demanding task. | D．An easy practice |
| A．Developing a daily exercise routine. | B．Listening to music while working out |
| C．Participating in physical stress testing. | D．Taking exercise as doctors recommend. |
To catch fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport. Besides, there are more uses for skin - diving. You can clean ships without taking them out of water. You can get many things from the deep sea.
Now you see that skin -diving is both useful and interesting.
1. Skin- diving is a new sport. It can take you to________.
| A．the moon | B．a new world of land |
| C．the mountains | D．deep water |
| A．there is plenty of light |
| B．there is no light at all |
| C．you can find a lot of blue fish |
| D．everything looks blue and green |
| A．you are very heavy |
| B．you are as heavy as on the land |
| C．you are not as heavy as on the land |
| D．you have no weight at all |
| A．catch fish very easily |
| B．stay under water for a long time |
| C．climb big rocks |
| D．have more fun |
【推荐1】There is such a group of singers in the western musical circle at present, who enter the business as online celebrities(名人)and then become top idols and giant stars globally.They become popular for their videos online and then they are discovered by talent agents and gradually cause huge storms in the musical circle.For example, Troye Sivan, a singer who is nicknamed “chuoye”, became popular on You tube from an early age.
As a popular video sharing website, You Tube has given rise to plenty of stars, creating a new celebrity culture.Providing a platform where anyone can post videos, You tube presents the opportunity for anyone to achieve fame by simply uploading a short video.Sivan has been making you tube videos since he was 12 to show his singing talent.In the digital age, Sivan has already developed large devoted audience online and his sensitive video blogs have earned him extreme popularity.
A.survey has showed that US teenagers are more attracted with You Tube stars, which is a surprising result.You Tube stars are judged to be more attractive, outstanding and related than traditional stars.Looking at the survey comments and feedback, teens enjoy a close and real experience with You Tube celebrities, who aren't carefully directed by design.Teens also say they appreciate YouTube stars sense of humor and risk-taking spirit, which are often limited by Hollywood stars.As a result, singers who make their first show in the traditional way no longer have a complete advantage in front of the audience.Online platforms open up a lot of doors for people.They become the best place to be discovered.
1. How do online celebrities become popular?| A．By acting in Hollywood. |
| B．By writing blogs on the website. |
| C．By posting their videos online and gain recognition. |
| D．By meeting audience across the country. |
| A．To give an example of becoming successful by working hard. |
| B．To give an example of becoming a well-known singer with the help of the website. |
| C．To give an example of holding a successful concert. |
| D．To give an example of sticking to great determination. |
| A．They never give performances online. |
| B．They are more outstanding than YouTube stars. |
| C．They write less sensitive video blogs than YouTube stars. |
| D．They are less humorous and risk-taking than YouTube stars. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. |
| C．Uncaring. | D．Doubtful. |
【推荐2】During the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo, there was a lot of talk about the environmental efforts taken. Athletes slept on beds made from recycled cardboard. The medals were produced out of old appliances such as smartphones and laptops. Over 90% of Japanese cities, towns and villages participated in the two-year effort to collect recycled materials to produce 5000 medals. Eighty tons of small electrical devices were collected to make this project successful.
With the 2024 Olympics Games underway in Paris, new environmental efforts are coming into play. Observers will sit on chairs made of plastic recycled from local bins. This decision was made due to a lack of unused raw materials to make new seats, so the eco-construction firm Le Pave turned to make the seats out of waste. Around 11,000 seats will be made from recycled materials.
The plastic collection for Paris 2024 has been carried out in the region’s schools, and over five million coloured bottle caps have been recovered Moreover, 80% of the 100 tons of recycled plastic needed to make the seats come from the yellow bins collections. This is all part of the Paris 2024 “zero waste” strategy to limit single-use plastic usage and encourage a circular economy.
The Olympic Games organizers are planning to make the Paris 2024 Games the greenest Olympic Games yet. They seek to apply a carbon-neutral approach that will lessen the climate impact of the Games by predicting, avoiding, reducing and balancing emissions (排放) and encouraging others to get involved. The Summer Games have released 3.6 million tons of carbon emissions in previous years. The Paris 2024 Games has set a carbon budget of 1.5 million tons which includes the emissions from construction, transportation and operations of the Games.
These plans are ambitious but are achievable. If Paris 2024 successfully reduces emissions and promotes a circular economy, it might set the standard for future Olympic and Paralympic Games, despite where they are held.
