1 . This page provides information and guidance about hands-only CPR and CPR with rescue breaths for children over one year old.
Hands-only CPR
To carry out a chest compression (压缩):
Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of the person’s chest.
Place your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers.
Position yourself with your shoulders above your hands.
Using your body weight (not just your arms), press straight down by 5-6cm (2-2.5 inches) on their chest.
Keeping your hands on their chest, release the compression and allow the chest to return to its original position.
Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 times per minute until an ambulance arrives or you become exhausted.
CPR with rescue breaths
For children over one year old:
Open the child’s airway by placing one hand on the child’s forehead and gently tilting their head back and lifting the chin. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose.
Pinch their nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth, checking that their chest rises. Give five initial rescue breaths.
Place the heel of one hand on the center of their chest and push down by 5cm(about two inches), which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. The quality (depth)of chest compressions is very important. Use two hands if you can’t achieve a depth of 5cmusing one hand.
After every 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, give two breaths.
Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help arrives.
1. What’s the first step of CPR with rescue breaths for children?| A．To blow into their mouth. | B．To do 30 chest compressions. |
| C．To clear something blocking the airway. | D．To push hands down on the chest by 5cm. |
| A．To apply chest compressions properly. |
| B．To call an ambulance for treatment. |
| C．To put oneself in a particular position. |
| D．To blow steadily and firmly into the mouth. |
| A．A business report. | B．A fashion magazine. |
| C．An emergency brochure. | D．A travel journal. |
2 . When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds,” he was really onto something. According to a recent survey, “Most days or every day” in 2020, nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month. So you’re a little sleepy — no big deal, right? Wrong. A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health.
Happiness is the first to suffer. Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient (不足的) sleep — you can be foggy, inattentive, and bad-tempered. A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress, and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. When lacking sleep, people felt annoyed more and easier, and things feel less fun.
More seriously, sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety. In 2014, Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years.
Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease — insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection, it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.
Whether you are a sleep-deprived student, or workaholic, or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者), attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.
1. Why does the author mention Shakespeare?| A．To show Shakespeare’s wisdom. |
| B．To introduce the topic of sleep loss. |
| C．To highlight a serious health problem. |
| D．To give reported evidence of sleep debt. |
| A．It made people feel negative. | B．It led to poor eyesight. |
| C．It caused depression and anxiety. | D．It was not worth much concern. |
| A．Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss. |
| B．Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease. |
| C．Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society. |
| D．Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic. |
| A．To confirm sleep loss is a disease. |
| B．To advocate getting sufficient sleep. |
| C．To tackle widespread sleep problem. |
| D．To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt. |
3 . What goes on in our brains when we decide to hit the share button, and what makes something go viral? Since the dawn of the Internet, businesses, media outlets and influencers alike have been trying to answer these questions. Now, researchers have come one step closer to cracking this mysterious model by shining a light on the neuroscience (神经科学) of viral content.
“Our study finds a way to obtain brain signals that would predict how much information gets shared.” said Emily Falk, professor of communication, psychology and marketing and Hang-Yee Chan, a lecturer of communication.
Their new study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on October 23, investigated both the U. S. and the Netherlands using a broader range of news categories—including health and climate change.
“When we see greater activation of regions that track self-relevance (Is it important to me) and social-relevance (Is it important to people I know), the news articles are more likely to be shared widely,” Falk and Chan said. By studying these brain responses, the team managed to build a value-based model to accurately predict how widely the articles would be shared online. This link between brain activity and sharing was seen in both the American and Dutch participants, suggesting that this model is accurate across cultures.
“Seeing how people’s brains react inside the scanner gives us insight into why people ultimately share information nowadays,” Chan said. “If we understand these signals, we might be able to use that knowledge to help important news get shared and stop misinformation from going viral.” It is also helpful for content creators to maximize their reach. “Our current study demonstrates how tapping into the brain would help content creators optimize their messages’ influence,” Falk and Chan said. “We are interested in building on these results to develop ways to counter harmful information and false news, in addition to spreading high-quality content.” “A lot of our most pressing problems in society are influenced by the decisions people make, and the decisions we make are influenced by the news. What you share matters, and so understanding why you share it matters, too.”
