1 . Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.

How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.

“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.

Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.

1. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?

A．American kids’ sleeping habits.	B．Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.	D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.

2. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?

A．7 hours.	B．8 hours.
C．10 hours.	D．18 hours.

3. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?

A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.

B．They tend to do things that excite them.

C．They follow their parents’ examples.

D．They don’t need to go to school early.

2 . I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.

Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

1. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?

A．Efforts made in vain.

B．Getting injured in his work.

C．Feeling uncertain about his future.

D．Creatures forced out of their homes.

2. Why was the author called to Muttontown?

A．To rescue a woman.

B．To take care of a woman.

C．To look at a baby owl.

D．To cure a young owl.

3. What made the chick calm down?

A．A new nest.

B．Some food.

C．A recording.

D．Its parents.

4. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?

A．It’s unexpected.

B．It’s beautiful.

C．It’s humorous.

D．It’s discouraging.

3 . Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
1. According to the passage, sharing bread______.

A．indicates a lack of food

B．can help to develop unity

C．is a custom unique to rural areas

D．has its roots in birthday celebrations

2. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?

A．Trust.	B．Success.
C．Health.	D．Togetherness.

3. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.

A．using examples	B．making comparisons
C．analyzing causes	D．describing processes

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The custom of sharing food.

B．The specific meaning of food.

C．The role of food in ceremonies.

D．The importance of food in culture.

4 . Tears clouded my eyes as I stood in our washing room，holding Brett's jeans and shirt full of burnt holes.

Tired and defeated, I_______to the floor.The clothes were just one more thing Brett had_______.He often got almost everything in the house out of_______.Many windows in our house needed repair due to his breaking_______to steal money when he chose to live on the street.Yet none of this could compare to the_______damage Brett had done to our once quiet home.

Brett came to live with us when he was 12 years old.During the next few years I had dealt with Brett as_______as possible, but inside I was shouting.“I don't want him in my house another day, Lord! I just can‘t_______him!”Having wiped my tears, I continued_______him as before.

When Brett was nearly 18, he landed again in Juvenile Hall (少管所). After that, my husband and I had to send Brett to a boarding school for helping_______teens.

At the__________ceremony, each graduate held a white rose to give to the person who had__________the most to him or her.Brett spoke__________to his parents and then spoke to me, “You did so much.You were always there, no matter__________happened. My mom and dad, I am their kid. But you, __________troubled enough by me, always__________me such love. And I want you to know I love you for it.”

__________ , I stood as Brett placed the white rose in my hand and hugged me__________.

At that moment, tears__________in my eyes again, this time not for disappointment but for__________. Although I had struggled with silent__________toward my stepson, Brett had seen only my actions. Love is action.We may not always have positive feelings about certain people in our lives, but we can love them.1.

A．sat

B．sank

C．bent

D．dropped

2.

A．ruined

B．lost

C．torn

D．broken

3.

A．danger

B．place

C．trouble

D．order

4.

A．off

B．in

C．up

D．away

5.

A．physical

B．visible

C．emotional

D．natural

6.

A．patiently

B．willingly

C．strictly

D．rudely

7.

A．forgive

B．educate

C．stand

D．control

8.

A．parenting

B．pardoning

C．comforting

D．feeding

9.

A．lazy

B．troublesome

C．disappointed

D．careless

10.

A．opening

B．official

C．victory

D．graduation

11.

A．afforded

B．meant

C．supplied

D．owed

12.

A．lovingly

B．sadly

C．proudly

D．nervously

13.

A．where

B．how

C．what

D．who

14.

A．unless

B．although

C．because

D．when

15.

A．cost

B．lent

C．taught

D．showed

16.

A．Astonished

B．Puzzled

C．Encouraged

D．Interested

17.

A．surely

B．roughly

C．tightly

D．fiercely

18.

A．fell

B．left

C．moved

D．gathered

19.

A．pity

B．happiness

C．luck

D．success

20.

A．love

B．anxiety

C．anger

D．care

5 . Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today's stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world's attention. Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold­out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film­stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
1. It can be learned from the passage that stars today ________.

A．are often misunderstood by the public

B．can no longer have their privacy protected

C．spend too much on their public appearance

D．care little about how they have come into fame

2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired.

B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.

C．Well­known actors are usually targets of tabloids.

