What time of day do you feel most alert (清醒的)? Are you more of a morning person? Or does your brain need a few hours to get going? A lot of research suggests that we should pay attention to our body clock. It can tell us what time of day we are best able to perform, according to the Wall Street Journal (华尔街日报).
When it comes to the human brain, many people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help speed this up.
But everyone’s body clock is different. Morning people will rise early and work better early in the day. Evening people will wake later but their brain will work better toward the end of the day.
Research shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. Physical performance is at its best between 3 pm and 6 pm, so it s better to exercise later in the day.
Between noon and 4 pm, people begin to get distracted. This is partly because our brain becomes less alert after we eat a big meal. Research also shows that we become sleepy around 2 pm.
Finally, it is best to eat during our active periods. This allows our body to burn calories better and stops our blood sugar levels from getting too high.
1. Many people perform best later in the morning because ________.| A．they can’t get up very early |
| B．they have to take a shower first |
| C．the body’s temperature needs time to rise |
| A．rise late and work in the morning |
| B．wake later and work in the evening |
| C．rise carly and work in the morning. |
| A．精力充沛的 | B．思想不集中的 | C．容光焕发的 |
| A．It’s better to do exercise in the afternoon. |
| B．We perform better after eating a big meal. |
| C．Sleeping at 2 pm is not good for our health. |
| A．Brain performance | B．Research about time | C．The best time to do things |
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Tiangong-1 is China’s first space module(舱). It was sent into space in 2011. It will be developed into a large space station around 2020. A space station is a lab for scientific studies.Shenzhou X performed its first docking（对接）with Tangong-1 on June 13. It docked twice during the 15 days.
The US, Russia, Japan, Canada and Europe are working together on the International Space Station (ISS).China wanted to join the ISS but was refused by the US. China decided to build its own space station.
Shenzhou X flew around the Tianggong-1 lab for the first time. This was to make sure that spacecraft could dock from more than just one direction. The astronauts carried out repair work and did experiments on the Tiangong-1.
Teaching from space
Wang Yaping, China’s second woman astronaut, taught high school and primary school students about space science. Wang talked about how things move in a micro-gravity(微重量)environment. This helped the students better understand some physics ideas, like Newton’s Law. The lessons aimed to encourage more students to learn about the universe and science.
Life up in space
The three astronauts followed a work and rest schedule（作息时间）that is similar on the Earth. They had Chinese dishes, such as Kung Pao Chicken and fried rice. The food was kept in special bags. At the time of the Dragon Boat Festival, they had Zongzi.
1. Shenzhou X, China’s fifth manned spacecraft was sent into space _______.
| A．on June 11, 2013 | B．on June 13, 2013 |
| C．on June 11, 2011 | D．on June 13, 2011 |
| A．the youngest | B．the oldest |
| C．the tallest | D．the strongest |
| A．a space station | B．a manned spacecraft |
| C．a space module | D．a space lab |
| A．China was very rich |
| B．the US refused China to join the ISS |
| C．Chinese scientists wanted to do experiment in space |
| D．the astronauts wanted to stay there |
| A．become the next Newton |
| B．experience micro-gravity |
| C．learn more about the universe and science |
| D．know more about the life of astronauts |
| A．had a different time schedule in space |
| B．cooked Chinese food for dinner |
| C．celebrated Dragon Boat Festival by having Zongzi |
| D．slept in special sleeping bags |
【推荐2】Can plants talk? Modern study has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insets. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning. or a call for help: “I’m being attacked! When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly, plants also use sounds to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (真菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will lead how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other, Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
1. What will plants do when they are attacked by insects?| A．They will kill the insects by themselves. |
| B．They will control the wasps to kill the insects. |
| C．They will send out signals to ask for food. |
| D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. |
| A．By making noises with their roots. |
| B．By spreading chemicals to each other. |
| C．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other. |
| D．By leading to bad effects. |
| A．To give people hope for further studies. |
| B．To praise scientists for their great achievements. |
| C．To call on people to protect the plants on Earth. |
| D．To encourage people to grow more plants. |
| A．The secret language of plants |
| B．The plants that make sounds |
| C．The study on the wood wide web |
| D．The study on the wasps |
【推荐3】As people all over the world struggled with higher levels of stress, depression and anxiety this past year, many turned to their favorite comfort foods: ice cream, pizza, hamburgers. But studies in recent years suggest that the high-sugar and high-fat foods when we are stressed or depressed, as comforting as they may seem, are the least likely to be good for our mental (精神上的) health. Instead, whole foods such as vegetables, fruit, fish, eggs, nuts may be a better bet.
