Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed. AI (人工智能) experts say that in many cases, attempts to make robots understand humor end up producing funny results, but not in the way they were supposed to.
Tristan Miller studied more than 10,000 puns (双关语) in one research project. The pun is a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music; or can mean the sound a balloon makes when it explodes. But a robot might not get the joke. Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for computer intelligence to understand.
Allison Bishop is a computer scientist and she also performs stand-up comedy. She explained that machines are trained to look for patterns. Comedy, on the other hand, relies on things that stay dose to a pattern, kit not completely within it. To be funny, humor should also not be predictable, Bishop said. This sets a great obstacle for a machine to recognize and understand what is funny.
Bishop says since robots have great difficulty understanding humor, she feels like it gives her better job security as a comedy performer. It even made her parents happy when her brother decided to become a full-time comedy writer because it meant he wouldn’t be replaced by a machine, she added.
Despite the difficulties, Darmstadt University’s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (讽刺), he noted. Humans use sarcasm to say one thing but mean another. But Kiki Hempelmann thinks differently. “Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn’t, and they may use it where it’s inappropriate,” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny,” he added.
1. What does the author most probably want to show in Paragraph 1?A.Robots’ influence on the scientific development. |
B.Robots’ challenges of making sense of humor. |
C.Computer scientists’ devotion to technical skills. |
D.Computer scientists’ concern about AI’s development. |
A.prove robots do poorly in funny work |
B.explain robots aren’t as intelligent as humans |
C.describe language is complex and changeable |
D.show language can’t be taught in a set pattern |
A.Barrier. | B.Record. |
C.Message. | D.Possibility. |
A.It will end up in vain. |
B.It may be a double-edged sword. |
C.It may help improve humans’ humor. |
D.It will attract more computer scientists. |
相似题推荐
Is Multitasking Always Good?
Not only do smart-phones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have steeped in.
Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things — for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.
Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference.
Please sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.
People multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits.
A.But legislation(法律) won’t ban all situations in which multitasking is unwise. |
B.They multitask for efficiency, to fight boredom or to keep up with social media. |
C.Forty-eight states have banned texting while driving. |
D.However, texting while biking seems so undemanding as to be harmless. |
E.They damage driving equivalently as far as external dangers go. |
F.Instead of multitasking, they take more rest breaks and get a social media fix during a break. |
【推荐2】Scientists from Deakin University in Australia have traced how about 30 species changed across various time periods in response to rising temperatures. They searched through nearly 100 past studies by other researchers, and tracked comparisons that date back a century or two in some cases. They found many creatures are changing the sizes and shapes of certain body parts.
“Warm-blooded animals in the wild rely on their own bodies to avoid overheating. They release heat through their appendages (肢体),” explains Sara Ryding, who led the study. For little creatures. like mice, tails do the job. For birds, their bills (喙) do the work.
The animals’ shape-shifting changes make sense, researchers say. In biology, an established concept called Bergmann’s rule shows that creatures that live in colder climates tend to be larger and thicker than those closer to the equator (赤道). Later, a biologist, Joel Asaph Allen further expanded the concept, saying that animals that adapted to cold climates have shorter limbs (肢) and bodily appendages — to keep the warmth in. For similar reasons, in hotter climates, warm-blooded animals"appendages become larger, relative to their body size. Larger appendages can help animals release more heat into the surrounding air.
Ryding’s team also conducted various field studies. One of them measured the bills of Galapagos finches from 2003 to 2011 and found they enlarged in response to temperature rises. Other data the researchers analyzed focused on European rabbits, which were brought to Australia and settled in areas with different weather. Those that found themselves in hotter places developed longer ears over time.
However, the researchers aren’t sure whether this shape-shifting is a good development. If larger ears or bills can help the animal cool off, that’s a good thing. But certain changes may damage some creatures’ ability to hunt for food. “If you’re a hummingbird and your bill is getting broader and wider, it may become too large to effectively feed on flowers where you’ re drawing your nutrition from,” says Ryding.
