1 . Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes.
The research team believes their method succeeded because they stuck with a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth.
This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earth-quakes coming,” explains Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (TexNet). “It’s a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”
While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earth-quake stations and over six years worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.
Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director.
1. How does the AI forecast earthquakes?A.By identifying data from the satellites. |
B.By analyzing background sounds in the Earth. |
C.By modeling data based on earthquake recordings. |
D.By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field. |
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. |
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes. |
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction. |
D.The limitation of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction. |
A.Conducting tests in different locations. |
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields. |
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas. |
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy. |
A.Stable but outdated. | B.Effective but costly. |
C.Potential and economical. | D.Pioneering and promising. |
2 . Louie, a pet parrot, saved a whole family. He
“Louie is a true
Barbara took her five-year-old granddaughter
“People have
A.annoyed | B.alarmed | C.impressed | D.noticed |
A.model | B.genius | C.hero | D.pioneer |
A.awake | B.asleep | C.alone | D.afraid |
A.opinion | B.way | C.memory | D.sight |
A.survive | B.resist | C.arrive | D.respond |
A.frightening | B.shocking | C.sorrowful | D.grateful |
A.angrily | B.gently | C.secretly | D.immediately |
A.turn | B.blow | C.keep | D.put |
A.accompanying | B.saving | C.comforting | D.adopting |
A.luck | B.doubt | C.evidence | D.barrier |
A.injuries | B.losses | C.pressures | D.failures |
A.detail | B.place | C.ruins | D.rows |
A.rushed out | B.come back | C.run away | D.reached out |
A.presented | B.equipped | C.linked | D.compared |
A.replace | B.honor | C.forget | D.reward |
3 . Plastic is everywhere in our environment, especially in the ocean. Actually, a large amount of plastic waste is floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine (海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics. We are closely related to oceans so the consequences of throwing plastic away may return to affect us some day.
“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist, “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph?A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent. | B.To tell us what marine animals like eating. |
C.To call on us to protect marine animals. | D.To introduce the topic of the passage. |
A.By listing figures. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By analyzing reasons. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.results | B.functions | C.causes | D.aims |
A.Some people don’t know the solution of plastics waste. |
B.It’s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste. |
C.Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic. |
D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean. |
4 . Arsh believes in the importance of making the world a more beautiful place. The talented boy not only paints but also sells his artwork and donates the money.
It all started when his parents bought him a set of painting tools for his 8th birthday. Once he had his own materials, he began spending much of his free time putting color on his canvas. As Arsh’s paintings began to grow in number, he decided to give them as gifts to friends and family. Receiving a positive response from people around him, he soon realized his pieces had the potential to get much more than smiles and praise.
His light-bulb moment came shortly after: he would sell his artwork and donate the money to charity. His first plan was to raise $1,000 for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which he accomplished in around nine months by selling his paintings on social media and at local art shows. Since then, he’s broadened his reach to benefit other organizations, including childhood cancer nonprofit Compass to Care and the Make-A-Wish Foundation. He’s raised over $16,000 for charities so far.
Arsh’s artwork is often colorful and cheery, as one might expect from a youngster, but it showcases the impressive technique of a gifted artist. Some pieces are more abstract in nature; others feature realistic renditions (演绎) of flowers and animals. They range in size and complexity, and, accordingly, price. Small paintings might sell for $10 while larger canvases, up to five feet, have gone for $800.
Last year, Arsh won The Diana Award, an honor presented by a UK charity founded on Princess Diana’s belief that young people have the power to change their country. And the young artist has advice for other kids looking to make a difference. “Helping others doesn’t have to be, like, money or anything. It can be your time, your skills, your talent,” he says, “and overall, just be kind to other people to make their day better.”
