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题型:阅读理解-单选 难度:0.4 引用次数:35 题号:9361412

November 5 is World Tsunami(海啸) Awareness Day. Tsunami is a Japanese word for a long, destructive(摧毁性的) ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. The goal of the anniversary is to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the future. Two tsunamis in the last 15 years have changed the way people around the world think about these destructive events.

On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the coast of Indonesia caused tsunami waves that struck the coasts of four countries. An estimated(估计的) 230,000 people died and costs were in the billions of dollars. Then, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck northeastern Japan. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in that country. More than 18,000 people died. The tsunami also caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power center on the island of Honshu. Several nuclear reactors(核 反应堆) were severely(严重地) damaged and leaked(泄漏) radiation(辐射).

The two events caused people in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas to study and improve preparedness for disasters. This led to the SendaiFrameworkfor DisasterRiskReductionin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effort to raise awareness(提高意识) about disaster risks and to urge(催促) countries to assess(评估)how well they were prepared for them.

Willem Rampangilei is head of the Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia. He said Indonesia passed a law on disaster management after the 2004 tsunami. It led in 2008 to the creation of his agency. “Our responsibilities include reduction and preparedness, emergency response, as well as post-disaster recovery and reconstruction(重新建设),” he said. He added that 150 million Indonesians were at risk from earthquakes, 60 million from floods and four million from tsunamis.

Preparedness has spread beyond Asia. There are now early warning systems in place for the Caribbean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding(周围的) areas.

1. What does the underlined word mean in the passage?
A.Knowledge.B.Preparation.C.Day of remembrance.D.Change.
2. What do we learn from the second paragraph?
A.Natural disasters are too powerful for people to survive.
B.Earthquakes and tsunamis often take place on islands.
C.Nuclear reactors can be safe even if damaged in an earthquake.
D.Natural disasters can cause great losses to humans.
3. One of the aims of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is .
A.to reduce the damage caused by disasters.B.to make people know more about disaster risks.
C.to help people get away from disasters.D.to help with the reconstruction after the disaster.
19-20九年级上·天津·阶段练习 查看更多[1]

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文章大意:本文主要介绍了南太平洋岛国汤加的一座水下火山爆发带来的影响,分析了此次火山爆发影响之大的原因等。

【推荐1】On January 15th, an underwater volcano erupted (爆发) violently in Tonga, an island nation in the South Pacific. It was among the world’s largest volcanic eruptions in the past 30 years, said New Zealand volcano expert Shane Cronin.

The explosion of the eruption was heard more than 2, 000 kilometers away, in New Zealand, and changes in air pressure were felt in the southeastern coast of China, Japan, and even on the west coast of the United States.

The eruption lasted 10 minutes and sent a huge mushroom cloud of smoke and gas 20 kilometers into the air. Rock dust and ash fell from the sky in the Tonga capital, Nuku’alofa, and phone connections were down and the whole city was cut off.

A 50-feet-high tsunami (海啸) was produced across the Pacific Ocean and hit Hawaii, Japan, and Nuku’alofa. The tsunami surprised scientists because most were caused by large, undersea earthquakes that spread across large areas. However, the Tonga eruption was only one small area in the ocean.

So why was the eruption so big? __________

Most people think of mountains when they think of volcanoes. But not every mountain is a volcano. A volcano is simply the opening in the earth from which the magma (岩浆) escapes. Magma is the melted (熔化的) rock deep down the earth. When the magma is under enough pressure, it breaks out to the surface through cracks (裂缝). These cracks are volcanoes. When the hot magma cools, it builds up on the surface of the earth. Over thousands of years, it can grow very, very big. For example, the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is a volcano. It rises more than 16, 000 feet above the ground around it.

Shane Cronin said the eruption in Tonga may be driven by a plate (板块) movement, which made the magma inside under huge pressure. The main part of the volcano is about 200 meters below the sea. When it exploded, sea water got in and it turned to steam (水蒸气). This added to the energy of the explosion. The volcano was in fact two combined together by the ashes from 2014 eruption. so the explosion seemed doubled when the below part collapsed during the plate movement.