1. How did the scientists carry out their study?A.By experimenting in the wild. | B.By referring to previous data. |
C.By exploring a variety of fields. | D.By collecting information worldwide. |
A.To offer background information. | B.To raise doubts about a concept. |
C.To stress the role of weather changes. | D.To explain the researchers’ findings. |
A.Their rules. | B.Their reason. | C.Their effects. | D.Their frequency. |
A.Animals are good at surviving tough situations. |
B.Animals base their body changes on their environments. |
C.Climate change forces animals to change their habitats. |
D.It is wise of animals to use their different body parts effectively. |
【推荐3】Sportsmen in the running races of the Olympics are great athletes, but even the slow runners of the running world — joggers in the park — have good health. A study out this week in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology finds that even 5 to 10 minutes a day of slow running is enough to extend life by several years, compared with not running at all.
The new study focused on a group of more than 55, 000 men and women aged 18 to 100. About a quarter of them were runners. Over 15 years, those who ran just 50 minutes a week or fewer at a slow speed were less likely to die from either cardiovascular (心血管的) disease or other causes, compared with those who didn’t run at all.
The study suggests relatively low efforts are necessary to benefit from jogging, but it can be better to exercise more often. “A little bit is good but a little more is probably better,” says Dr. Aaron Baggish. A 2013 study in Denmark suggested that the secret of maximum longevity is up to 2. 5 hours of running a week.
Although running can make you less likely to have cardiovascular disease, it doesn’t entirely take the risk away from you. “There is no question that the healthier you are and the more exercise you do, the longer you’ll live and the better your quality of life will be,” Dr. Baggish says. “But it doesn’t mean you’ll never get sick.”
“Many long-term runners do not run because they want to live longer,” Dr. Baggish notes. “They run because it makes them feel better every day.”
For these runners, the cost of feeling good can be injuries, so Dr. Baggish supports the value of what he calls “active rest.” His belief, not supported by any recent research, is that it’s a good idea to spend 25% of exercise time over the course of a year running at a slow speed or doing other activities like swimming or biking.
1. What does the new study mainly show us?A.The best way to run. | B.The best time to run. |
C.The importance of running. | D.The popularity of running. |
A.It can result from running often. | B.It’s not completely preventable. |
C.It’s not so serious as most people think. | D.It can be treated by some kind of exercise. |
A.Staying active all the time. | B.Swimming more, run less. |
C.Having a big rest after doing sports. | D.Taking a little light exercise. |
A.Health. | B.Business. | C.Society. | D.Medicine. |
【推荐1】That’s one small stem for a plant, one giant leap for plant science.
In a tiny, lab-grown garden, the first seeds ever sown in lunar dirt have sprouted (发芽). This small crop offers hope that astronauts could someday grow their own food on the moon.
But plants potted in lunar dirt grew more slowly and were much thinner than others grown in volcanic material from Earth, researchers report May 12 in Communications Biology. That finding suggests that farming on the moon would take a lot more than a green thumb.
“Ever since these samples came back, there’ve been botanists that wanted to know what would happen if you grew plants in them,” says Barker, who wasn’t involved in the study. “But everyone knows those precious samples are priceless, and so you can understand why NASA was reluctant to release them.”
The dirt, or regolith, that covers the moon is basically a gardener’s worst nightmare. This fine powder of razor-sharp bits is full of metallic iron, rather than the oxidized (氧化的) kind that is friendly to plants. But it is not full of nitrogen, phosphorus or much else that plants need to grow. So no one knew whether newborn plants could put down their delicate roots in the real stuff.
To find out, researchers at the University of Florida in Gainesville ran experiments with that cress, a well-studied plant that can grow in just a tiny clod of material. That was key because the researchers had only a little bit of the moon dirt to go around.
“Nothing really compared to when we first saw the seedlings as they were sprouting in the lunar dirt,” says Anna-Lisa Paul, a plant molecular biologist. “That was a moving experience, to be able to say that we’ re watching the very first earth organisms to grow in extraterrestrial materials, ever. And it was amazing.”
Plants grew in all the pots of lunar dirt, but none grew as well as those cultivated in earthly material.
Barker isn’t frightened by the challenges promised by this first attempt at lunar gardening. “There’re many, many steps and pieces of technology to be developed before humanity (人类) can really engage in lunar agriculture,” he says. “But having this particular dataset (资料) is really important for those of us that believe it’s possible and important.”
1. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A.Farming on the moon is no easy job. | B.Lunar dirt is very scarce for humans. |
C.Knowing how to farm matters much. | D.Volcanic material from Earth is better. |
A.To explore the moon for more lunar dirt. |
B.To increase the richness of the moon dirt. |
C.To reveal what elements lunar dirt contains. |
D.To find whether lunar dirt is proper for plants. |
A.Because researches have laid the foundation. |
B.Because lunar gardening is quite important. |
C.Because technology has solved the problems. |
D.Because humans have engaged in lunar farming. |
A.Astronauts growing plants on the moon. |
B.Human's great success in lunar gardening. |
C.Experiments of growing plants in moon soil. |
D.A well-studied plant growing in earthly material. |
【推荐2】Spicy tomatoes could soon be on the menu thanks to the rise of gene-editing (基因编辑) technology, researchers say.
It is not the first time that experts have claimed the techniques could help develop fruit with unusual features: scientists have already been looking at changing the color of kiwi fruit and bettering the taste of strawberries.
But researchers in Brazil and Ireland say such methods could also offer practical advantages, with hot tomatoes offering a new way of harvesting the pungent (辣味的) chemicals found in peppers known as capsaicinoids (辣椒素),which make food taste “hot”.
“Capsaicinoids are very valuable compounds (化合物): they are used in the weapons industry, they are also used for painkillers. and there are some researches showing that they promote weight loss,” said Agustin Zsögön from the Federal University of Viços a in Brazil, a co-author of a new article arguing for the benefits of engineering hot tomatoes.
Writing in the journal Trends in Plant Science, the researchers say peppers are difficult crops to grow and low productive. Worse still, it is tricky to keep the pungency of the fruits stable. By contrast, tomato production is high and the plant is well-studied. “You could produce the capsaicinoids in a more cost-effective manner,” said Zsögön.
Tomatoes and peppers developed from a common ancestor, but separated about 19 million years ago. “All these genes to produce capsaicinoids exist in the tomato, they are just not active,” said Zsögön. “Using gene-editing technology, it is bound to switch these genes back on in tomatoes, adding a kick to the fruit,” he said.
1. Why are the tomatoes made hot by the researchers?A.To test the gene-editing technology. |
B.To enrich the variety of the tomatoes. |
C.To make the tomatoes more delicious. |
D.To explore ways to harvest capsaicinoids. |
A.Feeling weightless. | B.Lacking sleep. |
C.Having a headache. | D.Losing appetite. |
A.Unacceptable. | B.Uncertain. | C.Tolerant. | D.Confident. |
A.An introduction to gene-editing plants. |
B.Creating hot tomatoes by gene-editing. |
C.Problems with capsaicinoid production. |
D.The procedure of producing capsaicinoids. |
【推荐3】One late winter day in Manchester, UK, as I step inside the University of Salford’s latest research building, the cold 3°C air bites immediately. In fact, it’s a giant climate- controlled room, designed to test how homes built today will cope with the wilder weather climate change could bring.
Inside the £16-million room, researchers can create any weather they want with the touch of a button, from —20°C cold to 40°C heatwaves, alongside strong winds, snow and ice. KAnywhere people live, we can recreate those conditions,,, says Fitton, who leads the Energy House 2.0 project for the university.
Inside the building are two new-build homes, complete with brickwork and pot plants. Both are equipped with cutting-edge green technology) like electric vehicle charging points, and will act as test beds to build greener homes in the UK. In 2025, the Future Homes Standard(FHS) will require all new homes to be built without gas central heating and with other green measures. Homes built to the FHS must deliver a 75% to 80% reduction in carbon emissions compared with homes built today.
That is why Bellway, partnering with the project, has built the rooms from its Coppersmith range of homes inside the Energy House 2.0. Yet clearly this is no ordinary new-build. For one thing, packed inside are three different heating systems: two air source heat pumps? plus panel heaters dotted around the walls and ceilings. There’s also a solar power input, a battery and a smart hot water tank that heats water using solar generation.
Over the coming months, Bellway will test different combinations of these technologies to find the most cost-effective way of meeting the FHS regulations.
Financially, things are promising: Based on energy-performance calculations, Bellway says its Future Home could have energy bills of just £11 a year.
Energy House 2.0 will let researchers see how houses perform in the UK’s future climate. “We can cycle through the climate change predictions 50 years into the future and see if we have any problems says Fitton.”
