1 . Do you know what family instructions（家训）are? They are common beliefs（信念）that family members follow. In ancient China, people passed down their family instructions from generation（一代人）to generation.
Some schools in Zhejiang are encouraging students to learn more about their own family instructions. At Hangzhou Gongyi Middle School and Hangzhou Xuejun High School, it was part of students’ winter vacation homework to learn about their family instructions.
Meng Yaohan, 16, from Hangzhou Xuejun High School, looked at her family instructions. One of them is “Don’t take the wrong way”, a piece of advice that has been passed down for 100 years. Her father told her how her grandfather stuck to his “right way” to become an engineer. “It encouraged me to pursue what I love,” she said.
Shen Duanjie, 14, from Hangzhou Gongyi Middle School, has got good from his family instructions—“democratic”（民主的）and “equal”, they have helped him get along with his parents.
The school has also published（出版）books about two classic collections of family instructions—Family Instructions of Zhu Xi and Family Instructions of Yan Clan. The books include dialogues and pictures drawn by students.
Gong Zhenyue, 14, drew pictures for one of the instructions in Family Instructions of Yan Clan. She was impressed by the instruction, which says that parents should not only love their children, but also educate them. “ It made me understand my parents’ strictness with me, ” she said. She made it her own family instruction.
1. What are family instructions?| A．The words of one’s grandparents. | B．Dialogues between family members. |
| C．Common beliefs that family members follow. | D．Books which were passed down from the past. |
| A．They know nothing about their family instructions. |
| B．Shen Duanjie is two years older than Meng Yaohan. |
| C．They have the same family instructions in their families. |
| D．They are both students from Hangzhou, Zhejiang. |
| A．追求 | B．创造 | C．传递 | D．感受 |
| A．study better at school | B．draw pictures for other books |
| C．understand her parents better | D．learn to publish books by herself |
| A．Students’ winter vacation homework | B．Learning from family instructions |
| C．How to make our family instructions | D．Family Instructions of Zhu Xi |
When it comes to having perfect memories, it is clear that we humans must have had some faults in our blueprints! Why don’t we remember everything that we want to remember? It can be frustrating and disheartening. Sometimes it can even cause us to lose self-esteem or others to think less of us. Truly, though, we are all forgetful. If we weren’t, diaries would never be kept, secretaries would never be hired, and the “Blackberry” would not have been invented!
Most of us have vivid memories of our lives from about age three to our present ages. These are stored in what we call our “long-term memory”. What about before age three? Sigmund Freud discovered the fact that we forget most of our early childhood. Psychologists disagree on what causes this amnesia, and the investigation(调查) has been going on since Freud’s time. A very good theory, born from the results of experimentation with babies, is that absence of language ability at the time of an event stopped us from describing it to others. The memory exists in our minds, but words were not associated with it when it happened, and therefore, it doesn’t become a subject in our adult autobiographies. There are some exceptions, but these are rare.
The other kind of memory, the “short-term memory”, is what we are usually referring to when we say, “I forgot.” Experts say that you can keep about seven things in your memory at once for up to three days. During that time, you may forget something in order to put something else in its place, or you, believe it or not, put it into long-term memory. What goes into short-term memory are things you’ve learned about recently, in the past day or two. Only if something really remarkable happens does it stay in your short-term memory for longer. For instance, you may have met your favorite celebrity last week, and this week you can tell all the details to a friend. A simple example to illustrate your short-term memory is to look at a list of twenty words for a minute or two. You will discover that you cannot remember more than about seven of them and that they are the ones in the beginning and at the end of the list (because your mind has judged them to be more important than those in the middle).
1. According to the passage, we keep the diaries to ________.| A．help us remember things | B．let us think less |
| C．have perfect memories | D．hire secretaries |
| A．memory | B．forgetting | C．description | D．discovering |
| A．Most of us can describe our lives before age three clearly. |
| B．We may remember the things we are interested in longer. |
| C．We can erase the memory of our experience in the past day. |
| D．Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory. |
| A．How Memories Are Stored |
| B．How Do We Remember Things? |
| C．Why Memories Are Important |
| D．Why Do We Forget Things? |
You may have heard about the woman who spent a year living on just a pound（英镑）a day. But in Germany, a woman named Wermer has given up using money completely. Her decision probably has something to do with her experience as a penniless refugee（身无分文的难民）during the Second World War（WW Ⅱ第二次世界大战）.
