1 . For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
1. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A.It promoted the sales of artworks. | B.It attracted a large number of visitors. |
C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes. | D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models. |
A.They are setting the fashion. | B.They start many fashion campaigns. |
C.They admire super models. | D.They do business all over the world. |
A.learning from | B.looking down on | C.working with | D.competing against |
A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World |
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York |
C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics |
D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends |
2 . During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however,
Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction (演绎) is also not a
Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic
A.inquires | B.requires | C.receives | D.inspires |
A.difficult | B.easy | C.possible | D.necessary |
A.copy | B.focus | C.find | D.clean |
A.however | B.moreover | C.because | D.nevertheless |
A.disturb | B.seem | C.occur | D.disappear |
A.solution | B.approach | C.problem | D.wonder |
A.official | B.annual | C.objective | D.alternative |
A.predicted | B.presented | C.postponed | D.preferred |
A.available | B.outstanding | C.attractive | D.evident |
A.by means of | B.moreover | C.in spite of | D.however |
A.focus | B.analysis | C.object | D.target |
A.describe | B.grasp | C.link | D.force |
A.conclusions | B.appointments | C.aspects | D.contents |
A.react | B.establish | C.memorize | D.leave |
A.enhanced | B.invented | C.contrasted | D.behaved |
3 . Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t
“Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and
One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of
The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can
To see how reading was affected by noise
“In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was
There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us
With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the
A.reinforce | B.estimate | C.affect | D.interpret |
A.First of all | B.For example | C.Above all | D.To start with |
A.context | B.efficiency | C.comprehension | D.device |
A.evaluated | B.identified | C.established | D.employed |
A.individual | B.different | C.new | D.unfamiliar |
A.confirm | B.imply | C.refer | D.infer |
A.exploit | B.spare | C.commit | D.consume |
A.on account of | B.regardless of | C.in regard to | D.in contrast to |
A.make up for | B.live up to | C.catch up with | D.put up with |
A.declined | B.shrank | C.expanded | D.increased |
A.embarrassing | B.depressing | C.puzzling | D.annoying |
A.associated | B.compared | C.replaced | D.mixed |
A.take | B.set | C.rely | D.base |
A.accompanying | B.strange | C.deafening | D.distant |
A.Therefore | B.However | C.Instead | D.Otherwise |
4 . History has not yet
Whatever we
Historian Neil Howe sees
A.remarked | B.convinced | C.guaranteed | D.revealed |
A.numbers | B.houses | C.accommodates | D.contains |
A.peers | B.adolescents | C.folks | D.guys |
A.over | B.without | C.besides | D.beyond |
A.diagnosed | B.dismissed | C.labeled | D.coined |
A.end up | B.consider about | C.appeal for | D.approve of |
A.distribution force | B.purchasing power | C.global view | D.unique outlooks |
A.vivid | B.instructive | C.instant | D.profitable |
A.feed up with | B.put up with | C.make up for | D.identify with |
A.faking | B.revising | C.illustrating | D.maintaining |
A.supervising | B.forming | C.representing | D.promoting |
A.parallels | B.contrasts | C.comparisons | D.reservations |
A.because | B.although | C.while | D.when |
A.emphasis | B.generation | C.intensity | D.cultivation |
A.routes | B.schemes | C.names | D.definitions |
5 . If at first you don’t succeed, as the old saying goes, try, try again. Good advice, up to a point. But let me offer a
Consider the advice for job interviews in Talent, a new book by economist Tyler Cowen and venture capitalist Daniel Gross. They suggest asking a(n)
Indeed, one way to describe this tactic is that the interviewer is asking for answers in
While that approach is
A striking example of parallel design is the creation of the Windows 95 startup sound. Microsoft was looking for an opportunity to
Eno recalls receiving a brief, asking for music that was “inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic... there were about 150
Eno describes himself as being “completely bereft of ideas” at the time. He found the brief both hilarious and inspiring. In the end he
Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, in their delightful book Designing Your Life, suggest an exercise in which you sketch out a vision for the next five years of your life. What will you be doing? Where will you live and with whom? Are you hoping to run a marathon? Start a business? Write a novel?