1. What do researchers intend to do in their study?| A．To find a way to get brain signals. |
| B．To work out a mysterious model. |
| C．To use a broad range of news categories. |
| D．To predict how much information get shared. |
| A．The basis and process of the study. |
| B．The way to predict brain activation. |
| C．The pattern of a value-based model. |
| D．The reason why certain news is shared. |
| A．To solve most urgent problems. |
| B．To understand why viral news matter. |
| C．To influence the decisions people will make. |
| D．To better the efficiency of positive publicity. |
| A．How to Share a Viral News |
| B．How to Obtain Brain Signals |
| C．How Certain Studies Get Shared |
| D．How Brain Identifies Viral Content |
4 . I never thought that I had to move to another state at 14. I was doubly
My family got
Soon I got
I happened to
“This is not just a material thing; this indicates our strong
| A．guilty | B．sad | C．nervous | D．shameful |
| A．involved | B．interested | C．bored | D．skilled |
| A．cover | B．table | C．shelf | D．list |
| A．sincerely | B．especially | C．partly | D．previously |
| A．sell | B．deliver | C．gift | D．lend |
| A．engaged | B．annoyed | C．connected | D．disappointed |
| A．spread | B．heard | C．broke | D．brought |
| A．lessons | B．chances | C．times | D．fames |
| A．talk about | B．comment on | C．refer to | D．call at |
| A．success | B．event | C．scene | D．affair |
| A．keen | B．dependent | C．strict | D．upset |
| A．thank | B．love | C．respect | D．hope |
| A．takes back | B．holds up | C．puts away | D．passes on |
| A．character | B．support | C．link | D．ability |
| A．value | B．source | C．quality | D．effect |
5 . It’s one of Hollywood’s favorite stories: human beings use only 10 percent of their brain, and awakening the remaining 90 percent allows otherwise ordinary human beings to display extraordinary mental abilities. Scarlett Johansson becomes a superpowered Kongfu master in Lucy (2014). And in Limitless (2011) Bradley Cooper writes a novel overnight. But the truth is that we use all of our brain all of the time.
How do we know? For one thing, if we needed only 10 percent of our brain, the majority of brain injuries would have no obvious consequences, since the damage would affect parts of the brain that weren’t doing anything to begin with. We also know that natural selection discourages the development of useless structures. Tougher immune systems, stronger muscles, better looking hair—just about anything would be more useful than having a head full of useless tissue.
We’ve been able to back up these logical conclusions with hard evidence. Imaging techniques allow doctors and scientists to map brain activity in real time. The data clearly shows that large areas of the brain—far more than 10 percent—are used for all sorts of activity, from seemingly simple tasks like resting or looking at pictures to more complex ones like reading or doing math.
So how did we come to believe that 90 percent of our brain is useless? The myth is often incorrectly attributed to (归因于) 19th-century psychologist William James, who proposed that most of our mental potential goes untapped. But he never made clear a percentage. In reality, the concept most likely came from the American self-help industry.
Obviously, this is bad news for anyone hoping to find the secret to becoming a genius overnight. The good news, though, is that hard work still works. There is plenty of reason to believe that you can build brainpower by regularly working at challenging mental tasks, such as playing a musical instrument, doing arithmetic, or reading a novel.
1. What does the author agree with?| A．Hollywood’s superstars are popular. | B．Humans employ all our brain. |
| C．Only 10 percent of human brain is used. | D．90 percent humans are ordinary. |
| A．By telling stories. | B．By making comparison. |
| C．By reasoning logically. | D．By explaining concepts. |
| A．Common sense. | B．Wrong idea. | C．Accurate answer. | D．Abstract theory. |
| A．Work hard constantly. | B．Believe in themselves. |
| C．Face challenges bravely. | D．Find the secret to success. |
6 . It’s possible that Chris Raven is the only person in the UK making baroque flutes (长笛). But far from having a lifetime of making instruments behind him, he started out at 70, after decades working in IT. He turns 80 in a month. Yet, in childhood, he loved woodwork. As he says: “You can plant a seed in a child’s mind. And the seed stays.”
Raven grew up in a musical household, in Chelmsford, Essex. Raven played the flute until he lost interest as a teenager. But he rediscovered his love of the instrument in his 40s when he won lessons at his daughter’s school fundraiser. Twenty years ago, he founded a flute choir.
