1 . Global health experts say that each year some of the 1.5 million people die from vaccine-preventable diseases due to gaping holes in medical record-keeping, especially in developing countries where resources to properly document immunizations（免疫接种）may be lacking．
To solve that problem, researchers headed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Techmology（MIT）have invented a way to deliver vaccines（疫苗）through a microneedle patch（贴片）that is buried in the skin．It's a record that can't be seen, written in quantum dots（量子点）that contain vaccination history and give off light only readable by a specially equipped smartphone．The scientists say it doesn't require any link to a database and it doesn't tie into any personal information．
For now, the patch can only contain a handful of simple shapes．But adding more microneedles could make the designs more complex, potentially conveying information about a vaccination's date, dosage and more．From there, reading the dots becomes a lot like scanning a QR code（二维码）．These designs could be scanned and interpreted by smartphones, and someday allow health providers to access patients' past vaccinations without chaos of external records．
The next step, before trials in people, is to test its practicability among experts in the field．The researchers now plan to work with health care workers in developing nations in Africa to get input on the best way to carry out this type of vaccination record-keeping．
"Ultimately, we believe that this invisible 'on-body' technology opens up new possibilities for data storage and biosensing applications that could influence the way medical care is provided, especially in the developing world," the researchers conclude．
1. What do the underlined words "that problem" in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．Few medical resources． |
| B．Wrong ways to deliver vaccines． |
| C．Lack of vaccination record-keeping． |
| D．No vaccinations required in developing countries． |
| A．They keep a record of the vaccination． |
| B．They need to be connected to a database． |
| C．They give away one's personal information． |
| D．They can read light produced by smartphones． |
| A．By reading the QR code． | B．By scanning the design． |
| C．By interpreting external records． | D．By increasing microneedles． |
| A．It will be cost-saving． | B．It will hit the market soon． |
| C．It may ensure the accuracy of data． | D．It may bring changes to medical care． |
2 . On the International Space Station, astronauts constantly “fall” around the earth as they orbit, so they don't feel the effects of gravity. While floating around for six months or a year in space sounds like a lot of fun, there is a serious side effect; once they get back to the earth, they're basically cripples (瘸子).If the worst happens, astronauts walking out of their spacecraft for the first time could slip and break a bone the moment they get back to the earth, because their bones and muscles have weakened over time in space.
NASA has made a lot of progress in this regard. It is clearly required that its astronauts spend about 90 minutes per day exercising in space, using a resistance machine as well as either a treadmill (跑步机)or an exercise bike. Although astronauts are burdened with a lot of things to do in space, that exercise time is sacred ——everyone makes sure the astronauts are not pressured to abandon their exercise time in favor of some experiment.
The doctors say that this time sweating it out is extremely important. "On muscles and bones, you have de — loading effects which can be reduced by extensive exercise," says NASA's Peter Norsk.
NASA is especially concerned with how a lack of gravity and increased space radiation(辐射)could hurt explorers on the way to the moon or Mars. On the earth, we are protected from most forms of radiation due to the atmosphere. While in space, explorers in the low-earth orbit still get a little less radiation than in deep space due to the earth's magnetic field (磁场)，which attracts some radiation from space. But on the way to Mars, that's not the case.
However, doctors still don't understand how radiation can affect astronauts' bones and muscles. It's hard to simulate (模仿)deep-space radiation on the earth, and we only sent a handful of astronauts to the moon back in the 1960s and 1970s.
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly focus on?| A．The role gravity plays in life. |
| B．The weakness of bones and muscles. |
| C．The side effects of a long stay in space. |
| D．The fun experience astronauts have in space. |
| A．By sleeping as long as possible. |
| B．By performing fewer spacewalks. |
| C．By relieving their mental pressures. |
| D．By doing exercise on a regular basis. |
| A．In deep space. | B．On the moon. |
| C．On the earth. | D．In a low-earth orbit. |
| A．More people are willing to step into space. |
| B．More research into radiation should be done. |
| C．The harm caused by radiation can be avoided. |
| D．Deep-space radiation has been copied in the lab. |
3 . Hello and welcome to English with Lucy. Today we have another topic:“Four common British expressions.” Now, before we get started, make sure you connect with me on all my social media which is right here. You can subscribe to my YouTube. You can also like me on Facebook. And for my Chinese followers, I have my Weibo account as well.
