Up till about 130 years ago, newspapers in the United States attracted only the most serious readers. They used no illustration (插图) and the articles were about politics or business.
Two men changed that - Joseph Pulitzer bought the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal. Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very exciting one overnight. He added lots of illustrations and he told his reporters to write articles on every crime they could find. And they did. One of them-a woman reporter, even pretended she was mad and was sent to a hospital. She then wrote many articles about the poor treatment of patients in those hospitals where mad men were kept.
In 1895, Hearst came to New York from California. He wanted the Journal to be more exciting than the World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he lowered the price to a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his newspaper headings were bigger than anyone else’s. He often says, “Big print makes big news.”
Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they could to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator, to draw pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was going on, Hearst answered, “You provide the pictures. I’ll provide the war.”
1. What kind of news did American newspapers carry 130 years ago?| A．Only serious matters. | B．All kinds of exciting news. |
| C．Crimes and mad people. | D．The treatment of patients in hospital. |
| A．She helped Joseph Pulitzer buy the New York Journal. |
| B．She was forced to be mad and was sent to a hospital. |
| C．She learned a lot about the real life of the mad patients in hospital. |
| D．She made the newspaper from traditional to exciting. |
| A．adding illustrations into newspapers |
| B．satisfying the needs of politicians |
| C．getting the reporters to write about crimes |
| D．printing big newspaper headings |
| A．The difficulties that the newspaper owners faced. |
| B．Two most famous reporters of the United States. |
| C．Newspaper owners were fond of crimes and war. |
| D．Two important men changed newspapers greatly. |
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【推荐1】Toilet paper as we know it today is a relatively modern invention that's only been around for about 150 years. It s natural to wonder what was used before modern toilet paper. Toilet paper in its ancient form dates back to China in at least the 6th century. Although paper itself appeared long before that time.
In ancient times, many kinds of materials(材料) were used instead of toilet paper. For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert(沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland. Some other things known to have been used included: fur, leaves, rocks, snow, and so on. Of course, it wasn’t uncommon for people to go to the bathroom in a small river.
They might have used a cloth or their hands to clean themselves afterward. For many people, that might have been preferable to the method used by ancient Romans: a sponge(海绵)on a stick kept in saltwater...and shared by everyone using public bathrooms.
Luckily for us, Joseph Gayetty created the first toilet paper in 1857. His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn’t become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper. The rolled toilet paper we’re familiar with today appeared in the 1880s. It wasn’t necessarily soft like we’re now used to, though. Paper production methods would often leave splinters(刺)in toilet paper. It wasn’t until 1935 that Northern Tissue said they had made “splinter- free” toilet paper.
Other improvements in toilet paper happened over the course of the 20th Century. Larger rolls with softer paper became more popular. Today, take a trip to your local supermarket and you will find many different kinds of toilet paper. For such a widely-used, necessary invention, it isn’t given much thought...until it runs out!
1. What might decide which material ancient people used after using the bathroom?| A．What they did. | B．Where they lived. |
| C．How old they were. | D．How long they used the bathroom. |
| A．Because the paper had splinters. |
| B．Because the paper couldn’t be shared. |
| C．Because people didn't want to pay for it. |
| D．Because people preferred rolled toilet paper. |
| A．By providing examples. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By telling an interesting story. | D．By following the order of time. |
| A．A great invention--toilet paper |
| B．Why was toilet paper invented? |
| C．Toilet paper vs water: which to choose. |
| D．What did people use before toilet paper? |
【推荐2】A hearing aid is a small electronic device you wear in or behind your ear to make sounds louder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a microphone, an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound waves to electrical signals and sends them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and sends them to the ear through a speaker. There are three styles of hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by people of all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and open-fit aids fit behind the ear completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open. Thus, some people prefer it because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit completely inside the outer ear. Some ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecoil that allows users to receive sound through the circuitry of the hearing aid, rather than through its microphone.
•Canal aids fit into the ear canal and are available in two styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made to fit the size and shape of the ear canal. Completely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is also a key consideration. However, just because one hearing aid is more expensive than another does not necessarily mean that it will better suit your needs. Other features to consider include parts or services covered by the guarantee, estimated costs for repair, and the hearing aid company’s reputation for quality and service.
For more information, contact: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov .
1. What helps strengthen the power of electrical signals in a hearing aid?| A．The microphone. | B．The amplifier. |
| C．The speaker. | D．The telecoil. |
| A．“Mini” BTE | B．In-the-ear aids |
| C．In-the-canal aids | D．Completely-in-canal aids |
| A．increase your estimated costs | B．find the one with more features |
| C．give in to the after-sale services | D．consider your needs and lifestyle |
【推荐3】Tokyo may be one of those places that you love and hate at the same time. In Tokyo, there are always too many people in the places where I want to go. There are also too many cars. Tokyo drivers often spend a long time in the busy street, just like drivers in London, Paris and New York.
Tokyo also has a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really difficult to walk in the street. The worst time in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is because the nightclubs are closing at that time and everybody wants to go home then. There are 35,000 nightclubs in Tokyo, and usually none of them is empty at night.
During the day, most people go to work by train. Six million train tickets are sold every year in Tokyo. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes, but at certain hours it is not enough at all. Although trains are always crowded, they are very good in many ways. They always leave and arrive on time. In London trains, you may see everybody reading a newspaper. But in Tokyo trains, everybody seems to be sleepy, no matter whether his journey is long or short. If you stand outside the station for five minutes, there will be three fire engines going past you. They are on the way to one of the fires that Tokyo has every day. Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.
1. In London, Paris and New York, there are________in the street.| A．a few trains | B．many trains | C．too many cars | D．no cars |
| A．don’t often leave and arrive on time | B．are the most important traffic tools for Japanese |
| C．are good for sleep | D．not crowded |
| A．very good | B．just so so | C．not too good | D．very bad |
| A．the writer like Tokyo more than he hates |
| B．the writer hates Tokyo more than he likes |
| C．the writer wants to leave Tokyo as soon as possible |
| D．the writer has got used to the life in Tokyo |
【推荐1】When you're having a hard time with your homework or when you're preparing for your term paper, these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need. The key to getting the most out of these online resources is to know how they can best be used to your advantage.
Although Facebook can be one of your biggest time-wasters and distractions when you are supposed to be getting work done, it can also be one of your most valuable resources. Most of your classmates will probably have a Facebook account, so anyone you need to connect with about a class you missed or about a problem is usually just a few clicks away.
SparkNotes
With a free library of history timeline, philosophy study guides and library summaries, SparkNotes has covered just about any reading-related jam you find yourself in. Just run a search for the book, play, or short summary of the material you are supposed to read.
Amazon.com
Do you finish every term with many expensive textbooks you will never open again? Instead of letting the money spent go to waste, get back some of your cash by selling your books on Amazon.
RateMyProfessors.com
Choosing new classes can sometimes be like trying to pick out your clothes in the dark, a total guessing game. Which teacher gives out the hardest problem sets? How much homework will that history professor give you every week? At RateMyProfessors.com, students all over the country rate their professors on quality helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.
Wikipedia
While Wikipedia isn't aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching. Wikipedia gives you a quick way to find sources and get the details of almost any topic you need to research-all without walking to the library.
1. While you are taking great pains to write a research report,___________ can most probably be a help.| A．Facebook | B．SparicNotes | C．Amazon.com | D．Wikipedia |
| A．where you can make friends all over the country |
| B．where you can communicate with your professors |
| C．that gives you information about professors in advance |
| D．that gives tips on how to get along with your professors |
| A．Wikipedia. | B．Facebook. | C．SparkNotes. | D．Amazon.com |
【推荐2】Years ago, students applying to colleges and universities had to have their applications and personal essays printed out and then send them by ordinary mail. Flash forward to today’s world of Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, where photos, videos and mobile phones rule, and several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.
ZEEMEE
One of the more popular innovations in college applications is ZeeMee, a free mobile app that allows students to upload personal profiles and videos to create visual resumes. More than 220 colleges and universities offer the ZeeMee option as part of the application process. The video can show the unique creative aspects of the applicants.
THE COALITION LOCKER
Another relatively new tool comes from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and Success, now used by more than 110 member colleges and universities. Among the group’s stated goals are getting students engaged in college preparation early and using technology to create a supportive application process that encourages reflection and self-discovery.
Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital “Locker”, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.
KIRA TALENT
At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process. To make it easier, several virtual interviewing tools have appeared, such as the video-based platform — Kira Talent. More than 140 universities worldwide use Kira Talent’s video assessment tool to conduct real-time interviews with students. During the interview, candidates are shown the questions prerecorded by the particular school and must respond in real time by talking to the camera on their laptops or phones. In addition to showing their ability, applicants should speak fluently in English and think on their feet, which helps admission officers determine the “motivation, commitment and drive” of them.
UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS
Some universities have come up with their own ways to allow students to show their skills and personalities. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology encourages applicants to display their technical abilities and creativity by submitting a “Maker Portfolio” — a written or videotaped description of a project that shows creative and problem-solving skills. The project could be anything from an origami design to a potato cannon.
1. Which of the following gives students more guidance during their high school?| A．ZEEMEE. | B．THE COALITION LOCKER. |
| C．KIRA TALENT. | D．UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS. |
| A．The video interview. | B．The description. |
| C．The application. | D．The student’s ability. |
| A．Creativity. | B．Braveness. |
| C．Willingness to share. | D．Personal commitment. |
We’ve been in China for a month now. Dad, Mom, Harry and I moved to Tianjin on 25 August. We’re not very far from Beijing. Two days ago, we celebrated my 16th birthday. It was great celebrating in China; the only thing that was strange was the cake—here they’re not as sweet as the ones in New York. On Monday school starts—I wonder what it will be like.
Monday, 1 September
On my first day I was looking around for a locker to put my books in. However, here all the students keep all of their books at their desks. We stay in the same classroom because apparently we don’t have to go from class to class—teachers come to us!
Today we selected teacher assistants for each subject. Their duties are to collect homework, make announcements, and do other things for the teachers and the students. It’s kind of a big deal here! Since I am from the US, I was asked to be the English assistant. I felt so proud but quite nervous at the same time because I wasn’t sure what I had to do, but I accepted the job anyway.
Friday, 3 October
Boy, what a week! Now we have nine classes every day, including the morning class, a combination of our American schools “Homeroom” and “Study Hall”. I think Chinese students work too much! I have to do my homework when I get back home. I don’t even have time to watch TV or surf the Internet like before. I sometimes miss New York and my school because we didn’t have to study so much. We had more time to hang out with our classmates and neighbors; here, besides their usual classes, students take part in weekend classes in subjects such as English, Chinese and math.
I get a lot of attention, being from another country. Everyone wants to practice English with me! A really cute girl even asked me for my phone number on my second day and sent me a text message! I’m making a lot more friends now. I just need a lot of help to improve my Chinese. Some students want to do a language exchange program with me. Nice!
1. The passage mentions all the following points EXCEPT _______ .| A．physics study | B．food flavour (风味) |
| C．weekend classes | D．language exchange programs |
| A．Collecting homework. | B．Making announcements. |
| C．Helping teachers with small errands (差事) . | D．Teaching classmates. |
| A．A storybook. | B．A guide book. |
| C．A diary. | D．A magazine. |
【推荐1】In the future, people may travel to Mars（火星)by water-powered spaceship! Today's spaceships are fine for getting things into space, but they are not so good at travelling long distances. These spaceships burn chemical fuels(燃料)and they are very expensive. Scientists say that a water-powered spaceship could make the trip to Mars much cheaper. The idea is just in the planning stages now, but scientists think such a spaceship could be developed soon.
The key to the water-powered spaceship is the engine(发动机).Regular engines push spaceships by burning fuel. The water engine will use steam, created by solar panels(太阳能板)that heat water to a high temperature. Of course, the spaceship will have to carry a lot of water for the long trip to Mars.
Today's spaceships could not carry that much water. But scientists think that a spaceship blown up like a balloon will be able to.
One Us company has already developed a spaceship like this. These spaceships are made of a strong material. Two of them have already been sent up into space, using rockets and then later filed with air. “Balloon” spaceships could be very large and carry enough water for a long trip. With the “Balloon” spaceships, enough water could be carried to power the engines and grow food during the trip. And the people on the spaceship might even get to take a hot bath!
Scientists say the biggest advantage of such a spaceship would be cost. The “Balloon” spaceship uses water to push it through space and costs about one thirtieth of a normal spaceship. Such savings naturally encourage continued research into balloon spaceships and water engines. If these scientists are correct, we may soon be on our way to Mars in a spaceship powered by water.
