November 5 is World Tsunami(海啸) Awareness Day. Tsunami is a Japanese word for a long, destructive(摧毁性的) ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. The goal of the anniversary is to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the future. Two tsunamis in the last 15 years have changed the way people around the world think about these destructive events.
On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the coast of Indonesia caused tsunami waves that struck the coasts of four countries. An estimated(估计的) 230,000 people died and costs were in the billions of dollars. Then, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck northeastern Japan. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in that country. More than 18,000 people died. The tsunami also caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power center on the island of Honshu. Several nuclear reactors(核 反应堆) were severely(严重地) damaged and leaked(泄漏) radiation(辐射).
The two events caused people in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas to study and improve preparedness for disasters. This led to the SendaiFrameworkfor DisasterRiskReductionin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effort to raise awareness(提高意识) about disaster risks and to urge(催促) countries to assess(评估)how well they were prepared for them.
Willem Rampangilei is head of the Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia. He said Indonesia passed a law on disaster management after the 2004 tsunami. It led in 2008 to the creation of his agency. “Our responsibilities include reduction and preparedness, emergency response, as well as post-disaster recovery and reconstruction(重新建设),” he said. He added that 150 million Indonesians were at risk from earthquakes, 60 million from floods and four million from tsunamis.
Preparedness has spread beyond Asia. There are now early warning systems in place for the Caribbean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding(周围的) areas.
1. What does the underlined word mean in the passage?A.Knowledge. | B.Preparation. | C.Day of remembrance. | D.Change. |
A.Natural disasters are too powerful for people to survive. |
B.Earthquakes and tsunamis often take place on islands. |
C.Nuclear reactors can be safe even if damaged in an earthquake. |
D.Natural disasters can cause great losses to humans. |
A.to reduce the damage caused by disasters. | B.to make people know more about disaster risks. |
C.to help people get away from disasters. | D.to help with the reconstruction after the disaster. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】On January 15th, an underwater volcano erupted (爆发) violently in Tonga, an island nation in the South Pacific. It was among the world’s largest volcanic eruptions in the past 30 years, said New Zealand volcano expert Shane Cronin.
The explosion of the eruption was heard more than 2, 000 kilometers away, in New Zealand, and changes in air pressure were felt in the southeastern coast of China, Japan, and even on the west coast of the United States.
The eruption lasted 10 minutes and sent a huge mushroom cloud of smoke and gas 20 kilometers into the air. Rock dust and ash fell from the sky in the Tonga capital, Nuku’alofa, and phone connections were down and the whole city was cut off.
A 50-feet-high tsunami (海啸) was produced across the Pacific Ocean and hit Hawaii, Japan, and Nuku’alofa. The tsunami surprised scientists because most were caused by large, undersea earthquakes that spread across large areas. However, the Tonga eruption was only one small area in the ocean.
So why was the eruption so big? __________
Most people think of mountains when they think of volcanoes. But not every mountain is a volcano. A volcano is simply the opening in the earth from which the magma (岩浆) escapes. Magma is the melted (熔化的) rock deep down the earth. When the magma is under enough pressure, it breaks out to the surface through cracks (裂缝). These cracks are volcanoes. When the hot magma cools, it builds up on the surface of the earth. Over thousands of years, it can grow very, very big. For example, the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is a volcano. It rises more than 16, 000 feet above the ground around it.
Shane Cronin said the eruption in Tonga may be driven by a plate (板块) movement, which made the magma inside under huge pressure. The main part of the volcano is about 200 meters below the sea. When it exploded, sea water got in and it turned to steam (水蒸气). This added to the energy of the explosion. The volcano was in fact two combined together by the ashes from 2014 eruption. so the explosion seemed doubled when the below part collapsed during the plate movement.
1. The eruption led to the problems EXCEPT __________.A.changing the air pressure in some cities of USA | B.making people in Nuku’alofa lose phone connection |
C.causing an earthquake in Tonga’s capital city | D.causing a high wave around Hawaii island |
A.Before that, you should know what a volcano is. |
B.If you know where Tonga is, the answer will be easy. |
C.The main reasons can be found in other volcano eruptions. |
D.The volcano is one of the most frightening things of nature. |
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
A.The Damage and Causes of Tonga Volcano Eruption |
B.Tonga Volcano Eruption Led to Air Pressure Change |
C.Tonga Volcano Eruption Teaches a Lesson on Environment |
D.The Huge Influence of Tonga Volcano Eruption on Environment |
【推荐2】Sara was sitting on the sofa and thinking about her birthday party. Because of the terrible storm, her parents decided to have the party next weekend. Sara didn’t understand why. They didn’t live near the ocean.
