The 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games may become known as the “Robot Games”. Organizers showed that robots will be used at the new National Stadium to provide assistance for visitors using wheelchairs. Tokyo Olympic official Masaki Komiya pointed out that Japan is known for its robot technology, and the 2020 Summer Games are a good chance to show it. “Robots should not defeat people,” said Komiya. “Robots are something that has a friendly relationship with human beings and can work together with them.”
The robots are made by a major Olympic sponsor(赞助商) Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota officials said 16 of the so-called “human support robots” will be used at the National Stadium with five other “delivery(递送) support robots” and “media support robots” also being available.
Minoru Yamauchi of Toyota, the general manager for 2020 Robot Development, said Toyota is opening up a new field and becoming a “mobility company”. “We have been looking at how we can support people’s daily life and how we can develop robots that can partner with daily life,” Yamauchi said. “In the Tokyo Olympics, there will be many guests in wheelchairs and we hope they can enjoy the games without worrying about their mobility.”
Panasonic Corporation—also a major Olympic sponsor—showed its “power assist suit”. When worn, the suit offers support to the back and bottom area and allows heavy objects to be lifted with less effort. Panasonic said 20 of the suits will be used in the Tokyo Olympics and can help guests with their luggage(行李). Panasonic also planned to develop entertainment robots to help visitors enjoy their stay in Japan.
Yoshifumi Uchida, general manager of Panasonic, said its power assist suit technology was developed partly because of Japan’s aging population. This could help get more women and the elderly into the working population. “We would like to have a society where people can work without caring about sex differences or age differences,” Uchida said.
1. What can be learned from Yamauchi’s words?| A．More disabled people will attend the 20 Tokyo Olympics. |
| B．Robots of Toyota are the most advanced in the world. |
| C．Yamauchi invented a new kind of wheelchair. |
| D．Toyota is constantly improving their robotics. |
| A．keep people’s body warm | B．lift up entertainment robot |
| C．treat guests in wheelchairs | D．help visitors carry heavy objects |
| A．Women in Japan usually stay at home. |
| B．The employment rate in Japan is very low. |
| C．Robot technology serves the development of society. |
| D．Power assist suits help elderly people to become younger. |
| A．Robot technology to be used in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. |
| B．Major Olympic sponsors of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. |
| C．The effects of robots on people's daily life. |
| D．Japan's future robot technology. |
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【推荐1】To address the plastic pollution troubling the world’s seas and waterways, Cornell University chemists have developed a new polymer (聚合物) that can degrade (降解) plastic when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, according to the research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
“We have created a new plastic that has the mechanical properties required by commercial fishing gear. If it eventually gets lost in the water environment, this material can degrade on a realistic time scale,” said lead researcher Bryce Lipinski, professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Cornell University. “This material could effectively reduce persistent plastic accumulation in the environment.”
Commercial fishing contributes to about half of all floating plastic waste that ends up in the oceans. Fishing nets and ropes are primarily made from three kinds of polymers, none of which easily degrade. “While research of degradable plastics has received much attention in recent years,” Lipinski said, “obtaining a material with a mechanical strength comparable to commercial plastic remains a difficult challenge.”
Coates and his research team have spent the past 15 years developing the new plastic called isotactic polypropylene oxide, or iPPO. While its original discovery was in 1949, the mechanical strength of this material was unknown before this recent work. The high isotacticity and polymer chain length of their material makes it different from previous plastics and provides its mechanical strength.
Lipinski and other scientists want no race of the polymer to be left in the environment. He notes there is precedent (先例) for the biodegradation of small chains of iPPO which could effectively make it disappear and ongoing efforts aim to prove this.
1. What is the feature about the new polymer?| A．It can solve the problem of plastic consumption. |
| B．It can degrade plastic waste in the sea water. |
| C．It has been developed to solve plastic pollution. |
| D．It has been developed to lower fishing costs. |
| A．It requires great effort to invent the new plastic. |
| B．Fishing should be forbidden in the sea. |
| C．Fishing nets and ropes are not the major pollution source. |
| D．Degradable plastics were not paid attention to until recent years. |
| A．Its original discovery. | B．Its mechanical properties. |
| C．Its complex structure. | D．Its mechanical strength. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Promising. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Disapproval. |
【推荐2】It used to be mostly the army that used small, unpiloted aircraft, called “drones”. The little planes were very costly. But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them.