It was after his mother died that he found his old school reports in his parents’ desk. But when he read his old reports he was taken aback: “The two subjects that I did consistently well at-which nobody seemed to spot at the time-were music and woodwork.” he says. “I made stuff as a child and I was good at it.” Rather than feeling minded to look back and wonder if he might have made different career decisions, Raven’s discovery was more a case of him noticing his gift, he says.
About 10 years ago, Raven signed up for an Irish flute-making workshop, followed by a baroque flute-making workshop. He cleared out the garage of the home, and equipped it with various tools to make flutes. His childhood passion “was revived” in baroque flutes and flute boxes.
“It’s been all-consuming,” he says. He spends at least four days a week “on my own in the workshop”. “Flute making, and box making, is not a living so much as a hobby,” says Raven. “I feel real passion and more creation about a new design.”
1. How long has Raven been a flute maker?| A．For his whole life. | B．Since ten years ago. |
| C．Since his childhood. | D．For several decades. |
| A．They awoke his hidden talent. | B．They led him to a wrong career. |
| C．They brought back old memories. | D．They made him feel Mom’s love. |
| A．He feels stuck in his career. | B．He works for an Irish workshop. |
| C．He gets some helpers in his work. | D．He unites his two passions after 70. |
| A．A Popular Flute Maker | B．Raven’s Lifelong Hobbies |
| C．A New Start after Retirement | D．Music-Raven’s Childhood Love |
7 . Group of students is aiming to become the first non-government, non-commercial team to send a rocket to space. The team’s Aurora rocket, set to launch from California this month, is designed to reach a top speed of Mach 5.2 and break through Earth’s atmosphere. If successful, it will be the second student-led team to reach space, and the first to do it with a reusable rocket.
The Karman Space Programme (KSP) was founded by students. They designed the craft, which consists of two separate stages, each with its own engine fuelled (提供燃料) by liquid oxygen and ethanol. Each stage will fire for just over 20 seconds, and the rocket will be travelling at 5522 kilometres an hour at its peak speed. About 100 seconds after launch, it will reach its highest point and then should begin falling back to Earth for a soft landing by parachute (降落伞). KSP’s chairman, Shapol M. says the KSP mission will use multi-stage liquid engines like commercial launchers, recover all sections of the rocket and could, in theory, be turned around for a second launch within 24 hours.
The team is planning to launch Aurora from a site in the Mojave desert in California on 24September. “Launching outside the UK is a huge pain, but there isn’t a place right now to launch up to these altitudes in the UK. It’s a real shame,” says Shapol.
Shapol says it is hard to predict what will happen at launch, but preparations have included tests of many components. The team’s previous rockets include Vega, powered by the same engine as Aurora’s second stage. “We’ve tried to fail as much as possible before, so that we don’t fail on the big one,” says Shapol.
1. What’s special about Aurora rocket?| A．It can be recycled. | B．It is the fastest in the world. |
| C．It is quite profitable. | D．It belongs to the government. |
| A．The challenge in rocket design. | B．The KSP’s new mission. |
| C．The expected process of the launch. | D．The first students’ space shot. |
| A．It is rather difficult to launch the rocket. |
| B．Launching outside the UK is unacceptable. |
| C．The launch has to be carried out in the desert. |
| D．There is no suitable site for this launch in the UK. |
| A．Objective. | B．Optimistic. | C．Critical. | D．Doubtful. |
8 . Welcome to Gemini, an advanced application that leads the art of AI painting and portraiture! We combine AI technology with art to provide you with an extraordinary creative experience. Whether you’re an artist, photographer, or just someone who loves creating, Gemini will be your creative partner.
Feature Highlights:
1. AI painting tools: Let AI become your creative partner. Use Gemini’s AI painting tools to easily create fascinating works of art. Choose a style, color, theme, and let the magic of AI begin!
2. AI photo editing: Gemini’s AI photo editing function can make your photos more eye-catching. Beautify, filter (滤镜), style switch -all in one click to bring your photos to life.
3. Creative Toolbox: Explore a wealth of creative tools, including brushes, color adjustments, layer management, and more, to launch your creativity, whether you’re a beginner or a professional.
4. Multi-platform sharing: Share your artwork with the world, or use it as a social media cover, wallpaper or business card background.
5. Privacy and security: We value your privacy. Your artwork is only stored on your device and is not uploaded to the cloud or third-party servers.
Gemini is an app designed for creators, artists, and art lovers to offer endless creative possibilities. Release your creativity and turn ordinary photos into masterpieces (杰作), or explore new areas of painting with the power of AI.