1. What made Arsh interested in painting?A.A birthday present from his parents. | B.His parents’ deep love for painting. |
C.The encouragement of others around him. | D.His fascination with the beauty of nature. |
A.To pay for his painting materials. | B.To get more attention from others. |
C.To attract children’s interest in art. | D.To help those people who are in need. |
A.His fundraising plan is going well. |
B.He will turn his attention to his studies. |
C.All his paintings sell at high prices now. |
D.He is going to teach other children to paint for free. |
A.Every child has a unique talent. |
B.Everyone has the ability to help others. |
C.Talent plays an important role in learning art. |
D.Helping others is the responsibility of young artists. |
5 . Since the 1950s, some 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced globally, of which only about 10% has ever been recycled. Yet environmentally conscious companies and consumers continue to look to recycling as a way to ease the plastic problem. Manufacturing giants claim to be committed to making more of their products and packaging from recycled materials. However, this confidence masks (掩饰) a complex web of issues around plastic recycling. Recycling rates remain extremely low and critics argue that we should look at alternative ways to tackle plastic pollution.
While many plastics have the potential to be recycled, most are not because the process is costly, complicated and the resulting product of a lower quality than the original. Despite rising demand for recycled plastic, few waste companies turn a profit. Part of this is because virgin plastic-linked to oil prices -is often cheaper than recycled plastic, meaning there is little economic motive to use it. Worse yet, much of our plastic waste is difficult to recycle. Lightweight food packaging, like a mozzarella packet, contains different plastics, dyes and toxic additives (添加剂). This dirty mix means plastic recycled through mechanical methods-the most common form-can only be melted down and moulded(浇铸)again a couple of times before it becomes too fragile to be reused. And the nature of the process means plastic recycling has a carbon footprint of its own.
Given all of these difficulties, environmental critics say recycling is not the solution-and argue that creating more products from recycled material to attract environmental consciousness merely worsens the problem. “The solution is to use less plastic and to stop misleading the public about the recyclability,” says Enck, president of Beyond Plastics, a US campaign group with a mission to end single-use plastic. “They should stop making false claims about the recyclability of plastics since they know most will either be littered or burned or landfilled (填埋). Using less plastics means shifting to reusable products and relying more on paper, cardboard, glass and metal-all of which should be made from recycled content.”
1. Which of the following statements would environmentally conscious companies support?A.Recycling can’t solve the plastic problem. |
B.Creating more products from recycled material can help ease plastic pollution. |
C.The solution to plastic pollution is to use less plastic. |
D.People should give up recycling because the recycling rates remain extremely low. |
A.The recycling process of plastics. |
B.Pollutants contained in recycled plastics. |
C.Reasons why users dislike recycled plastics. |
D.Contributing factors to low plastic recycling rates. |
A.Disapproving | B.Unclear | C.Neutral | D.Indifferent |
A.Using metal or glass food containers. | B.Littering recycled plastics in a landfill. |
C.Processing plastics in a mechanical way. | D.Launching campaigns to promote recyclability. |
6 . While work on lab-grown meat has made the headlines in recent years, similar work on fruit is less common. Scientists at Plant & Food Research in New Zealand are aiming to change that by growing fruit tissue (组织) from plant cells (细胞) that they hope will one day taste, smell and feel like real fruit. Researchers hope that the program will help guarantee the country’s food security.
“Here in New Zealand, we’re good at growing traditional horticultural crops (园艺作物),”said Dr. Ben Schon, the lead scientist for the Food by Design program at the government-backed Plant & Food Research, “but looking into the future, there’s a lot of change coming in the world with population growth, increasing urbanisation (城镇化) and climate change.”
The program aims to grow fruit tissue without the parts that are usually discarded like the peel of the banana. Providing consumers with only the tissue of fruit will help reduce food waste, said Schon.
Lab-grown foods could play an important role in sustainable (可持续的) agriculture but are still in the very early stages of development, according to Dr. Ali Rashidinejad, a senior food scientist at Massey University in Palmerston North. Since lab-grown food is a completely new idea, once it is developed, it will then have to prove its safety through long expensive experiments. The Plant & Food Research program started 18 months ago, but scientists warn that the end goal of getting something that is nutritional and enjoyable to eat is some years away and might not be achievable at all.