This is often a straightforward act of
I’ve tried this myself and seen others try it. People squirm. They protest. Sometimes they cry. And then, sooner or later, the ideas start pouring out.
We all contain
A.suggestion | B.promotion | C.recommendation | D.modification |
A.routine | B.academic | C.personal | D.controversial |
A.presented | B.exhausted | C.challenged | D.accepted |
A.style | B.parallel | C.detail | D.privacy |
A.fundamental | B.flexible | C.unconventional | D.practical |
A.distinct | B.determined | C.deliberate | D.vain |
A.dismiss | B.restrict | C.explore | D.overlook |
A.inevitably | B.accidentally | C.theoretically | D.eventually |
A.scale up | B.figure out | C.experiment on | D.show off |
A.adjectives | B.statements | C.variables | D.copyrights |
A.purchased | B.composed | C.performed | D.appreciated |
A.exhibited | B.created | C.broke | D.underestimated |
A.aggressiveness | B.imagination | C.wisdom | D.will |
A.dart | B.score | C.drawing | D.notice |
A.emotions | B.ambitions | C.desires | D.multitudes |
6 . A study of teenage girls’ selfie-taking (自拍) behaviors found that taking and sharing selfies on social media is not linked to poor body image or appearance concerns. However, when adolescent girls spend too much time struggling over which photo of themselves to post, or rely heavily on editing apps to alter their images, there may be cause for concern.
The study, by researchers at the University of Arizona, found that selfie editing and time invested in creating and selecting the perfect selfie were both related to self-objectification, which led to body shame, appearance anxiety and more negative appearance evaluations in teen girls. “Self-objectification is the idea that you come to think of yourself as an external object to be viewed by other people,” said senior study author Jennifer Aubrey, an associate professor at the UA.
Based on a study of 278 teenage girls, “Our main finding was that we really shouldn’t be too worried about kids who take selfies and share them; that’s not where the negative effects come from. It’s the investment and the editing that yielded negative effects,” Aubrey said. “Selfie editing and selfie investment predicted self-objectification, and girls who self-objectify were more likely to feel shameful about their bodies or anxious about their appearance.”
“Self-objectification is the pathway to so many things in adolescence that we want to prevent,” Aubrey said. “So, interventions really should focus on how we can encourage girls to develop an awareness of themselves that doesn’t only depend on what they look like to other people.” The researchers said parents and caregivers of adolescent girls should be aware that if a teen seems to be obsessed (痴迷的), it might be time for a talk.
The researchers also note that there can be different motivations for sharing selfies. “Selfies are a part of the media landscape, but you should post them for reasons other than trying to get people to admire your appearance or your body.” Aubrey said. With an estimated 93 million selfies taken each day, they aren’t going away anytime soon, nor should they. The important thing to remember is: Selfies aren’t bad. Just don’t obsess.