The fast rate of development of computer technology, image sensing equipment, satellite navigation and smart phones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less costly drones. Nowadays, moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore ancient buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are also using them to watch over their crops.
Romain Faroux is a French businessman, whose father was a farmer. He believed drones could help farmers. He has helped create a company which has developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. It’s called “Agridrone”. It uses a special sensor to examine crops. The technology used on the drone is similar to that used on a smartphone -- except it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored “bands” of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is another farmer in France who is using a drone. He says the drone flies over his crops at different times of the season and provides a lot of information about his crops. The pictures taken by the drone show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly where the fertilizer is needed.
Romain Faroux says farmers use information provided by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it is needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares (英亩) in about a minute.
1. Why do rescue workers and farmers begin to use drones?| A．Because they are affordable now. |
| B．Because their sizes have become smaller. |
| C．Because they can save people a lot of time. |
| D．Because the technology has been developed. |
| A．Helping the sunlight shine on the crops. |
| B．Directing the wings to fly over the crops. |
| C．Examining the different colors of the crops. |
| D．Recording the sunlight “bands” reflected off the crops. |
| A．A smartphone. | B．A sensor. |
| C．A drone. | D．A band. |
| A．Crops will be harvested by drones soon. |
| B．Drones will be widely used in different fields. |
| C．French farmers use drones to examine their crops. |
| D．Farmers develop special drones for their crops. |
【推荐3】Back in the 1980s, Motorola introduced the first cell phones to public. They were very large compared to most phones of today. Given the heavy weight of the early phones, which was about 2 pounds (0.91kg), their considerable size, and rectangular shape, they earned the amusing name “brick phone.”
The brick phone was a major status symbol corresponding to the tendency toward prominent consumption that marked the decade. Unfortunately, it was nowhere near as convenient as present cell phone models. For the money people paid, they got 30 minutes of talking time before recharging the phone was necessary, and carrying around a heavy phone that was 8 inches (20.32 cm) long and about 2 inches wide (5.08 cm) was no picnic for some early users.
While some view the old-fashioned cell phone as a clunky nouveau riche and unfortunate parent of the modern cell phone, others regard it with affection. A nice, big phone that is easy to find, unlike the very small modern cell that is often easy to lose, may be regarded as a useful alternative. This sentiment has led some companies to reinvent the brick phone. One advantage with a modern brick cell is it may hold a much longer charge than the standard cell since it accommodates a larger and more powerful battery. As mentioned, some are particularly interested in this style because they want a good-sized home phone after they’ve abandoned a landline, which is becoming common practice. A longer charge might make a phone more attractive for home use.
The chances are that brick phones will remain mostly a novelty purchase because most people prefer the convenience of much smaller phones. Nevertheless, the sight of a brick in use today, even if a copy, is still likely to cause comment or memories. Whether these memories are mostly fond or rather snide, it can certainly be said that this phone was a symbol and part of the reason why so many people carry cell phones today.
1. What feature does the name “brick phone” reflect?| A．Its function. | B．Its appearance. | C．Its technology. | D．Its price. |
| A．The brick phone has some drawbacks. |
| B．The brick phone stands for high status. |
| C．People pursued a high-level consumption in the past. |
| D．The battery of the brick phone can only last 30 minutes. |
| A．It has a good size. | B．It has some new features. |
| C．It is cheaper than other phones. | D．It can be used for a longer time. |
| A．Valuable. | B．Unfavorable. | C．Amusing. | D．Vivid. |
【推荐1】Billy Ragsdale was 23 years old when they invaded the island of Saipan in June 1944 during the Pacific Theater of World War II. Almost a year later, his wife, Eloise, was informed that her husband lost his life. Billy had no children, and left behind his wife of three years, mother, brother and two sisters. Now, 78 years later, and thanks to DNA testing, Billy is home.