1. Which sentence best describes the main idea of the passage above?| A．The key to the water-powered spaceship is the engine. |
| B．In the future, people may travel to Mars by water-powered spaceship. |
| C．One US company has already developed a spaceship like this. |
| D．Scientists say the biggest advantage of such a spaceship would be cost. |
| A．use steam. |
| B．push spaceships. |
| C．heat water. |
| D．carry that much water |
| A．Take a hot bath. |
| B．Freeze dangerous things. |
| C．Blow up a balloon. |
| D．Change the surface of Mars. |
| A．www. freedictionary. com/power. |
| B．www. mooc. cn/music. |
| C．www. chinadaily. com. cn/culture. |
| D．www. space. com/spaceflight. |
How words came into being is unknown.All we assume is that some early men invented cortain sounds,in one way or another,to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things,so that they could talk with each other.Later they agreed upon certain signs,called letters,which could be put together to show those sounds,and which could be written down.Those sounds,whether spoken or written in letters,are called words.
The power of words,then,lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds.Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live,the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past;and the more we read and learn,the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings.This clever use of words is what we call literary style.Above all,the real poet is a master of words.He can express his meaning in words which sing like music,and which by their position and association can move men to tears.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly,or they will make our speech silly and common.
1. We learn from the text that language might have begun with( )
| A．expressions | B．actions | C．signs | D．sounds |
| A．The ……of new words | B．The importance of old words |
| C．The relation of human experience with words | D．The gradual change and development of words |
| A．Use words skilfully | B．Make musical speeches |
| C．Learn poems by heart | D．Associate with listeners |
【推荐3】Learning English as the second language for nonnative English speakers is not an easy task. It needs to spend a considerable time before you could speak or write the English language. There are only two ways to learn the English language or any other language you prefer.
The first one needs a lot of money because of the requirements needed. If you notice, a person migrated(移民) to another country and stayed there for a couple of years and then going back to his home nonnative speaking country, the person became so familiar in speaking English. This is the most effective way of learning to speak and write a language unfamiliar to you.
The learner learns the language because he/she is forced to do so because there is no other language being used. Not to mention that the learner should adapt to the environment. It is all started from listening. This is the process how language is acquired if you will stay long in a foreign country.
The second one is the traditional way. You go to school or learning center specialized in teaching English as the second language. Obviously, this is cheaper than the first, but it needs a considerable time before you will learn to familiarize the language. Today, there are different language centers offering their services for people to learn the language in your own country. They brought all the materials needed because, compared to the first one, they’re affordable and reasonable.
Nowadays, learning English as the second language is one of the global trends. Since the English language is used in most of the business transactions, you should be on it too. Otherwise you will not go along with the future trends that will arise.
1. Now an affordable way to learn a foreign language but not to go abroad is to__．| A．go to a foreign language school | B．study in a language center |
| C．communicate with more people | D．invite a foreigner as a teacher |
| A．the global trends of the present world |
| B．the difficulty of learning a second language |
| C．the most important way of learning a second language |
| D．the importance of learning a second language |
| A．learning foreign languages is easy |
| B．there is only one way to learn foreign languages |
| C．family environment is very helpful for learning foreign languages |
| D．learning foreign languages is good for your future career |
【推荐1】An 8-year-old therapy dog(治疗犬) named Moose was among the graduates at this year's virtual graduation ceremony at Virginia Tech — and this good boy has a lot to celebrate．
Moose, who came to Virginia Tech in 2014, received an honorary doctor's degree in vet medicine, the university said．He is one of four dogs who work at the school's Cook Counseling Center, serving as working therapy animals and ambassadors for merrtal health awareness．
The Labrador retriever has aided in more than 7,500 counseling sessions(心理治疗课程) and over 500 outreach events in his six years at Virginia Tech, according to his owner Trent Davis, the coordinator of animal-assisted therapy and a counselor at the center．
Recently, Moose has faced a challenging few months after he was diagnosed with prostate cancer just a week after his birthday in February．The pup began radiation, chemotherapy and other therapies and has been given a positive result．
In 2019, the cute pup was honored with the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association's Animal Hero Award, an honor given to an animal that has performed “a heroic act of service or provides daily outstanding service for humans．”
“Moose loves you if you're super smart, and he loves you if you got an F．He loves you if you've been in the hospital, and he loves you if you're a sports star,” Davis said of the honor．“Moose doesn't care if you have a mental health concern．He doesn't care if you got an A or a B or if you didn't get into college…That's got a magic to it．”
When Moose isn't working, he enjoys swimming, playing a classic game of tug of war, and most of all, eating．
1. When did Moose receive an honorary degree?| A．In 2014． | B．When he was eight years old． |
| C．In 2019． | D．When he was six years old． |
| A．Getting all kinds of therapies． | B．Assisting in therapy for mental health． |
| C．Working as an ambassador． | D．Receiving honors for outstanding service． |
| A．Moose is a dog with magic power | B．Moose got cancer because of challenging work． |
| C．Moose likes eating while working． | D．Moose loves you even if you didn't go to college: |
| A．The importance of therapy dogs． | B．The amazing work done by a therapy dog． |
| C．The comfortable life of therapy dogs． | D．The story of a therapy dog． |
【推荐2】In recent years,stressed-out people living in cities have been seeking protection in green spaces for the proven positive impacts on physical and mental health,but the benefits of"blue space"-the sea and coastline,but also rivers,lakes,canals,waterfalls,even fountains-are less well advertised, yet the science has been consistent for at least a decade:being by water is good for body and mind.