1. What behavior of adolescent girls may cause concern?A.Taking selfies. |
B.Caring about their images. |
C.Sharing selfies on social media. |
D.Overusing editing apps to beautify their images. |
A.It predicts selfie investment. | B.It is linked to selfie obsession. |
C.It prevents problems in adolescence. | D.It contributes to objective evaluation. |
A.When to have a talk with teen girls. | B.When to end selfie-taking behaviors. |
C.How to help form a healthy self-awareness. | D.How to prevent teenage girls' craze for selfies. |
A.A travel brochure. | B.A science newspaper. |
C.A psychology textbook. | D.An entertainment magazine. |
7 . Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching one has been the inevitable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once considered suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament (装饰) to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs?A.English-language newspapers with more arts coverage sell well. |
B.Young readers nowadays enjoy reading high-quality arts criticism. |
C.The criticism published in the 20th century lacked learned contents. |
D.There were more arts reviews in English-language newspapers in the past. |
A.The newsprint was too cheap to make profits. |
B.Not all writers were capable of journalistic writing. |
C.Arts criticism was removed from the print newspapers. |
D.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism. |
A.Because he mainly wrote essays on the game of cricket. |
B.Because people cast doubt on his reputation as a knight. |
C.Because his music criticism failed to appeal to readers nowadays. |
D.Because his works were quite amateur rather than professional. |
A.The Distinguished Critics in Memory | B.The Lost Horizon in Newspapers |
C.The Shortage of Literary Geniuses | D.The Newspapers of the Good Old Days |
8 . We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will
So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such
Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real
We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure
A.carve | B.change | C.replace | D.threaten |
A.Besides | B.However | C.Therefore | D.Likewise |
A.economically | B.psychologically | C.environmentally | D.socially |
A.urbanization | B.cooperation | C.competition | D.automation |
A.outcomes | B.forecasts | C.excuses | D.reflections |
A.damage | B.emergency | C.production | D.unemployment |
A.dumped | B.shelved | C.created | D.testified |
A.trouble-maker | B.time-saver | C.game-changer | D.truth-seeker |
A.physical | B.mental | C.social | D.mathematical |
A.By contrast | B.For example | C.As a result | D.In addition |
A.analyzing | B.copying | C.walking | D.measuring |
A.go in for | B.make do with | C.turn away from | D.catch up with |
A.environment | B.connection | C.estimation | D.advantage |
A.dampened | B.defined | C.fueled | D.doubted |
A.appealing | B.replacing | C.standardizing | D.diversifying |
9 . Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.
Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.
That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.
The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.
Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.
1. We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .A.doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for them |
B.antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predicted |
C.new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of them |
D.previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems |
A.They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria. |
B.They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill. |
C.They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance. |
D.They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria. |
A.there is little chance of patenting phages in the future |
B.governments provide financial support for other research |
C.the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interest |
D.over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages |
A.Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics. |
B.Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis. |
C.Development of antibiotics is limited by phages. |
D.Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics. |
10 . I write this on a spring morning, in the van I have called home for two years now.
From one small window, I have a view of joggers pounding the sunny path by the Oxford Canal, and the other looks onto the busy railway line along which trains travel from Southampton Docks to Birmingham.
The woods where I’ve parked my van have grown up between them. This ancient van, a vehicle designed for freedom and the open road, has proved a stable solution for surviving the current housing crisis.
I became a travel writer after my studies ended, committing to brief “residencies” with museums and art centres—where temporary accommodation is often provided in exchange for producing new work about a community. Over the years that followed, living and working on location in the polar regions or Scandinavia or the Alps, not settling down for very long, meant wherever I landed was always “home”.
During the pandemic it was necessary to adopt a more permanent engagement with locality. Oxford had often drawn me back. It’s a crossroads of reality and the imagination, the perfect city for a writer.
It takes a surprising amount of work to keep a tiny home in order: buying a used van online; ensuring the smooth running of a gas cooker and car batteries; fetching water and emptying the mobile toilet. I began to enjoy taking care of my immediate surroundings. Over the summer, I worked to turn waste-ground into a wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants.
I made friends with the self-sufficient boaters living nearby, always ready to share knowledge on the low-carbon simplicity of life without electricity. I’ve learnt that comfort can be found away from the bright infrastructure of urban life: in watching the birds that nest in the tree and the foxes playing in the woods at dawn, in making a cup of coffee on a spring morning.
My step away from conventional housing has been a necessary act of personal economy, but the benefits include taking nothing for granted, and unexpected delight.
1. Why did the writer make the van his home?A.Because the feature of the van and that of his occupation are matching. |
B.Because the van is equivalent to a crossroads of reality and the imagination. |
C.Because the views of joggers and trains outside the van can relieve his pressure. |
D.Because living and working on location in the polar regions are appealing to him. |
A.a used van | B.a gas cooker | C.a wild garden | D.a mobile toilet |
A.Joining joggers to do exercise. | B.Keeping a tiny home in order easily. |
C.Improving the economy of Oxford. | D.Embracing delightful surprises. |
A.Cautious. | B.Ironical. | C.Favorable. | D.Neutral. |