Billy was one of about a hundred unidentified soldiers buried in a military cemetery in the Philippines after the battle. Five years after the invasion, the American Graves Registration Service (AGRS) disinterred (掘出) the remains on Saipan in an effort to recover missing American marines (海军陆战队员). But Billy was not identified and he was considered as non-recoverable.
In January 2020, remains marked as “Unknown X-6” were disinterred from the cemetery and taken to a lab in Hawaii. The remains, they thought, had a good chance of being identified now with advances in technology. That’s when Waggener got a call from the Marines.
“They got my name and asked if I’d be willing to do a DNA test,” Waggener said. With his DNA, and that of a cousin, the lab positively identified the unknown remains as belonging to Billy. “They asked if we’d accept the remains and of course we said yes,” Waggener said. “It means the world to bring him home and bury him next to his family.”
Bringing Billy home was the first goal. The second was burying him close to family in a plot of land, almost all of which has been sold out for decades. The second goal might be out of reach.
And yet, it’s as if one of those unsold plots has been waiting for Billy for 78 years. Next to a large shade tree in the cemetery, Billy’s mother, Harriett, and father, William, rest. In front of them are Charlotte, their eldest daughter, and Mary Jane, their youngest. To Charlotte’s right will be Billy, reunited with his family once again.
1. Why did AGRS dig the remains out of the military cemetery in the Philippines?| A．To identify the soldiers buried there. |
| B．To bring the remains back to America. |
| C．To find the remains marked as “UnknownX-6”. |
| D．To count the number of marines killed in the battle. |
| A．to invite him to Hawaii | B．to ask him to do a DNA test |
| C．to purchase a plot of land for Billy | D．to bring back Billy’s remains back home |
| A．He died at the age of 23 years old. |
| B．His remains returned to America in 2022. |
| C．He lost his life in the invasion of the island of Saipan. |
| D．He was the only unidentified marine at the beginning. |
| A．The remains of an American marine returned home. |
| B．DNA technology found its use in identifying remains. |
| C．How AGRS recovered soldiers’ remains in World War II. |
| D．Billy’s dream of being reunited with his family came true. |
【推荐2】Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals. Europe’s biggest online takeaway food company Just Eat has partnered with Starship Technologies to deliver food with robots on the streets of London later this month. “Nobody has ever done deliveries with land-based robots,” said Allan Martinson, the chief operating officer of Starship.
The robot courier can travel up to 4 miles per hour for about 10 miles. It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate (确定方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier. “Put the code in, the robot opens up, and there’s your food,” said David Buttress, chief manager of Just Eat.
The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs £ 1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the £3 to £6 it costs for a human courier. To date 30 robots have driven nearly 5,000 miles without getting into an accident or finding themselves picked on by passers-by. They have driven in more than 40 cities around the world, including London and Tallinn, Estonia.
An initial worry was how the public would react to robots. But Martinson said the public has been calm when passing the delivery machine on the streets. “The most surprising reaction has been the lack of reaction,” said Martinson.
Another significant fear was that people would disrupt (扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents. To prevent this, the robot is fitted with nine cameras, two way audio, and movement sensors that send a warning if it is lifted off the ground. And it opens only with a passcode provided to the customer via a notification. “It’s much easier to shoplift than it is to steal a robot,” said Martinson.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 2?| A．deliverer | B．collector |
| C．provider | D．guide |
| A．opens up upon hearing the code |
| B．travels 10 miles per hour at most |
| C．finds its way by means of GPS and cameras |
| D．sends a message to the customer upon arrival |
| A．Safety of the robot delivery. |
| B．Accuracy of the robot delivery |
| C．Peoples indifference to the robots. |
| D．People’s concern about public traffic. |
| A．Great Improvement of Just Eat |
| B．Global Trend of Food Companies |
| C．New Robots to Move on the road |
| D．Delivery Robots to Replace Takeaway Drivers |
【推荐3】Members of the family of Spanish artist Pablo Picasso are selling more than 1,000 digital art pieces of one of his sculptures (雕塑).
Picasso’s granddaughter, Marina Picasso, and her son Florian Picasso showed the media some of the art pieces in their ho me in Geneva, Switzerland. They say the digital pieces are a mix of old fine art and digital work. The Picassos want to achieve economic benefits from the recent interest in NFTs, or non-fungible tokens. NFTs are a kind of digital art that gained popularity in 2021.