D．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.

3. What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?

A．Availability of modern media.

B．Inadequate social recognition.

C．Lack of favorable chances.

D．Huge population of fans.

4. What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity?

A．Sincere.	B．Sceptical.
C．Disapproving.	D．Sympathetic.

6 . Holiday Inns and McDonald’s. both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation—franchising.
These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail business. As it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. The parent company’s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different.
By extending a “proven” marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads, the values of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, bring into play the economies of scale. Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.
The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one, Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, though, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent’s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory’s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won’t thoughtlessly destroy it.
1. Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company          .

A．sells name-brand goods to a private investor

B．rents proven ideas and techniques for investment

C．sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name

D．takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors

2. . The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT      .

A．an immediate investment return

B．the profit from the sale of supplies

C．the ownership of additional retail stores

D．the possibility of profitable advertising

3. The passage mainly tells the reader          .

A．the advantages and disadvantages of franchising

B．the benefits of franchising to the franchisor

C．the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’s

D．some regional and national business operation

4. . What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?

A．More advantages of franchising.

B．Negative aspects related to franchising.

C．The standard of consumer acceptance.

D．Risks of investment besides franchising

7 . In 1957, Jane Goodall first met the famous anthropologist (人类学者) Dr Louis Leakey, who later played an important role in her life. With the_______of gaining insight into humans’ evolutionary (进化的) past, Dr. Leakey _________ a pioneering long-term field study on _________chimps. Even though Jane had no formal_______, her patience and determination to understand animals_______him to choose her for the study._______it was unusual for a

woman to work in the forest of Africa, going there_______the fulfillment (实现) of her childhood dream. In the summer of 1960 she_________ in Tanzania(坦桑尼亚) on Lake Tanganyika’s eastern shore. This marked the_______of the longest continuous field study of animals in their________habitat(栖息地). Five years__________, she earned a doctor’s degree at Cambridge University and then__________to Tanzania to found the Gombe Stream Research Center. And in 1977, to provide on-going__________for chimp research, Dr Goodall__________the Jane Goodall Institute.

Today, she__________most of her time traveling around the world, giving lectures on her__________at Gombe and speaking to school groups about Roots &Shoots, her environmental education and humanitarian program for the__________.

“Chimps have given me so________. The long hours spent with them in the__________have enriched my life beyond measure. What I have learned from them has shaped my__________of human behavior, of our place in nature.”

1.

A．way

B．idea

C．knowledge

D．method

2.

A．suggested

B．achieved

C．argued

D．changed

3.

A．modest

B．special

C．rude

D．wild

4.

A．exercise

B．training

C．living

D．practice

5.

A．devoted

B．let

C．made

D．led

6.

A．If

B．Because

C．Although

D．Once

7.

A．meant

B．stopped

C．intended

D．inspired

8.

A．arrived

B．left

C．reached

D．went

9.

A．end

B．beginning

C．happening

D．achievement

10.

A．new

B．old

C．man-made

D．natural

11.

A．later

B．before

C．ago

D．behind

12.

A．connected

B．referred

C．returned

D．turned

13.

A．environment

B．evidence

C．time

D．support

14.

A．created

B．built

C．founded

D．set

15.

A．costs

B．spends

C．pays

D．devotes

16.

A．bravery

B．presence

C．experiences

D．appearance

17.

A．animals

B．youth

C．human

D．adults

18.

A．little

B．many

C．much

D．few

19.

A．field

B．university

C．institute

D．forest

20.

A．imagination

B．desire

C．understanding

D．protection

8 . “Just sign here, sir,” the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package.

The package consisted of a long, narrow box _______ wrapped in brown paper. _______ the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside — a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle. _______ he had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it _______.

Oscar was 16 when he first saw the _______ umbrella. He had gone to a concert with his grandparents. As they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. Impressed by its _______， Oscar felt a strong desire to find its _______.

Oscar _______ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. Just as he thought, a name matched the seat _______ Oscar had found the umbrella. The name was Mrs. Katie O'Brien.

Oscar talked this grandparents into going by Mrs. O'Brien's ________ on their way home. He rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared. “May I ________ you？” she asked.

“I'd like to return it if it's yours，” Oscar said, ________ the umbrella as if presenting a ________ that had long been wished for.