“Sara, you can’t sit there all day,” her mother said. “We’ll have your party next weekend.”
“It’s not the same. My birthday is today, not next weekend.” Sara turned on the TV. She wanted to watch anything that wasn’t about the storm. But just about every station was talking about it. “I can’t even watch my favorite shows. This storm is ruining(毁灭)everything.” Her mother sat down next to her. “The storm is ruining a lot. Look at that. Those people are trying to save their houses. Could you imagine if we lost our home?”
Sara looked at what was happening on TV. The storm did look bad. She knew she’d be really sad if her family lost their home. “What’s going to happen to all those people? Will they be okay?” asked Sara. “Usually when there’s a big storm like this, people raise money and send food and other things to the homeless families. Some people even help rebuild houses.” “I want to help, too, ” said Sara. “Maybe I could give my birthday money away. Those people are going to need it more than me. ”
Her mother smiled. “I’m really proud of you, Sara. Helping others is a great way to weather(经受住)the storm. ”
1. Which word best describes Sara at the beginning of the story?A.Excited. | B.Unhappy. | C.Worried. | D.Surprised. |
A.Sara and her family lived near the ocean. |
B.Sara and her family nearly lost their home. |
C.Sara learned the storm was really bad from TV. |
D.Sara watched her favorite shows on her birthday. |
A.give her birthday money away |
B.send food to the homeless families |
C.help the homeless people rebuild houses |
D.invite the homeless people to her birthday party |
A.A Terrible Experience | B.Having a Birthday Party |
C.A Special Present | D.Weathering the Storm |
Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates (蒸发)into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles(圆圈)and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has two parts, one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November this year, Typhoon Haiyan killed 5500 people in Philippines. More people are missing.
What to do when a typhoon hits?
Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
Listen to the radio or TV for important information.
If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
1. This passage is most probably from .
A.an advertisement of a typhoon | B.a travel record |
C.a weather report | D.a science magazine |
A.in the hot season | B.in the cold season | C.only in China | D.under the sea |
a. The wind moves fast enough, a typhoon starts.
b. The air moves quickly, making wind.
c. The sun makes sea water hot.
d. The air gets warmer.
A.d-c-b-a | B.c-d-b-a | C.c-d-a-b | D.d-b-a-c |
A.The warmer the air gets, the slower the wind moves. |
B.5500 people died because of Typhoon Haiyan around the world. |
C.The strongest winds and hardest rains are in the wall of clouds. |
D.A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second. |
A.close all the windows |
B.listen to typhoon news |
C.stay inside the strong house |
D.go outside to find a safer place |
【推荐1】
Resting my head on Helen’s shoulder, I put my arms round her waist (腰). We sat together and rested quietly.
We had not sat long before another person came in.
There were no heavy clouds in the sky any more, and the moon became bright; and her light, coming in through a window near, shone full both on us and on the coming person, Miss Temple.
“I came to find you, Jane Eyre,” said she. “I want you in my room, and as Helen is with you, she may come too.”
We followed Miss Temple to her room. It had a good fire, and looked cheerful. Miss Temple told Helen to take a seat in a low arm-chair on one side of the fire place, and herself taking another, she called me to her side.
“Is it all over?” she asked, looking down at my face. “Do you cry your sadness away?”
“I am afraid I shall never do that.”
“Why?”
“Because someone wrongly accused me, and you and everybody else, will now think me a bad girl.”
“We shall think you what you prove (证明) yourself to be, my child. Keep acting as a good girl, and you will make us happy.”
“Shall I, Miss Temple?”
“You will.” said Miss Temple, “You were accused of telling lies a lot when you were little. Tell us the truth (真相), but add nothing.”
I decided that I would be most honest and most correct. Thinking for a few minutes about where to start, I told Miss Temple, my teacher, all the story of my sad childhood.
—Adapted from Jane Eyle
1. What does the underlined paragraph imply (暗示)?A.Miss Temple didn’t believe Jane. | B.Helen would make friends with Jane. |
C.Nothing could make Jane happy again. | D.Jane’s luck might change for the better. |
A.Lin Tao got full marks in the math exam and his parents ________ him. |
B.I asked my teacher for help with my English and he ________ me a lot. |
C.Sandy often made mistakes and her parents ________ her for her carelessness. |
D.The old man ________ my cousin because she helped him walk across the street. |
a. Miss Temple advised Jane to keep acting as a good girl.
b. Jane told Miss Temple about her sad childhood.
c. Jane and Helen sat together and rested quietly.
d. Miss Temple invited Jane and Helen to her room.