Sales of NFTs have made millions of dollars. But they have been criticized (批评) as damage to the environment and as methods of making money. But a Picasso artwork would mark a change for NFTs, his family said.
NFTs are based on a technology called blockchain (区块链), which is also used with digital money known as cryptocurrencies (加密币). An NFT can be attached to a piece of digital art or other things existing in digital form. The NFT is meant to prove that the digital objects are real. While anyone can see the work, the buyer has the official ownership rights.
“We’re trying to build a ligament between the NFT world and the fine art world,” said Florian Picasso, the artist’s great-grandson.
The artist’s family is keeping images of the piece mostly private. They are only showing a small part of the work. It is a ceramic (陶瓷) piece the size of a large bowl. The parts that have been shown have a thick yellow line and areas of green.
Florian Picasso said the family agreed on the colorful ceramic piece because it was “a fun one” to start with. The family and its business managers say the goa is to create a younger community of Picasso fans.
1. Why do the Picassos create digital works of Picasso according to the first two paragraphs?| A．To make money from them. |
| B．To promote a new art form. |
| C．To make Picasso more popular. |
| D．To make Picasso’s artworks take on a new appearance. |
| A．They are both popular. | B．They have the same value. |
| C．They use the same technology. | D．They are both attached to arts. |
| A．Wall. | B．Room. | C．Market. | D．Bridge. |
| A．It is the most popular among young people. |
| B．It is not suitable for making digital images. |
| C．It has never been completely shown to the public. |
| D．It is the most interesting of all the works of Picasso. |
【推荐1】Nearly twenty years have passed since China launched the first Beidou satellite in 2000. In that time more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit(轨道), forming the Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS, 北斗卫星导航系统). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging services for people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region(区域).
At the end of 2018, BDS started to provide global services. “This marked Beidou’s entering a ‘global era’ from its ‘regional era’, ” BDS Spokesman Ran Chengqi said at a news conference.
Now with two more Beidou satellites launched on Dec.16th, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit－more than US government’s Global Positioning System(GPS), which has 31 active satellites. That launch means the core(核心) of Beidou’s third-generation network is now in place. It is expected to greatly improve the system’s ability to serve users worldwide.
A signal receiver on Earth－your smart phone, for example, measures its distance from at least three satellites by recording the amount of time it takes to receive their signals. Then it can calculate(计算) its location. With so many satellites, BDS can provide a more accurate(精确的) calculation. While GPS calculates locations to within a few meters, BDS reduces the error to centimeters. This high-precision(高精确度的) service is useful for land surveying, mapping, agriculture and automated driving.
China is willing to share BDS with the world. According to Ran, BDS products have been exported(出口) to more than 120 countries and regions. “The Beidou system will always stick to the development idea of ‘China’s Beidou, the world’s Beidou and the first-class Beidou ’, serving the world and benefiting mankind,” Ran told reporters after the latest launch. He added that future plans call for a smarter and more accessible(易使用的) system with Beidou as its core, to come online by 2035.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?| A．BDS is only used in China. | B．GPS has more satellites than BDS. |
| C．BDS develops step by step. | D．The first Beidou satellite provided global services. |
| A．how BDS works | B．what BDS is |
| C．why people prefer BDS | D．how the signal is received |
| A．The system is expected to improve in the future. | B．BDS is perfect at present. |
| C．Other countries refuse to use BDS. | D．It is challenging to export BDS products. |
| A．BDS or GPS? | B．China’s Beidou, the world’s Beidou! |
| C．Advance with the world! | D．Prepare for future! |
【推荐2】Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo. Artibo is small. Its brain, or AI block, is a cube (立方体）that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it's about four inches tall.
Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo’s designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based AI, it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie(对讲 机).It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!
Artibo isn’t quite ready for stores yet, though. It’s part of a crowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.
Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new. LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998. Since then, programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.
Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas ( 画 布 ）of a computer screen. Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu, link them together, and watch how your robot responds. In Artibo’s case coding doesn’t stop there. Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won’t lose interest in Artibo.