Historically, nutrition research has paid much attention to how the foods we eat influence our physical (身体上的) health, rather than our mental health, though. Over the years, large population studies have found that people who are asked to follow a Mediterranean diet for three months had greater reductions in symptoms of depression after three months compared to a control group. Public health professors around the world have started encouraging people to take and use lifestyle behaviors like exercise, sound sleep, a heart-healthy diet and avoiding smoking that may reduce inflammation (发炎) and have advantages for the brain. Individual clinicians (临床医师) are already including nutrition into their work with patients. Dr. Drew Ramsey, a clinical professor at the Columbia University, begins his meetings with new patients by exploring their diet. He asks what they eat, learns their favorite foods, and finds out if foods that he considers important for the connection are missing from their diets, such as plants, seafood.
Dr. Ramsey said he didn’t want people to think that the only factor involved in brain health is food. “Lots of people get their food exactly right, live very active lives, and still have many troubles with their mental health,” he said. But he also teaches people that food can be empowering. “We can’t control our genes,” he said. “But we can control how we eat, and that gives people actionable things that they can do to take care of their brain health on a daily basis.”
1. What do previous (以前的) nutrition studies mainly pay attention to?| A．How our diets influence our mental health. | B．How our diets influence our physical health. |
| C．How our mental health influences our diets. | D．How our physical health influences our diets. |
| A．They try to satisfy their patients’ needs. |
| B．They are questioning public health professors. |
| C．They want to prove the value of healthy diets. |
| D．They have accepted the findings of large population studies. |
| A．Some connection lives between our diets and mental health. |
| B．People can control their genes as well as how they eat. |
| C．People living active lives will not have mental problems. |
| D．Eating a healthy diet is going to cure depression. |
【推荐1】The First Robotics Competition(FRC) was held in Shenzhen.A total of 35 high-school student teams from China, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Poland and other countries joined the two-day contest with their hand-crafted robots.
The FRC is a world-class robotics competition that was first launched in the United States in 1989.It encourages students to improve their hands-on skills and creative capabilities.
There are strict rules.limited resources and an intense six-week time limit before the competition.Teams of students should raise money, design a team brand and improve their teamwork skills, as well as build industrial-size robots to compete .The rules of the game include two groups, and each group has three teams.The group with the highest score wins the game.
The seven teams who won the top prizes in the FRC Shenzhen regional wil1 take part in the First Championship to be held in the United States next month.
Yin Shifei, secretary general, said the competition not only enables students to improve their programming, decision-making and problem-solving skills, but also encourages them to cooperate and share with other people.
According to Yin, a Shenzhen team invited over 40 left-behind children to the city to watch the FRC game because they wanted to make education more equitable .And the left-behind children can get fair education.These children's parents are migrant workers in Shenzhen, but they are left behind in their hometowns.
Shenzhen became the first city to host an FRC regional in Asia last year, and another regional contest will be held in Shanghai this year.
1. From the passage, we can know__________.| A．primary-school student from China joined the competition |
| B．the FRC is a nation-class robotics competition |
| C．the FRC was first launched in Poland in 1989 |
| D．The competition this time lasts for two days |
| A．programming | B．teamwork | C．creative | D．educating |
| A．they wanted to have more audience |
| B．they hoped that more people would cheer for them |
| C．the left-behind children's parents missed them |
| D．they wanted the children to receive fair education |
| A．FRC is a good way to improve students' abilities. |
| B．The rules of FRC are very strict but helpful. |
| C．More Chinese cities will hold FRC regional in Asia. |
| D．Shanghai became the third city to host an FRC in Asia. |
【推荐2】Imagine that your friend is cutting the cake to share with all the guests at the birthday party. The first three guests are handed large pieces of cake, while you are handed a teeny-tiny one. How would you feel? Is this fair? Most of us have a clear sense of what is fair and what is not, but where does this come from? Scientists try to study fairness in primate species (灵长类物种) to understand how fairness came about.