A.a-c-d-b | B.c-d-a-b | C.d-c-a-b | D.b-a-c-d |
A.She chose to trust Miss Temple. | B.She didn’t worry about being accused. |
C.She made up (编造) her childhood story. | D.She once acted as a bad girl. |
A.Two good friends | B.A caring teacher | C.A sad childhood | D.A special gift |
【推荐2】
A young man jumped off a bridge to save a woman who fell into the river earlier this month in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He was awarded a second-class merit citation (表彰) on Sunday.
The honor is the highest that the Hangzhou government gives to people who have acted bravely without considering their own lives. Peng Qinglin received the award certificate on his hospital bed.
Peng Qinglin, a 31-year-old deliveryman from Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, was delivering (递送) his first order of the day on June 13 along Xixing Bridge, when he heard a call for help. In no time, Peng jumped off the 12-meter-high bridge over Qiantang River, before swimming to the drowning woman in the river and dragging (拖) her to safety. Peng was later taken to the hospital and was found a fracture (骨折) in his spine.
Peng’s story is quite touching, and people all over Hangzhou have been singing his praises for his jump at that moment. Also, Peng’s story has been widely spread throughout China.
“I watched the video,” one netizen (网民) from Guangdong Province said. “Although he felt fear of the height, he bravely jumped into the river to save the woman. What a great hero he is!” However, Peng said, “There are many heroes we don’t know in Hangzhou. I just happened to be the one who got noticed.”
According to official policies, people like Peng who are awarded a second-class or above merit citation are able to enjoy preferential (优惠的) healthcare treatment in Hangzhou, and they can apply to become a citizen of the city.
In addition, the delivery company that Peng works for gave him a cash award of 50,000 yuan as well as the chance to study in college for free.
1. Who is Peng Qinglin?A.A 31-year-old doctor. |
B.A young college student. |
C.A deliveryman from Hunan Province. |
A. | B. | C. |
①Peng received the award certificate in hospital.
②Peng jumped off the bridge bravely.
③Peng began to send his order of the day.
④Peng heard a call for help.
A.①-④-②-③ | B.②-④-①-③ | C.③-④-②-① |
A.Work hard in order to live a better life. |
B.Give a helping hand when others need it. |
C.Face the problems of the society bravely. |
46 Jimmy is an American traveler. After playing Ping pong, he wants to drink some beer(啤酒)with his friends. And they like to eat in a Chinese restaurant. 47John likes swimming and his wife likes shopping. They also want to live in a place with lots of flowers. 48Joe has to take the first flight(航班)early tomorrow morning, so he just wants to stay at his room and watch some TV programs. 49Jane and his husband are British. They would like to enjoy sunshine and the beautiful sea. 50 Jenny is a Japanese traveler. She likes shopping in the city. | A. Tian Yuan Hotel Green local food, swimming pool, close to the bus station B. Ge Lin Hotel Close to the airport(机场), telephone, bath, and TV C. Sun Hotel Western restaurant, coffee shop, facing the south and the blue sea D. Chang Jiang Hotel Chinese and Japanese restaurant, night club, shops on both sides of the street in the city center. E. Jin Sha Hotel Swimming pool, shops and supermarkets, large garden with flowers F. Great Wall Hotel Table tennis room, bar, swimming pool and Chinese restaurant G. Pacific Hotel British restaurant, bar, close to the city center |
2.
3.
4.
5.
If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important points to remember about rate or speed of reading:
1 Knowing why you are reading-what you are reading to find out-will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly.
2 Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are directions tor making or doing something; arithmetic problems, science and history books, which are full of important information. You must read such things slowly to remember each important stop and understand each important idea.
3Some things should be read rapidly throughout. Examples are simple stories for enjoyment, news, letters from friends, items or bits of news from local or hometown paper, telling what is happening to friends and neighbors.
4 In some of your readings, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along. You will need to read certain pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas which should be remembered.
1. According to this passage you must pay attention to _________.A.the rate of reading | B.the speed of reading |
C.what and why you read | D.what you are reading |
A.rapidly throughout | B.slowly throughout |
C.carefully throughout | D.from fast to slow |
A.rapidly throughout | B.slowly throughout |
C.slowly at the beginning | D.rapidly at the beginning |
A.Novels and letters | B.Examples and evidences |
C.Newspapers and magazines | D.Things of important information |
A.change speed of reading | B.fit our speed to our needs |
C.be better readers | D.remember the important ideas |
In the US,some students can watch 3D films in many lessons,such as maths,science and geometry(几何) lessons. The 3D lessons show a special world to the students. They can help students understand the knowledge better. These classes turn learning into an adventure (冒险).Students can remember the knowledge easily.