1. According to the passage, the purpose of developing Artibo is .| A．helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship |
| B．providing a robot that can move, accompany and help people learn coding |
| C．chatting with people, telling bedtime stories and supplying languages |
| D．helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots |
| A．Programming robots is not really complicated. |
| B．Programming robots is advanced like a rocket. |
| C．Programming robots can be used in smartphones. |
| D．Programming robots used in toys is not new at all. |
| A．People can program various orders even without code blocks. |
| B．Anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys. |
| C．The more familiar you’re with coding, the more you’ll like Artibo. |
| D．Artibo is popular in the world especially among young people. |
【推荐3】Whether you admit it or not, people’s love for Christmas Jumper (毛衣) around Christmas has increased over recent years. And while you may be less willing to get involved in the Christmas jumper trend, Christmas Jumper Day now enables you to do more with your jumper than build up sweat in an incredibly warm office.
The origin of the Christmas jumper can date back to the late 19th century in the USA. Americans in the 1930s knitted(编织) for Christmas to create an item of clothing to keep them “warm” during the Great Depression when people led a poor and miserable life. They copied the jumpers they saw their favorite stars wearing on the big screen. From the 1950s, it was common to see American families wearing festive jumpers as they sat down to eat their Christmas dinner.
Now, alongside wearing a festive jumper for the fun of it, there are other positive outcomes. Christmas Jumper Day has been set up to stimulate people to make the world better and raise funds for Save the Children by wearing a Christmas jumper and making a minimum donation of￡1. Ladbrokes, a company in the UK, is running a competition in which all you have to do is to take a selfie (自拍) outside of one of their shops while wearing a jumper — the winner will win a good prize and for every submission. Ladbrokes will donate￡5 to St. Luke’s Hospice charity. For you, it’s a win-win situation.
If you’re still unconvinced that it’s about time you bought yourself a Christmas jumper, then maybe the fact that Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Snoop Dogg have all been spotted wearing Christmas jumpers will raise your enthusiasm. Retailer (零售商) such as Topshop, Burberry and H&M have also become devoted to Christmas Jumper Day and have their very own types of Christmas jumpers.
1. Which statement is true according to paragraph 1?| A．Wearing Christmas jumpers in the office has been a trend. |
| B．Wearing Christmas jumpers can make you incredibly warm. |
| C．Christmas jumpers have gained huge popularity. |
| D．Christmas jumpers serve many functions. |
| A．To protect them from cold weather. | B．To lift their spirits. |
| C．To follow the stars. | D．To form a tradition. |
| A．demand | B．advise |
| C．encourage | D．persuade |
| A．To ask people to donate Christmas jumpers. |
| B．To show the importance of Christmas Jumper Day. |
| C．To prove Christmas jumpers are popular among stars. |
| D．To persuade readers to buy a Christmas jumper. |
【推荐1】Anyone caring about their health will be able to speak out a few of the major vitamins, and possibly take an educated guess at what they do. Vitamin C, found in oranges and other fruit and vegetables, is important for wound repair. And the much-talked-about “sunshine” vitamin D, produced by the skin in response to UV light, is essential for strong bones.
But what about vitamin P? It might well have you scratching your head. And that's not surprising: the term was first coined in the 1930s to describe a small group of compounds that provide pigment (天然色素) to plants, and were believed to have health benefits. A century later, these compounds are now better known as flavonoids (类黄酮)．
Today, scientists have identified between 4,000 and 6,000 different kinds and we now know they are responsible for many of the flavors and smells of fruit and vegetables and also that they protect them from invaders such as pests and bacteria.
They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen (胶原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.
They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation (氧化), a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and defective. That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.
1. What do we know about vitamin P?| A．We would scratch our head if we took it. |
| B．It refers to the compounds also called flavonoids. |
| C．It was made into a coin in the 1930s. |
| D．People didn't think it beneficial in the past. |
| A．Helping maintain bones and teeth. |
| B．Assisting in producing protein collagen. |
| C．Accelerating the circulation of the blood. |
| D．Aiding the body to handle the main factors of illness. |
| A．Harmful. | B．Discouraged. |
| C．Vague. | D．Deficient. |
| A．By fighting against oxidation. | B．By maintaining bones. |
| C．By strengthening muscles. | D．By protecting against chronic diseases. |
【推荐2】For 63 percent of Americans, coffee is one of their daily essentials. This number has been this high since 2017, according to the National Coffee Association. The rise of coffee is due to its numerous benefits like preventing DNA damage, but it works best if you do this simple thing first: Eat.