1. What were the 2020 Olympics medals made from?| A．Raw metal. | B．Reused plastic. |
| C．Used electronic devices. | D．Recycled cardboard. |
| A．To stop carbon emissions. |
| B．To make seats for athletes. |
| C．To restrict single-use plastic usage. |
| D．To collect coloured bottle caps. |
| A．Decrease of carbon emissions. |
| B．Limitation to single-use plastics. |
| C．Promotion of recycling in school. |
| D．Encouragement of a circular economy. |
| A．Uncaring. | B．Negative. | C．Unclear. | D．Favorable. |
【推荐3】This Monday, the nation will start to celebrate Presidents’ Day, just seven days before George Washington’s birthday. Everyone agrees that day is a holiday, but is it just to celebrate George Washington’s birthday? What about Abraham Lincoln? Some government offices call it Presidents’ Day. Others say the holiday is officially Washington’s birthday. Confused yet?
George Washington was elected the country’s first President on April 30, 1789. Soon after, Americans began publicly celebrating his birthday. Presidential historians say the actual date of George Washington’s birth is February 11, 1732. But a change in the calendar system 20 years later shifted all dates, making Washington’s birthday February 22, which is now well accepted. In 1879, Congress made Washington’s birthday an official federal holiday. It was the first federal holiday to celebrate an individual’s birthday. In 1968, Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved the holiday to the third Monday in February. The new law didn’t change the holiday’s name. It was still called Washington’s Birthday, even though some lawmakers wanted to call it Presidents’ Day to include Abraham Lincoln, whose actual birthday is February 12.
Many people argue that the holiday should celebrate all past Presidents. They feel Lincoln should be honoured for his role in preserving the nation during the Civil War and helping to free slaves. Others feel the holiday should only honour Washington, the country’s first President. They say shifting the focus away from Washington would mean future generations of kids wouldn’t know about the Father of Our Country.
Laws have been introduced in Congress over the years to require use of the term “George Washington’s Birthday”. But none of those laws have been passed. Meanwhile, many state governments and school districts now use the term “Presidents’ Day”. Many stores also use it to promote holiday sales.
Should the holiday honour Washington, Washington and Lincoln, or all past Presidents? Write to tell us what you think.
1. Presidents’ Day was originally designed to honour _______.| A．all Presidents | B．Abraham Lincoln |
| C．George Washington | D．Washington and Lincoln |
| A．Washington’s birthday is the same as Lincoln’s. |
| B．The change in the calendar system was not wise. |
| C．“This Monday” in paragraph 1 is the third one of this February. |
| D．The new act changed the holiday’s name. |
| A．Where to celebrate the holiday. |
| B．When to celebrate the holiday. |
| C．How to celebrate the holiday. |
| D．Which President(s) to honour. |
| A．To Celebrate Presidents’ Day or Not |
| B．Why People Celebrate Presidents’ Day |
| C．Colourful Activities on Presidents’ Day |
| D．The History and Debate Behind Presidents’ Day |
【推荐1】All living organisms are uniquely adapted to the environment in which they live. Scientists are studying the design and the biological processes of these organisms to get ideas for products and technologies. This field of study is called biomimetics. Here are two examples.
Toucan Bills and Car Safety
Toucan usually has enormous bills. Scientists have found that the toucan's beak is designed to be both strong and light. The surface is made of keratin, the same material in human fingernails and hair. But the inside of the bill has a foam-like structure and is made up of a network of light, thin pieces of bone. It contains a lot of air, and some areas are hollow, not solid. This design makes the bill hard but very light.
The design of the toucan bill can be used to make cars and planes safer. Studies show that the beak's structure can absorb high energy impacts very well. Car body panels that mimic toucan bills may offer better protection to motorists involved in crashes.
Shark Scales and Swimsuits
Shark skin may look smooth, but it's actually rough. Sharks are covered in scales made from the same material as their teeth. Viewed up close, the scales actually look like tiny teeth. These scales protect the shark and help to keep it clean. They are also flexible and can turn or bend in the water. This movement reduces the waters drag on the shark and helps it to swim quickly.
Scientists discovered that the shortfin mako's scales vary in size and flexibility over its body. For instance the scales on the sides of the body are tapered — wide at one end and narrow at the other. They can turn up or flatten to adjust to the flow of water around the shark and to reduce drag.
Scientists believe that shark scales can inspire designs for machines that experience drag, such as airplanes. Designers are also getting ideas from shark scales for designing swimwear and coating ship bottoms.
1. Why do car body panels copy the design of toucan bill?| A．To better protect passers-by. | B．To reduce the injury to drivers. |
| C．To decrease the chances of crashes. | D．To make cars lighter and easier to control. |
| A．Coating for ship bottoms to run faster. | B．Coating for airplanes to experience drag. |
| C．The panel that makes the plane safer. | D．Swimwear that is smooth to keep itself clean. |
| A．To present two innovative products. | B．To introduce biomimetics by example. |
| C．To show the unique adaptations of animals. | D．To discuss the link between humans and animals. |
【推荐2】When you go to St. Petersburg, the number of attractions can seem large. If you are short of time, or just want to make sure to hit the highlights, these are the top must-see sights in St, Petersburg.
