1 . ①On a clear night, go outside and look for the moon. Do the same thing again a week later, and the moon you see will look different. So why does it always seem to change its shape?

②Sometimes, the moon is a bright disk that lights up the night sky. Other times, it is just a white sliver. Sometimes, the moon can be seen during the day. Other times, it can not be seen. These different kinds of visibility (可见度) are called the phases of the moon (月相).

③They appear because the sun, the moon and the Earth are always moving. One thing that almost never changes is that the sun lights one side of the moon.

④A lunar eclipse (月食) is the only time the sun can’t face the moon. This appears when the sun, the moon and the Earth are in a straight line with the Earth in the middle. As the moon travels into the darkness of the Earth’s shadow (影子), it seems as though all or part of it disappears.

⑤Many scientists believe that the moon was once part of the Earth. Millions of years ago, something hit into the Earth and broke off a large part of the planet. Gravity (地球引力) kept this huge block from going away into space, and it became our moon.

1. The first paragraph is mainly written to ________.

A．draw the readers’ interest	B．tell a moving story to readers
C．list some examples for readers	D．help readers finish the exam

2. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is ________.

A．the stories of the phases of the moon	B．the meaning of the phases of the moon
C．the reasons for the phases of the moon	D．the time when the phases of the moon happen

3. Which of the following shows how lunar eclipse is formed?

A．	B．
C．	D．

4. The structure of the passage is ________.

A．①②③④；⑤

B．①；②③④⑤

C．①②③；④；⑤

D．①；②③④；⑤

2 . 请用适当的词完成下面的短文，每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

Maybe many people know the universe is very big. If you stand in space, you will see many beautiful stars, like the sun and     1     planets. And then, let’s recognize our solar system. There are     2     planets in our solar system. They’re Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus     3     Neptune. The sun is very     4    . Its surface has 5600℃. Its gravitation (吸引力) is very strong. So the earth goes     5     sun. And the earth is our home.

We’re     6     on the earth, and it is the     7     beautiful in the solar system. It has lots of water and plants. And the     8     is the earth’s partner. It goes around the earth, and other planets are very far     9     the earth. So the people can’t reach them and     10     of them has an environment with air. People also can’t live on them. Finally, let’s see the sky at night. There is much beautiful and magic view in the universe.

3 . In our solar system (太阳系), some planets have a great number of moons (卫星) while some have none. Recently scientists have discovered 12 more moons going around Jupiter (木星). That means Jupiter now has a total of 92 moons, more than any other planet in our solar system.

Scott Sheppard was a member of the team that made the latest discoveries. The new moons were found using telescopes (望远镜) in Hawaii and Chile. Sheppard said, “I hope we can take clear photos of one of these moons in the near future to better understand it.”

Jupiter’s newly discovered moons are between one and three kilometers in size. They have not yet been named, as half of them are too small—less than 1.5 kilometers—to own a name.

Sheppard has already taken part in 70 moon discoveries for Jupiter. He also discovered moons going around Saturn (土星). It had been the planet with the most moons until the most recent announcement. It now is known to have 83 moons. Saturn held the top position since 2019 when Sheppard’s team discovered 20 more moons. Before that, Jupiter was the solar system’s leader with 79 moons.

Sheppard expects to keep adding moons to both Jupiter and Saturn in the future. Uranus and Neptune also have many small moons. But they are much farther from Earth, so discovering new moons around those planets is more difficult.

This year, the European Space Agency has sent a spaceship to explore Jupiter. The spaceship, called JUICE, took off in April. The task is to make further research on Jupiter and its three large moons.

1. According to Paragraph 2, Sheppard wanted to ________ in the near future.

A．get to new moons	B．take clear photos of one moon
C．do nothing	D．study everything

2. The new moons don’t have names because ________.

A．they are hard to study	B．they are newly discovered
C．some of them are not big enough	D．they are ugly

3. How many of Saturn’s moons were discovered before 2019?

A．63.

B．93.

C．101.

D．332.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．It is easy to discover all moons.	B．JUICE is trying to find out new planets.
C．More research is being done on Jupiter.	D．People all like new moons.

4 .

There are actually many planets that are outside of our solar system. The first of these far-off planets was discovered in 1988. So far, astronomers have found more than 3,500 such planets, and they think there are a lot more. Astronomers have found many of them using a special space telescope. This telescope can see very far into space. Many of these planets go around their own star, like our planet goes around the sun. A few of these planets even go around two stars. However, some of these planets are by themselves and do not go around a star. Astronomers cannot see these planets with their eyes. Instead, they use some special methods to find out where the planets are and what they are like.

