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我们知道,我国早在《周髀算经》中就有“周三径一”的古率记载,《隋书•律历志》有如下记载:“南徐州从事史祖冲之更开密法,以圆径一亿为丈,圆周盈数三丈一尺四寸一分五厘九毫二秒七忽,肭数三丈一尺四寸一分五厘九毫二秒六忽,正数在盈肭二限之间.密率:圆径一百一十三,圆周三百五十五.约率,圆径七,周二十二”,这一记录指出了祖冲之关于圆周率的两大贡献:其一是求得圆周率
;其二是得到
的两个近似分数即:约率为22/7,密率为355/113,他算出的
的8位可靠数字,不但在当时是最精密的圆周率,而且保持世界纪录一千多年,他对
的研究真可谓“运筹于帷幄之中,决胜于千年之外”,祖冲之是我国古代最有影响的数学家之一,莫斯科大学走廊里有其塑像,1959年10月,原苏联通过“月球3”号卫星首次拍下月球背面照片后,就以祖冲之命名一个环形山,其月面坐标是:东经148度,北纬17度.
纵横古今,关于值的研究,经历了古代试验法时期、几何法时期、分析法时期、蒲丰或然性试验方法时期、计算机时期,已知
,试以上述
的不足近似值
和过剩近似值
为依据,那么使用两次“调日法”后可得
的近似分数为
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