Fairness often involves equal outcomes (平等的结果)
Do monkeys behave in ways that lead to equal outcomes? To find out, scientists give monkeys choices about how to share food. Scientists ask a monkey to choose between two options—to provide a piece of food just for themselves, or to provide food for another monkey nearby, as well as for themselves (Figure 1). If monkeys are trying to achieve equal outcomes, they would give food to both themselves and another. Do they? Sometimes.
 |  |
The left monkey has just chosen the board to give food to himself and the neighboring monkey. | The left monkey has just chosen the board that provides food for himself only. |
（Figure 1）
Whether monkeys favor equal outcomes seems to depend on the species. The species which live in groups will prefer equal outcomes, but not all the time.
What else might be influencing whether monkeys create equal outcomes? If the two monkeys are friends, one is more likely to share food with the other. It also seems that monkeys would make the equal choice when they cannot see the actual food—some scientists use pictures of food.
But wait, does effort matter?
Scientists have developed a way to test whether monkeys prefer everyone to be paid equally for doing the same work. In this study, monkeys are trained to work for food by exchanging small coins with a scientist. To determine if and how monkeys respond to unfairness, scientists have two monkeys take turns exchanging coins and give them different food—their favorite food or a less-preferred food (Figure2). If the monkey getting the less-preferred food refuses to keep exchanging coins, scientists conclude the monkeys respond to unfairness.
 | The monkey on the left exchanges the coin for a piece of banana. Next, the neighbor monkey will also exchange a coin, but receive a less-preferred piece of food. |
（Figure 2）
The results of the study have suggested differences across monkey species. Generally, monkeys living in groups do not respond to unfairness, while other monkeys do respond to it. However, monkeys do not appear to mind if they get a better food than others.
All in all, monkeys’ sense of fairness does not seem to be as well-developed as our own. By studying their preferences for fairness and responses to unfair situations, we can learn more about how these values developed in humans. And this also helps us to better understand the natural world and how to care for animals as well.
1. In the first monkey study, ________.| A．scientists use more pictures of food than actual food |
| B．scientists let monkeys choose from a variety of foods |
| C．the left monkey will get no food if it provides food for another |
| D．the left monkey can choose between two ways of providing food |
| A．Monkeys living in groups value effort more. |
| B．Monkeys of different species enjoy different work. |
| C．Not all monkeys stop working when treated unfairly. |
| D．Monkeys seem to mind if the neighbor gets less food. |
| A．Do Monkeys Care What Is Fair? |
| B．Can Equal Outcomes Bring Fairness? |
| C．Why Do Monkeys Value Fairness and Effort? |
| D．How Do Monkeys Develop a Sense of Fairness? |
【推荐3】The Green Planet, a new documentary series (系列纪录片), gives us a new look at plants and shows the secret lives of plants.
Plants compete against each other to live. Each species has its own ways of defense. In tropical rainforests, different kinds of plants race for sunlight. The forest floor is described as a “battlefield” in the series as only two percent of the sunlight filters (过滤，渗入) through it. Some plants like Monstera (龟背竹属植物) spread their big leaves to reach light. But they are caught up in a vine (藤本植物) that tries to hitch a ride. Finally, they are both overtaken by a fast-growing balsa (轻木) tree. As the balsa has slippery hairs on its leaves, the vine can’t get a hold. Similarly, some trees make poisonous sap (毒汁) to protect themselves.
Plants also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, the roots of Euphrates poplar (胡杨) are connected. If a tree finds water, it will share it with others through the roots. Studies also show that plants use fungus (真菌，霉菌) in the soil as a way to “talk” to each other. It’s kind of like how Wi-Fi works. If a tomato plant gets a leaf disease, it can tell nearby plants about it.