Even though these planets are very far away from us, we know some things about the planets. We know that they come in all kinds of colors and sizes. Some of the planets appear to be red or blue, and they can be much bigger than Jupiter (木星). Some of these planets also seem to be made of the same kinds of things as can be found on Earth. A number of the far-off planets seem to be completely solid and made of rocks, they are hotter than Jupiter, too.

While far-off planets are interesting, there is an important reason why astronomers are looking at them. Astronomers want to find a planet like Earth. They think that there may be some out there that have air and water like Earth. Such planets, astronomers believe, may also support life on them. That would certainly be something to find! So astronomers keep searching. Who knows what they will find out there?

1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.

A．telescopes

B．planets

C．astronomers

D．stars

2. How does the writer explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?

A．By giving examples.

B．By listing numbers.

C．By using old sayings.

D．By telling stories.

3. What’s the writer’s attitude towards “keep searching for new planets”?

A．Supportive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Uncaring.

D．Unclear.

4. Which is the best title for the text?

A．Far-off Planets: Our New Home

B．Welcome to Far-off Planets

C．An Eye on Far-off Planets

D．Discoveries on Far-off Planets

5 . Thousands of miles from the Earth, in outer space, is a small planet, far from the Sun, behind a much bigger planet. Little green aliens live there. They use torches to see.

One day, a young alien, Neila, put the wrong batteries in her torch.

Suddenly, there was bright light. It went up into the sky, around the Sun and reached the Earth.

The light hit a boy called Billy and his dog. Neila quickly turned the torch off, but the pair were caught by the light. They flew through space and landed near Neila.

“ Hello,” said Billy. Neila smiled.

“ Wow!” said Billy, “Everything’s made of ice cream!”

“The ice cream never melts (融化), and nobody eats it. It’s too cold here,” said Neila.

Neila looked sad. “Can you help us?” she said, “We need sunshine to make things grow.”

“No problem,” said Billy, “Can you get us home? I have an idea.”

“Wait there!” said Neila.

She got her torch, put the wrong batteries in again—ZOOM! Billy and his dog flew back to the Earth.

Billy pointed his bedroom mirror between the Sun and Fliptune. The sunlight bounced off the mirror and up onto Neila’s planet.

Thanks to Billy, Fliptune is not cold any more. Billy moves the mirror every day to keep the sun shining there. Now Neila and her friends sit in the sun and enjoy all the free ice cream.

1. What does the underlined phrase “the pair”   refer to in paragraph 4?

A．The batteries.

B．Billy and his dog.

C．Billy and Neila.

D．The torch and the batteries.

2. How did Neila help Billy and his dog go back to the Earth?

A．By moving the mirror.	B．By turning off the torch.
C．By pointing the bedroom mirror.	D．By putting the wrong batteries in the torch.

3. In what order did the following happen in this passage?
a. Neila asked Billy for help.
b. Billy and his dog flew to Fliptune.
c. Neila helped Billy and his dog back to the Earth.
d. Billy moved the mirror every day to warm Fliptune.

A．c-a-d-b

B．c-a-b-d

C．b-a-d-c

D．b-a-c-d

4. Which picture best shows the underlined sentence in paragraph 12?

A．

B．

C．

D．

5. Which of the following best describes Billy?

A．Clever and kind.

B．Brave but forgetful.

C．Kind and strong.

D．Clever but careless.

6 . Venus (金星), Jupiter (木星), Mercury (水星) and Saturn (土星) are four major planets in the solar system. But do you know from where their English names originated? If not, just look ahead.

Venus is the sixth-largest planet as well as the hottest one in the solar system. Except the Sun and the Moon, Venus is the lightest star in the sky, just like a shinning diamond. So the Romans call it Venus, the goddess (女神) of beauty.

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Its surface is colorful, and it also has a planetary (行星的) ring. Jupiter is the king of gods, in ancient Roman mythology (神话).

Mercury is closer to the Sun than any other planet, and it is the smallest and lightest planet in the solar system, which usually appears along the Sun. Mercury is a god that delivers (传递) messages for other gods in ancient Roman mythology.

Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system. Saturn's rings are made of dust and ice. In Roman mythology Saturn is the god of time, because this planet moves slowly.

1. When you look up into the night sky, ________is the brightest planet.

A．Saturn

B．Venus

C．Jupiter

D．Mercury

2. The underlined word “originated” means ________.

A．coming from

B．being made of

C．being used for

D．being divided into

3. Who is Jupiter in the ancient Roman mythology?

A．The god of war.