The technology would probably be suitable for growing fruit tissue within cities, said Dr. Sam Baldwin, a strategy leader at Plant & Food Research, in the hope that it would reduce the cost and carbon emissions created when transporting food into urban centres.
1. What is the purpose of the program?A.To raise concern. | B.To promote well-being. |
C.To balance diet. | D.To ensure food safety. |
A.The plans for developing the fruit. | B.The process of designing the program. |
C.The necessity of growing the fruit. | D.The problems with experimenting on the fruit. |
A.Broken down. | B.Thrown away. | C.Brought up. | D.Taken in. |
A.Its difficult research process. | B.Its short research period. |
C.Its uncertain research result. | D.Its expensive research facilities. |
7 . I love reading. My taste in books is fairly wide ranging with few exceptions, one of them being mysteries. So, I was quite surprised to find myself lost in Louise Penny’s Inspector Gamache novels, all 18 of them.
After I received a cancer diagnosis (诊断) in December of 2022, Peter, one of my closest friends, told me to read Penny’s books. I took his advice. The characters in the novels took hold of my mind and transported me away from the fear during the treatments.
Suffering side effects from my treatments, my world became quite small. With my limited energy, I read one book after another, repeating Inspector Gamache’s words, “All will be well.” I whispered these words to myself before every medical treatment.
On one especially uncomfortable night, lying on the bed with my book, I was suddenly transported not to Inspector Gamache’s world, but to the bedroom of my childhood with a different book in hand, The Hidden Staircase, a Nancy Drew mystery. When my parents’ marriage was falling apart at that time, I always sought comfort from Nancy. Returning to my Inspector Gamache mystery that night, I realized that perhaps it was the memory of those lonely nights from my childhood that kept me from reading mysteries. I never wanted to feel fear like that again, and yet here I was afraid of what would become of my life if the cancer wasn’t cured. Now the fighting was within me. Could I really trust that all would be well?
Although there is nothing fair about a cancer diagnosis, my belief that problems can be solved has only gotten stronger. But most of all, I still believe in the power of the written words to help us through dark nights when sleep is slow to come. There is no mystery in that.
1. Why did the author turn to Inspector Gamache novels?A.To reduce side effects. | B.To please a friend. |
C.To seek comfort. | D.To develop interest. |
A.The similar fear. | B.A good read. |
C.The same words. | D.A touching sight. |
A.Frightened. | B.Doubtful. | C.Unclear. | D.Hopeful. |
A.The Significance of the Novels | B.The Magic of the Written Words |
C.My Desperate Fight with Cancer | D.My Amazing Writing Experience |
8 . In a recent heartwarming story, Mr. Sun has touched the hearts of many by using AI face-swapping technology to create a video message from his late father.
The touching video captures Sun’s emotions as he replicates his father’s appearance and voice to convey a message of well-being to his grandmother. The entire process of face-swapping and video creation took a lot of effort and lasted nearly half a month, during which Sun couldn’t help but shed tears as he missed his deceased father.
In 2022, Sun’s father was diagnosed with a rare condition known as appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma (阑尾黏液腺癌). Despite Sun’s efforts to seek medical treatment for his father, the disease progressed rapidly, and his father passed away in 2023.
Concerned about his grandmother’s fragile health, the family decided to keep Sun’s father’s passing a secret. They fabricated (编造) a story, telling the elderly woman that her son was still receiving treatment in a Beijing hospital. The prolonged separation depressed the grandmother a lot, who continuously expressed her longing to speak with her son.
In a creative attempt to comfort his grandmother, Sun, inspired by science fiction films, decided to use AI face-swapping technology to create a video message from his father. Prior to recording the video, he even shaved off his bear d to look more like his late father. By using AI software, he successfully transformed his appearance into that of his father, delivering a heartfelt message to his grandmother: “Mom, it’s Jihai. I’m doing well in Beijing.” Despite the relatively low pixel (像素) quality, the grandmother believed the well-intentioned fabrication.