Four Common British Expressions:
“A piece of cake.”
And this is very similar to “Easy-peasy, lemon squeezy,” which we've discussed in a former video. And basically, it means very easy. So I might come out of an easy exam saving, “That exam was a piece of cake. ”
“Break a leg!”
It actually looks really rather cruel, but I promise you it's positive. And “Break a leg!” means “Good luck!” So before a race, before a job interview, before a test, instead of saying “Good luck!” I might say “Break a leg!”
“It cost an arm and a leg.”
And this basically means something was really expensive. If I say, “My bag cost an arm and a leg,” I mean it cost a lot of money.
“To call it a day.”
And this means “to end a task”. So, for example, “I'm feeling a bit tired. I think I'll call it a day. ”That means “I think I'll stop here. Let's finish.”
Thank you so much for watching this program of “Four Common British Expressions.” I hope you like it, and I hope you've learned something.
1. How can Chinese listeners connect with Lucy?| A．With Wechat | B．Through Weibo | C．On Facebook | D．By YouTube. |
| A．Break a leg! | B．It cost an arm and a leg. |
| C．To call it a day | D．A piece of cake. |
| A．He/She will stop that day | B．He/She feels tired |
| C．Class is over. | D．It is daytime. |
4 . Feeling hungry? Then what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious- but possibly unhealthy -food. And our increasingly busy and stressful lives add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.
Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our desires at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the recent coronavirus（冠状病毒）crisis, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It’s estimated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 dishes from 60, 000 restaurants.
It’s no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and enjoy something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice is to find a cooking book and try making your own healthy meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
1. What has made ordering and delivering takeaway food easy?| A．The fast-pace lifestyle. | B．Takeaway delivery apps. |
| C．The coronavirus crisis. | D．Lack of cooking skills. |
| A．Processed food is usually sold at a low price. |
| B．It’s unbelievable for people to enjoy fast food. |
| C．Fast food does less harm to the health of adults. |
| D．The youth consume fast food more frequently. |
| A．Preparing meals yourself. | B．Eating in large restaurants. |
| C．Eating takeaway occasionally | D．Adding vegetables and fruit. |
| A．The popularity of takeaway. | B．The necessity of cooking at home. |
| C．The harm caused by takeaway. | D．The dilemma takeaway faces. |
5 . “A lie can travel half way around the world before the truth can put its bots on.” That quote is attributed to Mark Twain. In today’s Internet world of “fake（假的）news”, lies spread even faster than the truth is having trouble finding its boots.
To make matters worse, most young people get news from social media sites where facts are mixed with rumors（谣言）, half-truths and complete lies. This has led to young people becoming confused. In the latest PISA, which tested 15-year-old worldwide on academic subjects, fewer than one in ten of the examinees were reported to be able to distinguish fact from opinion. A Stanford University study showed that students at all levels of education could not tell real news from fake news. In one instance, 80 percent thought that a paid advertisement was a real news story.
Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice. They want to influence public opinion either for or against something or someone. It is important, then, for young people to recognize when they are being used and to be skeptical of online information.
Traditional media, such as newspapers and television, are still the more credible sources of information. Reporters are professionally trained to look for facts, and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct. However, if you getting most of your information online, you have to be your own editor. In that case, the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be credible? Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice? Next, look for other sources from mainstream media to confirm the information. In other words, by putting on your truth boots you won’t be fooled into chasing lies.
1. Why is the quote mentioned in paragraph 1？| A．To give a definition. |
| B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To offer background information. |
| D．To highlight the wisdom of Mark Twain. |
| A．They prefer to real news story. |
| B．They are easily taken in by fake news. |
| C．They can distinguish fact from opinion. |
| D．They get worried about their education. |
| A．Fight against prejudices. | B．Avoid traditional media. |
| C．Be an editor of your own. | D．Believe in trained reporters. |
| A．The truth about fake news. | B．The influence of fake news. |
| C．Problems with online information. | D．Sources of online information. |
6 . When most high school students complain about having to wake up extra early，they're usually referring to a swim practice before class or the last minute study before a test. But that was never the case for Corey Patrick，who woke up at 4：30 every morning last year in order to arrive on time at Tarrant High School in Alabama.