The series not only makes us surprised at the plant world but pushes us to understand that plants are important.
1. According to the context, what does the underlined word “battlefield” mean?| A．问题 | B．战场 | C．细节 | D．理解 |
| A．Because they have big leaves to reach light. |
| B．Because the sunlight cannot filter through forest. |
| C．Because their leaves are not rough enough. |
| D．Because they are Monstera plants. |
| A．They will connect with each other through roots to share water. |
| B．They could use fungus to talk to each other. |
| C．They would use Wi-Fi to work and support each other. |
| D．They will use poisonous sap to fight against other plants. |
| A．Plants can only survive through communication. |
| B．Plants not only compete each other but also help each other. |
| C．Plants in the tropical rainforests often compete for the rainstorm. |
| D．The nearby plants will not know the leaf disease if a tomato plant gets one. |
| A．The Way to Protect Ourselves | B．Plants Will Die in the Future |
| C．The Different Kinds of Plants | D．The Secret Lives of Plants |
【推荐1】If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important things to remember about reading rate:
● Knowing why you are reading or what you are reading to find out will often help you to know whether to read fast or slowly.
● Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are directions for making or doing something, arithmetic problems, science and history books, which are full of important information. You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important ideas.
● Some things should be read quickly throughout. Examples are simple stories meant for enjoyment, news letters from friends, pieces of news from local, or home-town, papers, telling what is happening to friends and neighbors.
● In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along. You will need to read certain pages quickly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas which must be remembered.
1. The underlined word "rate" in the first sentence means _______.| A．fast | B．slow | C．speed | D．skill |
| A．Stories for enjoyment | B．Arithmetic problems |
| C．Letters from friends | D．News from hometown newspapers |
| A．The faster, the better. | B．The more slowly, the better. |
| C．Neither too fast nor too slow. | D．It depends on what we are reading. |
| A．Read slowly when you are reading something important to you. |
| B．Read fast when you are reading something unimportant to you. |
| C．Read the materials that you are interested in slowly. |
| D．Read the materials that you are interested in fast. |
【推荐2】Many years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around. Later, the compass (指南针) was introduced. And now, we have satnav (卫星导航) systems to guide us. A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user’s location. They send information to a receiver, such as a smart phone, to show us where we are.
The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning System, which belongs to the US. Then there is Russia’s Global Navigation (导航) Satellite System, the European Union’s Galileo and China’s own satellite navigation system, BeiDou.
On October 14, 2017, an ARJ21-700 plane, which was the first domestically-produced jet (国产喷气式飞机) equipped with the BeiDou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight. The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced aboard, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.
Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has seen increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.
When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support BeiDou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.
Farmers can use BeiDou-enabled tractors to plow (犁) the soil and use unmanned aircraft with BeiDou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources. BeiDou’s farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.
With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路). “To date, the BeiDou system has covered most parts of the Asia-Pacific region (地区), as well as countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21stCentury Maritime Silk Road” said Yang Changfeng, Chief designer of the BeiDou system.
Today, there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the BeiDou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.
“As BeiDou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry,” said Miao Qianjun, secretary-general of the navigation services association. “Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.”
1. What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?| A．To compare some modern satnav systems. |
| B．To describe the benefits of satnav systems. |
| C．To tell us how satnav systems were created. |
| D．To introduce some satnav systems and how they work. |
| A．It was used successfully in a new jet plane. |
| B．It is more powerful than other satnav systems. |
| C．It was introduced into China on October 14, 2017. |
| D．It wasn’t used in our everyday life until recently. |
| A．plowing the soil and sowing seeds |
| B．improving the efficiency of networks |
| C．producing more smart locks for shared bikes |
| D．navigating ships across oceans to European countries |
| A．worried | B．uncertain | C．positive | D．doubtful |
| A．A government report. | B．A science magazine. |
| C．A storybook. | D．A science fiction. |
One day, my mother was sewing a quilt (被子). I asked her if there was love between them. She stopped her work and looked up with surprise. Then she bowed (弯下) her head and continued sewing the quilt. I was very worried because I thought I hurt her. But after a few minutes she said, “Look at this thread (线). Sometimes it appears, but most of the time it disappears in the quilt. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly (几乎不) be seen anywhere or anytime, but it’s really there, and makes the quilt long-lasting.” I listened carefully but I couldn’t understand her until the next spring.