1. What’s the aim of building the £16-million room?A.To predict the extreme weather humans will face. |
B.To test how long a house stands in extreme weather. |
C.To find a way for homes to deal with climate change. |
D.To explore the most habitable homes for humans. |
A.To design green houses to meet the standards of FHS. |
B.To explore the household use of advanced technology. |
C.To sponsor the Energy House 2.0 for market profit. |
D.To popularize its Coppersmith range of future homes. |
A.It’ll explore the use of cutting-edge technology. |
B.It’ll find how houses tackle future climate changes. |
C.It’ll make future houses have zero carbon emission. |
D.It5ll spread Coppersmith range all over the country. |
A.Energy-Saving House Designs Put to the Test |
B.The Expensive Room Holding Future Hopes |
C.The Leading Place of the UK in Home Designs |
D.Research into Homes for Future Climate Change |
【推荐1】The sunk cost effect is the ongoing investment of time, money and effort that an individual makes in any attempt, even if rationally the results appear unpromising. When any individual has already made an investment of time, money or effort, it becomes difficult to withdraw from the task. An error of judgement occurs when we fail to cut our losses-the sunk cost.
The simplest method of beating this error of judgement is to simply stop investing when it’s not producing results. As the age-old proverb goes, “Why cry over spilt milk?”But we still can’t seem to do it! Why?
People perceive the same amount of losses and gains in a different light. This means that the same amount of losses will hurt more than an equal amount of gain. For example, if a business is going through heavy losses, one must decide to either shut it down or continue. Shutting it down is a definite loss of money, time and effort. People become risk-seeking when they are facing a definite loss. They will pump more money as a gamble to achieve a positive outcome. If there is a positive outcome and the business starts making a profit, this has given them a higher utility(效用) than simply making profits from the beginning. They managed to rise up from a heavy loss, thereby giving higher satisfaction about the decision to continue investing.
We, however, will not choose to honor sunk costs on every occasion. This is especially true in the case of insurance. Let’s say that you have taken home insurance and probably never used it. You are not going to burn your house down just so you can utilize your house insurance.
1. What does the underlined word “it“ in paragraph 2 probably refer to?A.Crying over spilt milk. |
B.Stopping investing. |
C.Refusing judgement. |
D.Keeping finishing the task. |
A.Going on investing when your sales are increasing. |
B.Breaking up with those who aren’t interested in you. |
C.Continuing eating ordered food even if it tastes bad. |
D.Keeping on working out when you’re a little thinner. |
A.Fear of loss and expectation for better. |
B.Spirit of adventure and wise decision. |
C.Endless desire and ambition. |
D.Positive attitude and behavior. |
A.To describe. | B.To persuade. |
C.To introduce. | D.To explain. |
【推荐2】Plenty of films are somewhat incomprehensible, but a movie is in a language that only about 20 people in the world can speak fluently.
A feature film titled SGaneaay K’uuna, translated as Edge of the Knife, is in the Haida language, the ancestral tongue of the Haida people of British Columbia, Canada It is unrelated to any other language, and actors had to learn it to understand their lines.
The film is playing an important role in preserving the language, its director Gwai Edenshaw said. “I know that, if our language is this far gone, statistically it’s supposed to be over. But that’s not something that we’re willing to accept.”
The Haida are an indigenous(土著的)community whose traditional territory is Haida Gwaii Edenshaw said most of the fluent Haida speakers were in his Haida Gwaii homeland. The community generally lives off the sea and makes dugout canoes and houses from local red cedars. Their numbers were ravaged by smallpox and other diseases in the 19h century. A former population of tens of thousands has declined to a few thousand today.
The few Haida speakers are extremely concerned about the language’s future and were very enthusiastic about the film. More than 70 local people worked on the production, with Haida speakers taking incidental roles, weavers creating the costumes and other craftspeople making props.
The film, set on Haida Gwali in the 19th century, is based on an old Haida myth about a man who survives an accident at sea, only to become so weakened that he is taken over by supernatural beings.
It is part of a wider push to preserve the Haida language, including a new dictionary and recordings of local voices.
Mark Turin, associate professor at the University of British Columbia, said that Haida is among languages that have been ”pushed almost to the edge“ and that, while numerous indigenous communities worldwide are trying to revive(复活)their language, the Haida people have taken an unusual approach. ”This film has done something that I don’t think I’ve ever seen before, using a feature movie as a process of language revitalization. It’s a hugely creative and powerful commitment for the community to have made,“ he said.