Patrick had attended Tarrant City Schools since his fourth grade，but things got difficult when his family moved to a town 14 miles away. Even though his family didn't have any forms of transportation，Patrick didn't want to miss out on his senior year with friends，so he woke up at 4：30 every morning in order to make it to a 5：41 a．m.bus that would help him get to Tarrant on time.And just as he had done every other school day of the year，Patrick got up one morning to start the journey from his home to his high school; the only obvious difference that morning was that he was wearing his graduation gown (毕业礼服)，which made that day's bus driver，DeJuanna Beasley, take some photos of him. She then shared them online with these words，“You tell me this isn't determination.He got on my bus to go to his graduation，and no one was with him.Sometimes it's all in what you want out of life.I was so proud of this young man.”
That was soon shared by many people online，and it caught the attention of radio host Rickey Smiley，who surprised Patrick by giving him a car later. Smiley confirmed that he would make sure that Patrick received help with getting his driver's license. A GoFundMe was also created for Patrick，which has raised over $20,000. And Patrick has got a scholarship (奖学金) to Jacksonville University，where he plans to study computer science.
1. Why was Patrick different from most students when it comes to rising early?| A．It had something to do with study. |
| B．It was a part of daily life for him. |
| C．He was unwilling to get up early. |
| D．He spent more time in studying. |
| A．Patrick dressed poorly on his graduation day. |
| B．It took Patrick an hour to get to the bus stop. |
| C．The driver was moved by Patrick's story. |
| D．There was no school in Patrick's town. |
| A．Patrick's request for help on the Internet. |
| B．The difficulties that Patrick experienced. |
| C．The information about Patrick's university. |
| D．The message published online by the driver. |
| A．GoFundMe. | B．Rickey Smiley. |
| C．Patrick's high school. | D．Jacksonville University. |
7 . As the commercialization of 5G accelerates in China, more companies are exploring what smart cities will look like in the 5G times.
US chip giant Intel Corp, for instance, is teaming up with partners such as China Unicom to build a 5G smart park in Nanjing, to offer a peek into the future of such smart cities.
The future smart city must be data-centric (以数据为中心) and intelligently interconnected. So how to better capture, transmit, store and analyze data will be the center of the future. Intel’s advantages can be found in its hardware and software solutions which can meet demands of multiple scenarios (多情景分析). The company will be devoted to opening cooperation, creating an innovative ecology and working with partners to create an intelligent future.
The company’s project, the Future Technological Smart Center in Nanjing, aims to gather a wide range of domestic and foreign partners around artificial intelligence, internet of things, 5G, cloud computing and other technological innovations to explore what future cities will look like. Intel said the Nanjing project is designed to build industry benchmarks, implement excellent solutions, and offer experience for the construction of smart cities and parks in the Yangtze River Delta region and even the entire country.
A Deloitte report said that China has already included the smart city initiative in its national strategy and made significant investments in these projects.
Both first-tier cities and small and medium-sized cities are home to smart city projects. The nation has formed many smart city groups across the eastern and southern coastal areas of China, Deloitte said.
Deloitte senior partner Ma Jionglin said in an earlier interview that China is one of the most active countries in the world in building smart cities. With advances in urban management and the increasing emphasis on the work and lifestyle of people, smart cities will be entering a new stage of development.
1. Why is the US Intel company mentioned?| A．To show Intel is a high technical company. |
| B．To accelerate 5G commercialization in China. |
| C．To offer a peek into the future of such smart cities. |
| D．To prove many companies are exploring 5G smart cities. |
| A．Through intelligent interconnection. |
| B．Through the help of foreign partners. |
| C．Through teamwork and innovative ecology. |
| D．Through advanced hardware and software technology. |
| A．Negative. | B．Positive. | C．Critical. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．The construction process of smart cities. |
| B．Intel’s exploration to build smart cities in China. |
| C．Chinese national strategy and investments on smart cities. |
| D．China’s leading role in building 5G technology in the world. |
8 . Reducing, reusing, and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before if goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. " Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and cant find easy ways to recycle, " said Owen Gaffney, an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.
But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include incineratinggarbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels（化石燃料）to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste﹣to﹣heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco﹣friendly biogas（沼气）. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant, which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.
Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular（循环论证的）economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy.
This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. The large Swedish clothing retailer（零售商）H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.
Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.
1. What do we know about Sweden？| A．Sweden imports household garbage for biogas. |
| B．It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden. |
| C．Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat. |
| D．Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden. |
| A．Burning. |
| B．Treating. |
| C．Throwing. |
| D．Reusing. |
| A．Teach people how to save fossil fuels. |
| B．Conduct a survey about the local economy. |
| C．Offer advice on environmental policy. |
| D．Make sure the citizens recycle wisely. |
| A．It provides various recycling programs. |
| B．It cuts down taxes on new products. |
| C．It gives discounts to regular buyers. |
| D．It offers lower prices for repairs. |
9 . Being a teenager is hard, which is why there are many amazing teen movies documenting the experience.Some are so good that they will become classics in a few years. Here is a list for you.
Mean Girls
"You go, Glen Coco!" "It's not going to happen!" "On Wednesdays we wear pink!" "You can't sit with us!" If you rank teen movies by how many lines（台词） of dialogues will live on forever, Mean Girls will certainly be on top. So many classic lines!
Eighth Grade
This movie will take you back to the eighth grade and remind you of all the good and bad times you had at that age. Kayla, a shy girl, who feels the most connected to the world through social media. It's Kayla's final week in the eighth grade and she promises to make it as great as possible before she moves on to high school.
13 Going on 30
This classic follows Jenna Rink, a girl whose wish on her 13th birthday is to grow up and escape from high school. The next day her wish comes true. She wakes up in her 30﹣year﹣old body only to find that she's an editor of a major magazine in America. Although she loves her new life at first, she quickly finds out that being grown﹣up isn't that much easier than being 13.
Shazam!
Shazam! is about a kid named Billy Batson, who suddenly gets magic powers from the Wizard Shazam. By calling Shazam's name, Billy can be changed into a hero with powers like strength, speed and flight. Like in all the other movies of this kind, in Shazam! Billy is tasked with defeating his enemy who wants to steal all his powers.
1. What is special about Mean Girls？| A．It is about girls' adventures. |
| B．It ranks first on the movie list. |
| C．It is aimed at amusing the audience. |
| D．It contains lots of classic dialogues. |
| A．Eighth Grade. |
| B．13 Going on 30. |
| C．Mean Girls. |
| D．Shazam! |
| A．A superhero film. |
| B．A documentary. |
| C．A comedy. |
| D．A love story. |
10 . More than a billion people around the world have smart phones, almost all of which come with some kind of navigation（导航） app such as Apple Maps or Amap. This raises the age﹣old question we meet with any technology： What abilities is our brain losing to these apps？ But also, importantly： What abilities are we gaining？
Talking with people who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps, I often hear a lot of annoyance with digital maps. North/south direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time. I can really understand that it may be quite disturbing for the already skilled to be limited to a small phone screen.
But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me. Although being a frequent traveler, I'm so terrible at finding my way that I still use Apple Maps almost every day in the small town where I have lived for many years.
In many developed nations, street names and house numbers can be meaningful, and instructions such as "go north for three blocks and ---then west" make sense to those familiar with these rules. In Istanbul, however, where I grew up none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals seldom use street names. Besides, the city is full of winding and ancient alleys（小巷） that cross with newer streets at many angles.In such places, you'd better turn to the locals. In the American countryside, however, there is often nobody outside to ask, In fact, along came Apple Maps, like a fairy grandmother whispering directions in my ear. Since then, I travel with a lot more confidence, and my world has opened up.
Which brings me back to my original question： While we often lose some skills after depending on new technology, this new equipment may also allow us to gain new abilities. Maybe when technology closes door, we should also look for the doors it opens.
1. Why do people who are skilled at reading paper maps feel upset？| A．They like reading paper maps. |
| B．They are confused by digital maps direction. |
| C．They don't know how to use navigation apps. |
| D．They are limited to a single smartphone app. |
| A．Asking local people the way. |
| B．Following the navigation app. |
| C．Getting familiar with the city rules. |
| D．Looking for street names and house numbers. |
| A．Cautious. |
| B．Negative. |
| C．Favorable. |
| D．Critical. |
| A．Benefits of Navigation Apps |
| B．Disadvantages of Navigation Apps |
| C．My World Opens Up by New Technology |
| D．Have Navigation Apps Worsened Our Brain？ |