“Why, yes! It's mine，” replied Mrs. O'Brien with a ________ smile and shining eyes. “It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much for returning it. May I offer you a reward for your ________？”

“No, ma'am,” he said, “My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”

“Well, that's ________ what my father used to say. What is your name, young man？”

Years later Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs. O'Brien. It was in perfect condition, considering how ________ it was. Why had it arrived here today?

As if ________， a note fell from the paper. It read: Mrs. O'Brien wanted you to ________ this umbrella as a present for a kind, ________ gesture long ago.

1.

A．strictly

B．carefully

C．roughly

D．casually

2.

A．Opening

B．Seizing

C．Observing

D．Searching

3.

A．After

B．When

C．Since

D．Although

4.

A．clearly

B．fully

C．immediately

D．suddenly

5.

A．average

B．unusual

C．plain

D．typical

6.

A．beauty

B．shape

C．origin

D．history

7.

A．designer

B．seller

C．user

D．owner

8.

A．convinced

B．forced

C．encouraged

D．advised

9.

A．until

B．before

C．which

D．where

10.

A．family

B．theater

C．house

D．neighborhood

11.

A．invite

B．help

C．bother

D．know

12.

A．putting up

B．turning out

C．picking up

D．holding out

13.

A．chance

B．fact

C．gift

D．result

14.

A．wide

B．confident

C．proud

D．shy

15.

A．patience

B．kindness

C．courage

D．determination

16.

A．obviously

B．naturally

C．exactly

D．probably

17.

A．old

B．rare

C．precious

D．nice

18.

A．in contrast

B．in return

C．in exchange

D．in answer

19.

A．possess

B．accept

C．carry

D．value

20.

A．attractive

B．significant

C．unselfish

D．sympathetic

9 . Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

1. The text mainly discusses the relationship between ________.

A．heart problems and air quality

B．heart problems and exercising

C．heart problems and smoking

D．heart problems and fatty food

2. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.

A．relatively high	B．extremely low
C．relatively low	D．extremely high

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

4. The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.

A．inform	B．persuade
C．describe	D．entertain

10 . That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother_______me to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning,  _________,I felt like getting up early.

I stood by my window overlooking the _________, having nothing better to do. But as it turned out, I was soon to learn about something _________ in life.

As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I _________ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its _________ and a basket rags and bottles on its back-carriage. He _________ from one car to another, washing and cleaning them. From the water on the ground, it seemed that he had already _________ washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars. He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.

Several thoughts _________my mind as I watched him work. He wasn’t well-dressed. He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) __________ T-shirt. The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern __________would want to be seen riding on. But he seemed__________ with life. There he was, working hard at his small business, __________ at passers-by and stopping to chat now and then __________ elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.

There was a noticeable touch of__________ in the way he seemed to be doing things— __________the windscreen, then standing back to admire it; scrubbing the wheels and __________, standing back to see what they look like after the scrub.

It was a __________ to learn, I felt. At no age need one have to beg for a __________if one has good health and is willing to work hard. For a while I felt ________ of myself. Young as I am—just sixteen, and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.

1.

A．forces

B．allows

C．causes

D．forbids

2.

A．otherwise

B．therefore

C．however

D．besides

3.

A．parking lot

B．bus stop

C．school

D．market

4.

A．interesting

B．surprising

C．awful

D．useful

5.

A．noticed

B．recognized

C．called

D．assisted

6.

A．back

B．handle

C．wheel

D．seat

7.

A．searched

B．left

C．moved

D．wandered

8.

A．stopped

B．started

C．intended

D．finished

9.

A．crossed

B．slipped

C．disturbed

D．inspired

10.

A．attractive

B．shiny

C．simple

D．expensive

11.

A．repairmen

B．businessmen

C．drivers

D．cyclists

12.

A．busy

B．content

C．careful

D．bored

13.

A．waving

B．looking

C．laughing

D．pointing

14.

A．about

B．for

C．with

D．like

15.

A．worry

B．respect

C．sympathy

D．pride

16.

A．cleaning

B．fixing

C．replacing

D．covering

17.

A．still

B．yet

C．again

D．soon

18.

A．lesson

B．subject

C．skill

D．fact

19.

A．business

B．living

C．success

D．right

20.

A．tired

B．doubtful

C．fearful

D．ashamed