● The Hermitage Museum
The Hermitage Museum is one of the most important sights to see for any visitor to St. Petersburg. There are lots of different paintings by the old masters in the Hermitage. Prepare to come face-to-face with classic Western artists.
● Kizhi Island
Kizhi Island is an open-air museum of wooden architecture from the Karelia Region of Russia. These impressive structures are made entirely without nails - the wood fits together with joints and grooves (沟槽）.
● Peterhof
Peterhof is as beautiful as it is fun. You’ll be charged for admission, but go to Petethof when the fountains are working-during the day in the summer. They are shut off in winter evenings,
● The Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood
Love it or hale it, the Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood in St. Petersburg is an enthralling must-see sight. The beautiful look may make y our eyes brighten, and the painting inside the church will make you say “Wow!”
● The Bronze Horseman Statue
The so-called Bronze Horseman is a part of Russian culture and a symbol of St, Petersburg. Made famous by Alexander Pushkin, this statue of Peter the Great sitting on his horse can truly show Peter the Great’s influence on the Russian idea of greatness.
1. If you are interested in paintings, you'd better go to ______| A．Peterhof arid Kizhi Island |
| B．the Hernatage Museum and Peterhof |
| C．Kizhi Island and the Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood |
| D．the hermitage Museum and the Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood |
| A．visitors can visit Peterhof for free |
| B．the buildings of Kizhi Island are made of wood |
| C．the fountains in Peterhof can be seen all year round |
| D．the largest collection of Russian arts is in the Hermitage Museum |
| A．show the wonderful history of Russia |
| B．persuade artists to study St. Petersburg |
| C．recommend the famous buildings in Russia |
| D．introduce the must-see sights in St. Petersburg |
【推荐3】Airport security is there to protect you, but it may also give you a cold -or worse .
To all the places and surfaces we’ve been warned are covered with germs－the subway seat, airplane cabins, the ATM－add the airport security trays(托盘). The plastic security trays －used at airport checkpoints around the globe and touched by millions of passengers as they drop shoes, smartphones, baggage and other items into them to clear X-ray scanners－have been found to have a variety of germs in them, including the ones responsible for the common cold, according to researchers in Europe.
Scientists from the University of Nottingham in England examined frequently touched surfaces at Helsinki Airport in Finland during and after peak hours in the winter of 2016 and found rhinovirus, the source of the common cold in them. They found it on half the baggage trays, more than on any of the other surfaces they tested. It wasn't found on toilet surfaces at the airport. The findings could help improve public health strategies in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide.
The European Union has funded a research project, called PANDHUB, on preventing the spread of“high--threat ” pathogens(病原体) on public transportation, and the study by the University of Nottingham is part of that project .
"The presence of germs in the environment of an airport has not been examined previously, said Niina Ikonen, who was involved in the study.
Finavia, the company that operates Helsinki Airport, said in an email,“At Finavia airports, the hygiene(卫生) standards are applied in accordance with health officials' requirements－all surfaces are cleaned daily and all security checkpoint trays, etc., are washed regularly."
Washing your hands properly and coughing into a tissue or sleeve, especially in public places, can help minimize the risk of catching infectious diseases, said Jonathan Van-Tam, a professor at the University of Nottingham. "These simple measures can help prevent the spread of germs and are most important in crowded areas like airports that have a high volume of people traveling to and from many different parts of the world." he added.
1. What should air passengers do according to Van-Tam?| A．Avoid touching other people . | B．Spend less time at the airport . |
| C．Bring as little luggage as possible . | D．Try to reduce the effect of their coughs . |
| A．It focuses on"high-threat" pathogens . |
| B．It is the first to test for microbes on surfaces at airports. |
| C．It has found a new way to cure infectious diseases . |
| D．It has led to a research project called PANDHUB. |
| A．They explained why hygiene was important . |
| B．They felt quite doubtful about the findings. |
| C．They had recognized their mistakes . |
| D．They had done what was required. |
| A．Airport security trays had a lot of germs in them. |
| B．Wet surfaces offered good places for germs to live. |
| C．Viruses spread quicker during and after peak hours. |
| D．Airline passengers were more likely to catch a cold on planes. |
【推荐1】If you’re planning on traveling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.
First of all, always check and double-check departure (起程) time. It is amazing how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at 10:50. When I arrived at the airport, the clerk at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.
The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards, it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency (货币) with you when you arrive in a country. This can be necessary if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit. Once I arrived at a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen! I only take real money!” the driver said angrily. Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel, but it was embarrassing.
The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suit and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.