My mother suddenly got sick seriously and had to stay in the hospital for a one-month treatment. Every morning and dusk (黄昏) after she returned from the hospital, my father helped my mother walk slowly on the country road. There were many beautiful flowers, green grass and trees, and the sun gently shone them through the leaves. All of these made up the most beautiful picture in the world. Reading their eyes, I knew they loved each other deeply. From this experience, I realized that love was just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm.
1. The writer thought his parents’ life was not .
| A．romantic | B．great | C．meaningful | D．true |
| A．parents | B．lovers | C．classmates | D．friends |
| A．There is beautiful scenery (风景) everywhere in the world. |
| B．There is true life anywhere in the world. |
| C．There is no love without beautiful flowers. |
| D．There is really love between the writer’s parents. |
| A．Love should appear every day. |
| B．Love means flowers. |
| C．Love is just the thread of a quilt. |
| D．True love. |
| A．the next summer |
| B．his mother was dead |
| C．his mother was seriously ill |
| D．he himself grew up |
1. Why did Americans start to stress STEM related classes?
| A．Because the world has moved into a tech⁃driven century. |
| B．Because STEM classes have long been neglected in America. |
| C．Because education officials prefer STEM classes to art classes. |
| D．Because US students are expected to be at an advantage in these areas. |
| A．afford | B．direct | C．create | D．raise |
| A．the benefits of drama education |
| B．the importance of STEM learning |
| C．the abilities needed for STEM learning |
| D．the reasons to improve drama education |
| A．drama is more important than STEM classes |
| B．drama education has been the nationwide trend |
| C．the result of neglecting drama education is hard to bear |
| D．American students have made progress in playing catch⁃up |
One night when he slept, an angel(天使) came and blessed his painting that it should come alive. He was always lonely. He always wanted a friend to talk to and share his work and secrets. Next morning when he woke up he heard some sounds near his painting. When he looked at the painting, he was surprised that it was talking! He thought that his wish had come true.
The man in the painting needed food, water and clothes. The news of the magic painting spread all over the world. It even came in newspapers and in the news on TV.
One night a thief came to steal the painting. The moment he came in front of the painting, the man in the picture shouted and said, “Help! Help, a thief!” The thief got scared and ran away.
One day the painting said to Ankit that it wanted to be married. Then Ankit had to paint a woman. He made both the paintings marry and live happily ever after. His loneliness was also cured(治愈) forever.
1. What did the angel do with the painting?
| A．She took the painting away. |
| B．She blessed it to come alive. |
| C．She drew another one like this painting. |
| D．She put the painting on the wall. |
| A．To have a big family. |
| B．To paint more good pictures. |
| C．To have a good friend. |
| D．To see the angel. |
| A．传播 | B．发布 | C．复制 | D．张贴 |
| A．When the thief took down the painting. |
| B．When the thief walked into the room. |
| C．When the thief reached his hands. |
| D．When the thief came near the painting. |
| A．It wanted to get down from the wall. |
| B．It wanted to get married. |
| C．It wanted to play with him. |
| D．It wanted leave his home. |
Many objects in the universe are invisible,but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world's first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃）.
A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most :radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer's memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light,and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can't be seen, objects that we wouldn't even know without radio telescopes.
1. Radio telescopes help collect ____________ from the universe| A．light | B．objects | C．radio waves | D．visible signals |
| A．make the antennas strong enough |
| B．increase the number of radio waves |
| C．turn radio waves into electronic signals |
| D．focus radio waves on the sub-reflector |
| A．the noises made by villagers and animals |
| B．the sounds from the radios and televisions |
| C．the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work |
| D．the radio waves and electronic signals from humans |
| A．We have received pictures of deep space. |
| B．We have discovered unknown lives in the universe. |
| C．We have found some unknown objects in the universe. |
| D．We have turned the radio waves from space into light. |