1. What do we know about the Haida language?A.It is forever gone. | B.It is easy to learn. | C.It is well preserved. | D.It is highly endangered. |
A.Greatly reduced. | B.Slightly increased. | C.Stabilized. | D.Determined. |
A.It is based on a true story. | B.Locals contribute to its production. |
C.Most Haida speakers lack interest in it. | D.It helps promote the Haida publications. |
A.It is innovative. | B.It is outdated. | C.It is unacceptable. | D.It is debatable. |
【推荐3】Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids(小行星) and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something unnoticeable, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening, when a spacecraft headed direct into an asteroid called Dimorphos, which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.
In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the spacecraft hit right on target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned, they said, with nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell, our first planetary defense test was a success,” said Elena Adams, the mission systems engineer, who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity’s first ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months, scientists said, before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off
course, probably shortening its original orbit.
NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threaten Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down.” explains Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?A.It adds some background information. |
B.It introduces the topic of the passage. |
C.It presents author’s main idea. |
D.It serves as an abstract of the essay. |
A.They monitored the spacecraft with satellites in space. |
B.They recorded the whole process with a telescope. |
C.The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared. |
D.The signal from the spacecraft was lost as it hit the target. |
A.To test technology for defending Earth. |
B.To end the asteroid’s threat to Earth. |
C.To search for evidence of alien life. |
D.To show engineers’ terror and joy. |
A.NASA’s plan will definitely a success. |
B.Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth. |
C.NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids. |
D.Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size. |
【推荐1】The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.
The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts?
People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles—that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
In the modern world, with all its complexity, co-operation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent fillings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级).
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
1. The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______.A.confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fables |
B.argue children’s wisdom over adults |
C.indicate the importance of different opinions |
D.make fun of the foolishness of some people |
A.close themselves to a fixed mind | B.pay more attention to other’s behavior |
C.advocate traditional way of thinking | D.hesitate to participate in team activities |
A.Employing graduates from the same excellent university. |
B.Appointing senior managers with the right of leading a team. |
C.Establishing a team with people of various backgrounds. |
D.Hiring people assembling their chief executives in thoughts. |
A.Co-operation and teamwork contribute to the complexity of the world. |
B.The less identity a person releases the more he is ready to air views. |
C.Viewpoints from different perspectives are likely to cause conflicts. |
D.There exists the danger of pecking order in a team led by junior managers. |
【推荐2】In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular (分子运动) theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles (微粒) that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated (制定). These possible solutions are called hypotheses (假设).
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated (合并) into theories.
1. According to paragraph 2, a useful theory is one that helps scientists to ________.A.observe events. | B.make predictions. |
C.publicize new findings. | D.find errors in past experiments. |
A.Science is more than a collection of facts. |
B.Hypotheses are made before an observed event. |
C.Hypotheses are facts that are not proven to be true. |
D.A scientist’s most difficult task is collecting information. |
A.confirming known facts. |
B.linking together different theories. |
C.providing direction for scientific research. |
D.communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others. |
A.Hypotheses | B.Observations |
C.Scientific Theories | D.Creative Thinking |
【推荐3】The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward.
A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber’s shop. The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy. The bride was not pretty. She wore a dress of blue cashmere. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves. They embarrassed her. The blushes (脸红)caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see.
They were evidently very happy. “Ever been in a parlor-car (特等火车)before?” he asked, smiling with delight.
“No,” she answered; “I never was. It’s fine,ain’t it?”
“Great! And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. ”
“Oh, do they?” cried the bride. “Charge a dollar? Why,that’s too much — for us — ain’t it, Jack?”
Later he explained to her about the trains. “You see, if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet(丝绒人), the shining bronze,silver, and glass, the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room, and on the ceiling were frescos(壁画)in olive and silver.
To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation (得意)that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and infrequently, a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive (嘲讽的)enjoyment.
At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest. The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide, his face radiant with kindness. The service, coupled with the ordinary deference(毕恭毕敬),was rare to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.
1. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of ____.A.superiority | B.awkwardness |
C.despair | D.satisfaction |
A.The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. |
B.The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. |
C.It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. |
D.Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. |
A.monitored | B.observed |
C.searched | D.investigated |
A.The waiter was indifferent to the couple. |
B.The couple felt uneasy at dinner. |
C.The service was satisfactory. |
D.The couple enjoyed the dinner. |