1. Where is the writer most probably from?| A．Italy. | B．The USA |
| C．Britain. | D．Greece |
| A．The author tells people to choose warm places as their travel destinations. |
| B．You don’t have to take credit cards when travelling. |
| C．You should know more about the weather of the place you’ll visit. |
| D．It’s unnecessary to check the departure time carefully. |
| A．how to make life easier | B．how to be well prepared for a trip |
| C．how to enjoy ourselves on a trip | D．how to plan our trip |
Retirement is a major life change. Even good changes usually involve some kinds of loss. When you retire, you find yourself lacking whatever working used to provide. That could include, for example, 1. knowing you’re working for society, 2. getting admiration from your skills, 3. having “aha” moments when you solve problems, 4. having people to socialize with, and 5. simply having a place to go and a reason to get out of bed every day. For most people, there’s a financial loss, too. Also, retirement age is a time when a lot of people have to deal with losing their parents or having serious health problems of their own.
Because of all these, retirees are more likely to get depressed.
Depression is very harmful. First, depression can make physical health problems worse. Second, it takes a toll on relationship because it can make people angry. Third, it’s hard to get much done when you’re depressed.
What can we do to overcome (克服) the feelings of depression? First, do all the things that help depression in general: drink enough water, exercise, talk to friends, have a hobby, laugh, and spend time in nature. If you feel depressed more often than not, it’s probably time to talk to a doctor about your feelings. Second, it’s important to keep busy and get out of the house when you can. Make specific plans with friends. Take a class Volunteer. Or just make sure you start each day with some kind of goal. Third, try to focus on what you’ve gained by retiring. Think about what you may have now that you wished you had before you were able to retire. For example, days that are less stressful, a chance to rest and take better care of your body, more time for your family and yourself. To write, to start a hobby and to learn something new are all new possibilities. Finally, tell your story. You’ve lived a long time and you become an oral historian each time you talk with someone about your experiences. You can also write in a journal or make a video recording of your memories. Telling your stories can help you look back on your life and career with a sense of wholeness and achievements.
1. People may find life very hard after they retire because of ___________.
| A．freedom | B．nervousness |
| C．discouragement (losing heart) | D．hard work |
| A．they will suffer from financial loss |
| B．they have to support their parents |
| C．they may lose the reason to get up early |
| D．they may have fewer people to socialize with |
| A．it makes people’s relationships unusual |
| B．it makes people’s relationships in peace |
| C．it makes people’s relationships in danger |
| D．it makes people stay in touch with each other. |
| A．Depression and Retirement |
| B．Depression During Retirement Is Harmful |
| C．Reasons for Depression During Retirement |
| D．How to Overcome Depression During Retirement |
【推荐3】Take a quick tipple and you could find yourself speaking a second language more naturally, according to a new research. The foreign language skills of participants in the study were found to be improved after a drink of alcohol, which suggests the way alcohol can put us at ease outweighs the negative effects on our brain—at least for the first drink, anyway. The international team of researchers is warning against reading too much into their experiment, but it could reveal some interesting insights into the anxiety associated with speaking another language, and how alcohol can help us overcome it.
The study involved 50 native German speakers studying Dutch at a Dutch university, who had recently learned to speak, read, and write in the new language. Based on random selections, participants were either given alcohol or water as a control beverage. The amount of alcohol varied based on body size, but was the equivalent of just under a pint (460 milliliters) of 5 percent beer for a 70kg male. They then chatted to a researcher for five minutes, assessed by two native Dutch speakers who weren’t told whether alcohol had been consumed or not. Those people who had been given the alcoholic drink were given better ratings by the observers, especially for their pronunciation.
However, with only 50 people involved, we should be cautious of making too many generalizations on this study alone, but it’s an interesting pointer towards how a little bit of drink could grease the wheels as far as talking in a foreign language is concerned.
“One possible reason could be that, but more research is needed to test this. ” adds one of the team. “It is important to point out that participants in this study consumed a small amount of alcohol, however, higher levels of alcohol consumption might not have beneficial effects on our brain’s executive functioning, including our memory and our attention.
1. Which of the following caused alcohol drinkers to get better ratings in the experiment?| A．The skills of speaking a foreign language. | B．Alcohol’s role in improving one’s memory. |
| C．The anxiety-reducing effect of alcohol. | D．The brain’s executive function. |
| A．The former is heavier that the latter. |
| B．The former is of greater importance, benefit, or significance than the latter. |
| C．The former is lighter than the latter. |
| D．The former is of less importance, benefit, or significance than the latter. |
| A．The study hasn’t been carried out yet. | B．The size of participants is too small. |
| C．The study is not accountable and authoritative. | D．The process of the study is misguided. |
| A．Man needs a larger amount of alcohol than woman does to improve their oral speaking. |
| B．If you want to improve your pronunciation, you should drink as much as possible. |
| C．A right amount of alcohol will be helpful for language speaking. |
| D．Higher levels of alcohol consumption will have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language. |