After the war, she lived a common life. She worked as a teacher for many years. But her memories of WWⅡ always stayed with her and she decided to do something about it. She came up with the idea of an exchange network（网络）which allowed people to exchange things and services without using money. Even though the program turned into a great success, she wanted to do something crazier. So she made the decision to leave her home and close her bank account（账户）. At first her daughters thought their mother had made an awful mistake. But gradually, they have gotten used to her unusual lifestyle.
Wermer sleeps on people’s sofas and wears second-hand clothes people don’t need anymore. Shops give her food they can’t sell. and she knows she could always go to a soup kitchen（a place where food is offered to the hungry for free or at a very low price）.
People are interested in learning more about Wermer’s experiences, so she has written several books about her life. She has given away the money she made—often to complete strangers.
1. Wermer has given up using money because of her ________.| A．job | B．common life |
| C．life with one pound a day | D．experience during the Second World War |
| A．She made a lot of money from it. | B．It was not successful in the beginning. |
| C．It was born out of her WWⅡ memories. | D．She started it with the help of her daughters. |
| A．usual | B．wrong | C．useful | D．interesting |
| A．unusual lifestyle | B．ways to treat other people |
| C．experience of writing books | D．decision of setting up an exchange network |
| A．A difficult decision | B．A life without money |
| C．A wonderful exchange program | D．A German woman’s books |
4 . There was once a company in the United States. It announced that it would offer a large amount of money to anyone who could find a white marigold(金盏花). Most marigolds are either golden or brown. It is very hard to find a white one.
Twenty years later, the company received a letter from an old woman. She sent 100 white marigold seeds along with the letter.
The woman was a fan of flowers. When she first heard the company’s announcement 20 years ago, she got very excited. She thought she could grow her own white marigolds. But her children doubted her. She knew nothing about seed genetics(遗传学), after all. So her dream of growing white marigolds was just that — a dream.
Still, she worked to make it happen. She planted some common marigold seeds and took good care of them. A year later, when the marigolds bloomed(开花), she chose one of the faintest(微弱的) flowers and took its seeds. She planted these seeds and waited another year for them to bloom.
Day after day, year after year, through years, her life changed. Her husband died, her children moved away, and many other things happened. But her desire(愿望) to grow white marigolds remained strong in her heart.
Finally, after 20 years, she went out to her garden and found a marigold that was not just white — it was as white as the purest(纯洁的) snow.
1. What color marigolds are hard to find?| A．White. | B．Golden. | C．Brown. | D．Red. |
| A．Bored. | B．Surprised. | C．Excited. | D．Sad. |
| A．Her children didn’t believe in her. | B．They helped her learn seed genetics. |
| C．They researched marigolds themselves. | D．Her husband stopped her from growing flowers. |
| A．The woman loved flowers very much. |
| B．The woman was interested in the seed genetics. |
| C．The woman achieved her dream of growing white marigolds at last. |
| D．The woman sent some white marigold seeds to the company twenty years later. |
| A．Be Patient and You’ll Go Far | B．What Happened to the Woman? |
| C．The Woman Loved to Grow Marigolds | D．The Woman’s Family Grow Marigolds for the Company |
5 . Many students study with little thought about what comes after they study for a period of time.
But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information.
When many students finish studying, they often go straight to another activity. Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play video games or watch television.
But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.
The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after you study for a period of time, your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have too much stimulation (刺激) from electronic devices, games, lights and so on.
While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning-what is called “wakeful rest.” If you want to give “wakeful rest” a try, here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look at your phone, read stories or play games. Just limit the amount of stimulation you get. It is really that easy!
In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning.
The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways. A report on the school’s website explains that “a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally (最佳地) and therefore cannot learn efficiently.” It also says, “sleep itself has a role in the consolidation of memory, which is necessary for learning new information.”
Robert Stickgold is a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School. Speaking with the U.S. National Institutes of Health, or NIH, he noted that new memories can be hard to keep.
“When we first form memories, they’re in a very raw and fragile form,” he said.
Sleep is important for forming memories. Stickgold told the NIH “you get very little benefit from cutting corners.”
The National Sleep Foundation suggests that adults between the ages of 18 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day. Teenagers may need slightly more, and people over the age of 65 may need a little less.
Try to get some “wakeful rest” after a study session. Then try to get a good night’s sleep.
That’s it-a simple, no-cost way to help you remember what you learn.