The students like 3D lessons very much. They say,“ It’s easy to learn,because you can remember all the things in the movies,and it’s fun to learn.”
1. The students in the US can watch 3D films in lessons according to the passage.
A.history | B.Chinese |
C.geometry | D.English |
A.游戏 | B.电影 | C.知识 | D.剧本 |
A.difficult and boring | B.easy and fun |
C.hard and boring | D.bad but fun |
A.3D Movies in the US | B.3D Lessons in the US |
C.Movies about Different Lessons | D.An Exciting Adventure |
【推荐3】There was a farmer who lost his watch in his barn (谷仓). The watch had great value to him. After searching in the dry grass for a long while, he gave up and asked a group of children who were playing outside the barn to help him look for it.
The farmer promised them that whoever found the watch would be rewarded (奖励). Hearing this, the children hurried inside the barn and searched the whole place. But none of them could find the watch. Just when the farmer was about to give up, a little boy went up to him and asked to be given another chance. The farmer looked at him and thought, “Why not? After all, this kid looks sincere enough?”
So the farmer sent the little boy back in the barn. After a while, the little boy came out with the watch in his hand! The farmer was both happy and surprised. He asked the boy how he succeeded while the rest of them had failed.
The boy replied, “I did nothing but sit on the ground and listen. In the silence, I heard the ticking of the watch and just looked for it in that direction.”
A peaceful mind can think better than a restless (浮躁的) mind. Give yourself a few minutes of silence every day and see how it can make your life a bit easier and happier.
判断句子正(T)误(F)1. The farmer’s valuable watch was missing in the barn.
2. The children hurried inside the barn to play games.
3. The little boy found the watch by following the ticking sound of the watch without any noise.
4. The farmer rewarded the little boy with the watch in the end.
5. The story teaches us that silence sometimes can be powerful.
【推荐1】That cold January night, it seemed I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater. With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.
As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away any possible robbers. Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets.
About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see some someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk.
Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.
Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? the door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.
It was nearly 3a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that the writer was busy ________.A.solving her problem at the bank | B.taking part in different city jobs |
C.learning acting in an evening school | D.preparing for the first night show |
A.because robber ran behind her | B.to keep warm |
C.to escape from strangers | D.to memorize the lines |
A.lost her wallet unknowingly |
B.was stopped by a garbage truck driver |
C.was robbed of her wallet by a man with a knife |
D.found some homeless people following her |
A.Someone offered to take her back home. | B.A red-haired man came to see her. |
C.She heard someone call her name. | D.Her wallet was found in a garbage truck. |
A.stop working at night | B.stay on in San Francisco |
C.make friends with cleaners | D.give up her job at the bank |
【推荐2】A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. "I think half of them fell off their chairs," Gerner says.
Gerner manages school facilities for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes (样品); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. "One of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation(朝向), Mark McGinty, a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. "You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool."
Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. "I don't believe in the new green religion," Gerner says. "Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work." But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. "You never know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science." he says.
1. How did the architects react to Gerner's design requirements?A.They lost balance in excitement. | B.They showed strong disbelief. |
C.They expressed little interest | D.They burst into cheers. |
A.Assessment—Prototype—Design—Construction. |
B.Assessment—Design—Prototype—Construction. |
C.Design—Assessment—Prototype—Construction. |
D.Design—Prototype—Assessment—Construction. |
A.The large size | B.Limited facilities | C.The desert climate. | D.Poor natural resources. |
A.They are questionable | B.They are out of date. | C.They are advanced. | D.They are practical |
【推荐3】It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist
Who is a scientist and what is his job? A chemist doing experiments? A geologist out studying rocks? When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures (治疗方法)for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work.
Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery.
Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done? How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible?
Researchers publish their work in scientific journals(期刊).These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process.
Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal written for—and reviewed by young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an experts young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understands make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done and check whether the figures (数据)clearly explain the point of the article.
Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.What is required to be a good scientist. |
B.Who should understand a scientist’s job. |
C.Why sharing the results of scientific work is important. |
D.How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct. |
A.scientists are good at working together with others |
B.young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals |
C.in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers |
D.young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable |
A.To introduce how scientists do their jobs. |
B.To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions. |
C.To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals. |
D.To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists. |