“Drinking coffee on an empty stomach, or early in the morning before you’ve had breakfast, can raise the level of cortisol (皮质醇) in your body. From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, your body starts releasing cortisol. It’s a hormone (激素) that’s responsible for ruling your immune response, metabolism (新陈代谢), and stress response,” says Dr. Nikola Djordjevic, MD.
“If you pump your body with caffeine(咖啡因) when your cortisol is at its peak,” Djordjevic says, “you’ll be forcing your body to bear even more stress.” In a study that evaluated preference for caffeinated drinks among medical students, it’s shown that 25 percent of students drank coffee in the morning on an empty stomach.
These students are at an increased risk of mood changes and possible long-term effects on their health, as explained in the study. “Drinking coffee on an empty stomach can greatly encourage the acid in your stomach, producing a more acidic environment,” says Dr. Jamie Long, a licensed clinical psychologist. Thus, a full stomach is important to control the amount of stomach acid produced.
Since coffee increases your stomach acid, you’re highly likely to experience heartburn and even develop gastric ulcers (胃溃疡), Djordjevic says. Clearly, drinking coffee on an empty stomach affects physical health. But it does harm to mental health, too. The overproduction of acid in the stomach can cause mood swings, nervousness, shaking and other withdrawal symptoms (症状). “And if you’ve already had the sign of experiencing anxiety, you’re even more possible to be attacked by the effects of coffee,” says Long.
Base line: Know your limits so you can fully experience what coffee can offer, because here’s exactly what happens to your body when you drink coffee daily.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to？| A．The coffee. | B．The DNA damage. |
| C．The stomach. | D．The National Coffee Association. |
| A．It can help to reduce our stress. |
| B．It will slow down our metabolism. |
| C．It might contain some kind of hormone. |
| D．It may increase the cortisol in our bodies. |
| A．Cortisol in the body is at a high level in the morning. |
| B．75 percent of the medical students dislike coffee. |
| C．Medical students usually suffer more stress. |
| D．Most people drink coffee in the afternoon. |
| A．be good for our hearts | B．make us feel less hungry |
| C．relieve our nervousness and anxiety | D．harm our physical and mental health |
| A．Why so many Americans are coffee lovers. |
| B．What you can do to keep your stomach healthy. |
| C．Why you shouldn’t drink coffee on an empty stomach. |
| D．How you can control the level of cortisol in your body. |
Wilentz said the country needs change．“Even though I will not be old enough to vote in the next presidential election，my voice matters.” Wilentz said.“Discussions I may have with my peers, debates with teachers and communication with my parents allow me to be heard and give my opinions meaning．”
Jean，a former vote director，said teenagers should be paying attention to the presidential election because many high school students will be of voting age by election time．She said candidates have views and positions on certain topics that may affect teens’lives．
Ohayon is concerned about issues that younger Americans face，such as the cost of college education．Ohayon said，“It is my responsibility to try to persuade my parents and other adults to concern themselves with the issues important to the younger generation while voting．”
Jean said teenagers can also influence the election in other ways by getting involved in campaigns．She suggests that teenagers who actually believe in one of the candidates find the local offices for a campaign and volunteer．Campaign volunteers arrange materials，wave signs and go into neighborhoods to drop off brochures and try to get the word out．
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．The USA needs some changes． |
| B．Teenagers make the final decision． |
| C．U．S．Presidential election approaches． |
| D．Teenagers show interest in election． |
| A．Teens are old enough to vote． |
| B．Debates help teens’views heard． |
| C．Parents should consider kids’views． |
| D．Candidates’views may affect teens’lives． |
| A．One against increasing income tax． |
| B．One for improving campus security． |
| C．One against lowering university fees． |
| D．One for lowering unemployment rate． |
| A．By voting for a candidate． |
| B．By volunteering in campaigns． |
| C．By fighting for rights to vote． |
| D．By taking lead in the election． |