1. From the passage, we can know that ________.| A．good memory needs enough sleep |
| B．learning benefits much from resting |
| C．playing games makes your brain work better |
| D．sleep helps people focus attention on study |
| A．To improve on our learning methods. |
| B．To research the hours of sleep for different ages. |
| C．To encourage us to explore the benefits of resting. |
| D．To give suggestions on remembering after learning. |
| A．easily broken | B．strong enough |
| C．likely to be ill | D．seriously hurt |
| A．Things to Do after You Study. | B．Ways to Go about Your Study. |
| C．How to Learn Well. | D．How to Focus on Attention. |
6 . The job of protecting kids most often falls to parents. If they know about risks in and around their homes and communities, they can take steps to protect their children against the risks.
Many parents realise the importance of safety around pools and at the beach. But they don’t pay much attention to bathtubs（浴缸）.When children are taking a bath, parents must stay by them. Most drowning cases happen when a child falls into a pool or is left alone when he or she is taking a bath. The younger the child is, the greater the risk is.
Millions of kids are living in high levels of lead（铅）every day. Children under the age of 6 are especially easy to be harmed because their growing bodies get in more lead than grown-ups. Never put food in newspapers or printed paper. Reduce the food like popcorn and potato chips. Before eating fruit and vegetables, wash them with clean water.
Young children have the habit of putting things in their mouths. As a result, kids can’t breathe, or their throats can be hurt. Every parent should realize the dangers of this. Put small things away from kids. Check the things whose small parts can be taken off. Cut children’s food into very small pieces so that they can’t stay in children’s throats.
1. What should parents do to protect their children?| A．Keep their children at home all the time. |
| B．Work at a company that is close to their home. |
| C．Work at the community that they live in. |
| D．Pay attention to the risks near where they live. |
| A．溺水的 | B．戏水的 | C．奇怪的 | D．作大的 |
| A．Don’t let a kid take a bath at any time. |
| B．Never let a kid eat popcorn or potato chips. |
| C．Don’t let a young kid hold small things in the hand. |
| D．Never eat the food packed in paper bags. |
| A．Children should learn to protect themselves against risks. |
| B．Parents are children’s first teachers on their growth. |
| C．Advice for children to keep themselves away from the risks. |
| D．Advice for parents to keep children away from the risks. |
7 . Pangolin（穿山甲）is a kind of animal in great danger. At the beginning of 2020, it comes into the eyes of people again with the Covid-19（冠状肺炎）.Scientists find it may be the middle host of the Covid-19. However, some people eat it as a delicious food or medicine.
Pangolins live in the earth for over 40 million years. And there are 8 different kinds of Pangolins around the world, 4 in Asia and the others in Africa. Usually they hide in the mountains. They go out at night and sleep during the day. When they meet dangers, their hard coats get closed and make them like a ball. Because they have no teeth and never cry, it is easy for bad people to catch them. In the past 10 years, one million pangolins are on sale in the black market. One scientist said nearly every 5 minutes a pangolin left its homeland. What a breaking news！
As we know, pangolins are our friends. They eat over 70 kinds of ants. One year one pangolin can eat 7 million harmful ants for our forests. Every time pangolins find one family of ants, they just eat a half and leave the other half to live. How kind the little animals are！
1. Why do pangolins catch people's eye this year？| A．They are delicious food. | B．They are good medicine. |
| C．They are middle host of Covid-19. | D．Scientists can study them. |
| A．Eight . | B．Twelve . | C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．They will call for help. | B．They will run away |
| C．They will curl up like a ball. | D．They will make a hard coat. |
| A．Pangolins are the Hosts of Covid-19 | B．Stop Pangolins Sales on Market |
| C．Pangolins are the Big Ants Eaters | D．Pangolin are kind animals |
8 . If you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list. It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need human connection and creativity. In some cases, they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing illness. With these machines, doctors can know what’s wrong with the patients more easily and quickly. Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person. Could there be a place for robots in education after all?
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. He thinks robots will do the main job of transferring(转换) information and teachers will be like assistants(助手). Smart robots will read students’ faces, movements and maybe even brain signals(信号). Then they will adapt(改编) the information to each student.
One thing is certain, though. A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9-16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed(压力大的), or tired.
Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked. How can robots help teachers? Teachers waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work, including more than 11 hours a week marking homework. If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.