Sun admitted that his emotions almost broke down within the half-month, as every mention of his father’s name or a glance of his photograph brought great sorrow. He also expressed uncertainty about how long he can keep up the fabrication and whether he will make use of face-swapping again. Nevertheless, he is determined to follow in his father’s footstep to be a strong support for his family.
1. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?A.Copies. | B.Paints. | C.Recalls. | D.Preserves. |
A.By seeking medical treatment for his father. |
B.By making up to look like his father. |
C.By showing his father’s previous photographs and voice to her. |
D.By telling a white lie and giving his father an online rebirth. |
A.It was a laborious process. | B.Sun will employ face-swapping again. |
C.Sun got inspiration from science-fiction films. | D.The images this technology made were unclear. |
A.Creative and honest. | B.Optimistic and generous. |
C.Considerate and responsible. | D.Talented and courageous. |
9 . Putting down the book I was reading, I turned to my mum. “Next year, when I go to high school…,” I started, thinking of all the novels I’d soon finish. But before I could finish my sentence, Mum
My family were very poor and the kids all
In 2015, we
Walking onto campus that first day in February 2017, it was clear I was the
Before
I loved campus life and
If you’re thinking of getting a
A.cut off | B.thought about | C.listened to | D.took down |
A.room | B.money | C.time | D.effort |
A.attended | B.finished | C.dropped | D.skipped |
A.so | B.and | C.for | D.but |
A.talk | B.keep | C.prove | D.explain |
A.left | B.settled | C.agreed | D.retired |
A.admitted | B.devoted | C.used | D.related |
A.rich | B.young | C.adult | D.smart |
A.shortest | B.oldest | C.worst | D.poorest |
A.distance | B.language | C.eyesight | D.technology |
A.outlining | B.sending | C.writing | D.checking |
A.delighted | B.terrified | C.amazed | D.depressed |
A.passed | B.failed | C.changed | D.discussed |
A.perform | B.speak | C.graduate | D.continue |
A.hobby | B.chance | C.job | D.degree |
10 . LEGO is to begin selling braille (盲文) bricks to help blind and partially sighted children learn to read the touch-based alphabet (全部字母).
After the first announcement of its braille bricks in 2019, LEGO has announced that shoppers would be able to buy the accessible kit for the first time. Up until now, the LEGO Foundation has given out the kits free of charge, as part of a pilot program, to organizations specializing in the education of children with vision impairment (障碍).
While some view braille as old-fashioned, given modern technology that can turn written text into spoken word, blind adults say they like to read with their fingers while listening to other things.
The European Blind Union says knowledge of braille leads to improved spelling, reading and writing, contributing to higher levels of education and better employment opportunities for those who are vision impaired.
Dave Williams, who works for the Royal National Institute of Blind People, which acts for blind and partially sighted people, said, “Who would want a greeting card read to you? And there are things like board games.” And he added learning braille with LEGO helped give those who could not read print independence.
Lisa Taylor, mum to seven-year-old Olivia, said, “Olivia first discovered LEGO braille bricks at school and they had such a big impact on her curiosity about braille. Before then, she found it hard to get started with the symbols but now she’s improving all the time.”
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A.LEGO is the first firm to put braille into use. |
B.LEGO began its sell of braille bricks in 2019. |
C.LEGO integrates old tradition with modern technology. |
D.LEGO has donated braille bricks to certain organizations. |
A.Reading with their fingers. | B.Listening to a greeting card. |
C.Writing with new technology. | D.Learning from past experience. |
A.By improving their social skills. | B.By bettering their reading ability. |
C.By helping them develop independence. | D.By awakening their curiosity about braille. |
A.To express users’ satisfaction. | B.To start a new topic. |
C.To erase doubts about LEGO. | D.To compare different opinions. |