1. The eruption led to the problems EXCEPT __________.
A.changing the air pressure in some cities of USAB.making people in Nuku’alofa lose phone connection
C.causing an earthquake in Tonga’s capital cityD.causing a high wave around Hawaii island
2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the __________.
A.Before that, you should know what a volcano is.
B.If you know where Tonga is, the answer will be easy.
C.The main reasons can be found in other volcano eruptions.
D.The volcano is one of the most frightening things of nature.
3. The structure of the passage may be __________.
A.B.
C.D.
4. The best title for the passage would be _________.
A.The Damage and Causes of Tonga Volcano Eruption
B.Tonga Volcano Eruption Led to Air Pressure Change
C.Tonga Volcano Eruption Teaches a Lesson on Environment
D.The Huge Influence of Tonga Volcano Eruption on Environment
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【推荐2】Sara was sitting on the sofa and thinking about her birthday party. Because of the terrible storm, her parents decided to have the party next weekend. Sara didn’t understand why. They didn’t live near the ocean.

“Sara, you can’t sit there all day,” her mother said. “We’ll have your party next weekend.”

“It’s not the same. My birthday is today, not next weekend.” Sara turned on the TV. She wanted to watch anything that wasn’t about the storm. But just about every station was talking about it.   “I can’t even watch my favorite shows. This storm is ruining(毁灭)everything.” Her mother sat down next to her. “The storm is ruining a lot. Look at that. Those people are trying to save their houses. Could you imagine if we lost our home?”

Sara looked at what was happening on TV. The storm did look bad. She knew she’d be really sad if her family lost their home. “What’s going to happen to all those people? Will they be okay?” asked Sara. “Usually when there’s a big storm like this, people raise money and send food and other things to the homeless families. Some people even help rebuild houses.” “I want to help, too, ” said Sara. “Maybe I could give my birthday money away. Those people are going to need it more than me. ”

Her mother smiled. “I’m really proud of you, Sara. Helping others is a great way to weather(经受住)the storm. ”

1. Which word best describes Sara at the beginning of the story?
A.Excited.B.Unhappy.C.Worried.D.Surprised.
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A.Sara and her family lived near the ocean.
B.Sara and her family nearly lost their home.
C.Sara learned the storm was really bad from TV.
D.Sara watched her favorite shows on her birthday.
3. At the end of the story, Sara decided to ________.
A.give her birthday money away
B.send food to the homeless families
C.help the homeless people rebuild houses
D.invite the homeless people to her birthday party
4. Which is the best title of this passage?
A.A Terrible ExperienceB.Having a Birthday Party
C.A Special PresentD.Weathering the Storm
2022-01-29更新 | 64次组卷
阅读理解-单选(约340词) | 较难 (0.4)
【推荐3】Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons?
Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates (蒸发)into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles(圆圈)and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has two parts, one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November this year, Typhoon Haiyan killed 5500 people in Philippines. More people are missing.
What to do when a typhoon hits?
Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
Listen to the radio or TV for important information.
If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
1. This passage is most probably from               .
A.an advertisement of a typhoonB.a travel record
C.a weather reportD.a science magazine
2. Typhoons often happen               .
A.in the hot seasonB.in the cold seasonC.only in ChinaD.under the sea
3. In which order(顺序)does a typhoon happen?
a. The wind moves fast enough, a typhoon starts.
b. The air moves quickly, making wind.
c. The sun makes sea water hot.
d. The air gets warmer.
A.d-c-b-aB.c-d-b-aC.c-d-a-bD.d-b-a-c
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The warmer the air gets, the slower the wind moves.
B.5500 people died because of Typhoon Haiyan around the world.
C.The strongest winds and hardest rains are in the wall of clouds.
D.A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second.
5. When a typhoon comes, we CANNOT              .
A.close all the windows
B.listen to typhoon news
C.stay inside the strong house
D.go outside to find a safer place
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