＂Many of the processes are exactly the same as with green space-with some added benefits," says Dr Mathew White,a senior lecturer at the University of Exeter.
White says there are three established pathways by which the presence of water is positively related to health and happiness.First,there are the beneficial environmental factors,such as less polluted air and more sunlight.Second,people who live by water tend to be more physically active. Third-and this is where blue space seems to have an advantage over other natural environments-water has a psychological recovery effect.When you are sailing,surfing or swimming,says White,＂you're really in step with natural forces there."
Catherine Kelly is a wellness practitioner who teaches classes in"mindfulness by the sea”.She says the sea has a quality that can make people thoughtful.
＂To go to the sea means letting go,"says Kelly."It could be lying on a beach or somebody handing you a cocktail.For somebody else,it could be a wild,empty coast.But there is this really human sense of:'Oh, look,there's the sea-and the shoulders drop."
1. Why are blue spaces less popular than green spaces?| A．Because green spaces are good to people's health. |
| B．Because little research has been done on blue spaces. |
| C．Because green spaces have more benefits than blue spaces. |
| D．Because the benefits of green spaces are better advertised. |
| A．Where there's water,there's fresh air. |
| B．People living near water are healthier. |
| C．Water can help people restore mental health. |
| D．The sea can make people lost in deep thought. |
| A．The sea will bring you loneliness. |
| B．The sea will hurt your shoulder. |
| C．The sea will put you at ease. |
| D．The sea will make you feel down. |
| A．People in cities prefer green spaces. |
| B．Blue spaces help both physically and mentally. |
| C．Green spaces have been out of date. |
| D．Ways to keep us healthy. |
【推荐3】For much of the 20th century, milk was a simple part of daily life in the U.S, as farmers raised cows, milkmen delivered bottles and children drank it at school. But those days are fading.
America has fallen out of love with drinking milk, as lower-calorie options have increased and people are replacing water bottles with milk cartons. Americans each drink an estimated 146 lb. of fluid milk in 2018, according to the USDA’s Economic Research Service. That may sound like a lot, but it’s down by 26% just since 2000.
The downturn has been tough on dairy processors like Borden and Dean, which buy fresh milk from farms and use techniques like pasteurization (巴氏杀菌) to create a consumer-safe drink with a longer shelf life. For the past five years, thanks to technology that increased milk production, fresh-milk prices were relatively low, which meant processors could still earn some money even despite the decreasing demand. But prices began going up again last year, squeezing the processors’ already tight profits. “Declining sales in a thin-profit business is not a good recipe for success,” says Mark Stephenson, director of dairy policy analysis at the University of Wisconsin.
Milk processors are also facing competition from big retailers, which have set up their own processing plants. In 2018, Walmart opened a milk-processing plant in Indiana to serve hundreds of stores in the Midwest, taking away approximately 95 million gal of milk-processing business from Dean Foods.
On the other end of the supply chain, dairy farms are facing trouble of their own. The low prices left small farmers struggling across the industry. The number of farm bankruptcies (破产) in 2019 was up by 4% from the previous year. “We’re trying our best to hang on,” says Mary Rieckmann, a dairy farmer in Wisconsin whose family has turned to GoFundMe to keep their century-old farm running.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?| A．Why some dairy farmers turn to GoFundMe. |
| B．Why America’s milk industry get into much trouble. |
| C．Why Americans consume less milk than before. |
| D．Why big retailers set up their own processing plants. |
| A．An American consumes 146 lb fluid milk every year |
| B．Technology in milk industry improves the production |
| C．Walmart is probably not a target customer of Dean Foods now |
| D．2019 witnessed 4% more farm bankruptcies than the previous year |
| A．Health | B．Technology | C．Life | D．Economy |