1. What does the word “diagnosing” in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese?| A．治疗 | B．诊断 | C．预测 | D．预防 |
| A．no longer teach knowledge in class | B．do more jobs than robots in class |
| C．help robots to teach in class | D．teach one student in class |
| A．working anywhere without a rest | B．helping students with cleaning |
| C．teaching students under 14 | D．saving students in danger |
| A．they can’t teach anywhere any time | B．they can’t read the students’ brain signals |
| C．they feel stressed and tired while teaching | D．they have too much non-teaching work to do |
| A．Robot Doctors | B．Robot Teachers |
| C．Schools With Robots | D．Schools Without Robots |
9 . When I was a teenager, I volunteered to give out water at a local 10,000-metre race. I was so excited to see different runners who passed by and quickly took a bottle of water. Some ran past, some walked past. I saw so many types of people taking part in the race and I thought maybe I could do it too!
The next year I decided to run for the race. With little running practice, I just wanted to finish.
It was very hot on the day of the race. After running for about 5 miles, I was thinking, “I must be crazy. Why did I do this? What was I thinking?” And at one moment, I said to myself, “I will never do this again!”
That first 10,000-metre race was quite an experience. I jogged, I walked, I jogged and walked. At times, I didn’t know if I could finish. Then came the most important moment.
Near the end, an old man ran past me. I felt embarrassed（尴尬的）. I was about 50 years younger than him but I couldn’t keep up with him. But then I realised something: he was running his race and I was running mine. He had different abilities, experience, training and goals for himself. I had mine. Remember my goal was to finish. How often in life do we compare ourselves to others and feel disappointed in ourselves when we really shouldn’t? I decided then that I would not give up running.
As I crossed the finish line, I was proud of myself.
I am so glad I didn’t give up running. Today it is a great source（源泉）of great happiness in my life.
In life we all compare ourselves to others sometimes. It’s only natural. Don’t allow those moments to make you weak. Let them encourage you. Use them to show you what is possible.
1. The writer _________ when he volunteered at a local race.| A．gave out water | B．ran only five miles |
| C．took part in the race | D．helped the old runners |
| A．he was good at running | B．he wanted to have a try |
| C．he wanted to win a prize | D．he had practised running very hard |
| A．He ran past the old man. | B．He decided to go on running. |
| C．He encouraged himself. | D．He regretted taking part in the race. |
| A．crossing the finish line | B．not giving up |
| C．comparing with others | D．feeling disappointed |
| A．A Wonderful Race | B．The Key to Success |
| C．Staying Out of Trouble | D．Running Your Own Race |
10 . Self-disciplined (自律的) people are not all outstanding (杰出的) people. But nearly all outstanding people are self-disciplined people. Some of them read every day. Some of them never run late. The real difference between an elite person and an ordinary (普通的) person is that an elite person can manage his or her time well. That’s where their success comes from. What people call self-discipline is in fact self-management.
One example is staying fit. Never underestimate (低估) someone who is in good shape. Anyone who has ever tried to lose weight knows that it’s not easy. It’s even harder to avoid putting weight back on. If someone is in good shape, it shows that he knows the principles (原则) of staying fit and is able to stick to a plan that uses these principles.
If someone is in good shape, it means that this person is good at managing themselves and their time. Whether it is natural or acquired, it is a great skill. It also shows that this person is able to keep persevering (坚定不移的) and can balance long-term goals with short-term goals.
So if someone is in good shape, he or she is more than just healthy.
How do you learn self-management? First of all, set a goal and write down your reasons for wanting to achieve it. Create a list of all the things you need to do to achieve this goal and start to work on them one at a time. With self-discipline, small things in life will no longer trouble you. Only through self-discipline can you truly own your future.
1. “An elite person” means ________.| A．a manager | B．an ordinary person |
| C．an outstanding person | D．a person from outer space |
| A．it is quite difficult to lose weight |
| B．keeping in good shape requires self-management |
| C．one can be fit if he knows the principles of staying fit |
| D．a person who is in good shape is much healthier than others |
| A．后天的 | B．加工的 | C．所需的 | D．个体的 |
| A．Ordinary people are still special. |
| B．Setting a goal is the key to self-discipline. |
| C．Self-discipline can be developed through practice. |
| D．Try to complete small tasks first if you want to achieve your big goals. |
| A．How to be outstanding | B．Keep fit to be in good shape |
| C．Steps to achieve your goals | D．Be more strict with yourself |