B．The god of time.

C．The king of gods.

D．The god of beauty.

4. From big to small, the proper order of four planets is ________.
①Venus       ②Jupiter       ③Mercury       ④Saturn

A．①②③④

B．②④①③

C．④①③②

D．②③①④

7 . 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。

Hi, I’m Sherry, and I’m an amateur astronomer (天文爱好者), which means that I like to learn about faraway stars and planets and other mysterious things in space just for fun. I recently toured the Kitt Peak National Observatory (天文台).     1    

The mountain the observatory is built on belongs to a Native American tribe (部落). I heard people in the tribe didn’t allow astronomers to build the observatory on its mountain at first, but they changed their mind after looking through a telescope (望远镜)!     2     That made me laugh.

The mountaintop is perfect for star watching.     3     Being on a mountain keeps the telescopes above the dusty world. Besides, being up high gets you even closer to the planets and stars.

The Kitt Peak National Observatory has a collection of 26 telescopes! These aren’t telescopes you can hold in your hand.     4     The tour at the Kitt Peak National Observatory let me get close to three of them.     5     The other two are star telescopes they use at night for studying stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.

A．It sits high on top of a tall mountain.

B．Away from city lights, it stays dark at night.

C．Some of the telescopes are large and expensive.

D．All these telescopes need a whole building to hold them up and protect them.

E．One is a solar (太阳的) telescope that astronomers use during the day for studying the sun.

F．They started saying the astronomers had “long eyes” since they could see so far with their telescopes.

G．Telescopes have an influence on the way we view the universe.

8 . The longest total solar eclipse (日全食) of the 21st century took place in China and some other countries in Asia on July 22, 2009.     1    , including Hangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Suzhou, Changzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang and Hefei.

    2    , people rushed into the streets to observe (观察) the natural wonder. As daylight disappeared and the sky quickly darkened, those people were excited. Cities such as Shanghai were plunged into darkness during what is thought to be the longest total solar eclipses of the 21st century. The longest time it lasted was 6 minutes and 39 seconds.

Total solar eclipses of such a long time are very rare (稀罕的).     3    . We’ll have to wait a few hundred years for another opportunity to observe a total solar eclipse that lasts this long,     4    .

Think about what happened, one Shanghai resident (居民) said, “It’s like magic,     5    . I have no idea where I am right now. It feels like a different world.”

根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。

A．so it’s a very special opportunity

B．When it took place

C．different people had different feelings

D．The solar eclipse could be seen in more than 40 cities in China

E．We can experience but once in a life time

9 . 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。

Except Pluto (冥王星), there     1     eight planets in the solar system now, including Earth. By the distance from the Sun from close to far, they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto used to be known as     2     smallest planet in our solar system, and the furthest planet from the Sun.

Pluto was discovered in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half     3     wide as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years to travel around the Sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days to spend a day on Pluto. Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth is. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt     4     has thousands of small, icy objects. The temperature on Pluto is     5     low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. The gravity on Pluto is less stronger than that on Earth. So fat persons may prefer to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto.

10 . 第二节：阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

It often takes astronauts days to go to the moon. But will people live there? Will people ______ a city on the moon?

Some people think it is ______ . But it won’t be easy. There isn’t any oxygen (氧气) on the moon. Spaceships will need to bring oxygen from the earth. ______ will be a problem, too. How will people ______ vegetables? There isn’t any water,   ______ scientists think that they might find some ice. The energy (能量) for the city won’t be a problem—it will   ______ the sun.

Who will go to the moon? Maybe ______ will go there. The moon is an interesting place for them. It is never cloudy or rainy on the moon, so it is a good place to study (研究) the ______ and planets. Maybe we will build a university for them. We will ______ build a hotel for visitors, too. There are no beaches on the moon, but people can walk on the moon and take photos of the earth.

Will it ______? Maybe. But one thing is true: A visit to the moon hotel will be very expensive!

1.

A．draw

B．build

C．pollute

D．share

2.

A．difficult

B．boring

C．meaningless

D．possible

3.

A．Food

B．Houses

C．Air

D．Clothes

4.

A．find

B．eat

C．grow

D．sell

5.

A．or

B．if

C．because

D．but

6.

A．come from

B．look like

C．get to

D．think about

7.

A．writers

B．workers

C．scientists

D．doctors

8.

A．animals

B．stars

C．sea

D．mountains

9.

A．seriously

B．luckily

C．probably

D．cheaply

10.

A．reach

B．expect

C．play

D．happen