Other information:
Support URL: https://civitai.com/ Category: Utilities E-mail: geminisupport@gmail.com Size: 99.3 MB Language: English Age Rating: 4+ Price: Free |
| A．A free AI chatting tool. | B．An advanced camera. |
| C．An eye-catching project. | D．An AI-based application. |
| A．Helping make artworks. | B．Designing an online platform. |
| C．Creating individual courses. | D．Uploading pictures to the cloud. |
| A．Working partners. | B．Children of all ages. |
| C．Application designers. | D．Painters loving creating. |
9 . A working semiconductor (半导体) has been created from graphene(石墨烯), potentially laying the foundation for a new type of computer with greater speed and efficiency than today’s silicon chips(硅基芯片) allow.
Graphene, a material made from a single layer of carbon atoms, is a good electrical conductor resistant to heat and acids. But a working graphene semiconductor which can be controlled to conduct or separate electricity at will, has evaded scientists. Such semiconductors are key to creating the logic chips that power computers.
The problem has been the lack of what is known as a bandgap. Semiconductors have bands of higher and lower energies and a point—the bandgap—at which excited electrons can jump from one to the other. This effectively allows the flow of current to be switched on and off, so it is either conducting or not conducting, creating the binary system of zeroes and ones used in digital computers.
Now, Walter de Heer at the Georgia Institute of Technology and his colleagues have created graphene with a bandgap and demonstrated a working transistor, an on/off switch that either prevents or allows current to flow through it. De Heer said the electrical properties of a graphene semiconductor were far better than those of silicon chips. “It’s like driving on a rocky road versus driving on a freeway,” he said.
Silicon chips are cheap to make and backed by extensive production facilities, but we are reaching their limits. Moore’s law states the number of transistors in a circuit will double roughly every two years, but the rate of downsizing has slowed recently as engineers reach circuit concentration beyond which electrons can’t be reliably controlled.
“You can use all the technology the whole semiconductor industry is totally comfortable with to scale up this process,” says David Carey at the University of Surrey, UK. But he suspects the world will soon shift to graphene chips, because silicon has such a head start. “Most people working on silicon are bombed daily by new, wonderful materials that are about to replace it and none of it’s ever happened,” he says.
1. What does the underlined word “evaded” probably mean in paragraph 2?| A．Surprised. | B．Attracted. | C．Annoyed. | D．Puzzled. |
| A．It excites the jump of electrons. | B．It creates the system of zero s and ones. |
| C．It balances the higher and lower energies. | D．It allows the on and off of the current flow. |
| A．Superior electrical characteristics. | B．Stronger production support. |
| C．Lower development cost. | D．Slower downsizing rate. |
| A．Uncaring. | B．Favorable. | C．Doubtful. | D．Disapproving. |
10 . Science fiction has long entertained the idea of artificial intelligence becoming conscious (有意识的). Many researchers say that AI systems aren’t yet at the point of consciousness, but the pace of AI evolution (发展) has got them considering: how would we know if they were?
To answer this, a group of 19 neuroscientists (神经系统科学家), philosophers and computer scientists have come up with a checklist of standards that, if met, would indicate whether a system has a high chance of being conscious. The authors made the effort because “it seemed like there was a real lack of detailed, thoughtful discussion of AI consciousness,” says co-author Robert Long, a philosopher at the Center for AI Safety.
The team says that a failure to identify whether an AI system has become conscious has important moral implications. If something has been labelled “conscious”, according to co-author Megan Peters, a neuroscientist at the University of California, “that changes a lot about how we as human beings feel that entity (独立存在的个体) should be treated”. Long adds that, as far as he can tell, not enough effort has been made by the companies building advanced AI systems to evaluate the models for consciousness and make plans for what to do if that happens.
One of the challenges in studying consciousness in AI is defining what it means to be conscious. Peters says that for the report, the researchers focused on “phenomenal consciousness”.
Many neuroscience-based theories describe the biological basis of consciousness. But there is no agreement on which is the right one. To create their framework, the authors therefore used a range of these theories. The idea is that if an AI system functions in a way that matches aspects of many of these theories, then there is a greater likelihood that it is conscious.
They argue that this is a better approach to assessing consciousness than simply putting a system through a behavioural test — say, asking ChatGPT whether it is conscious, or challenging it and seeing how it responds. That’s because AI systems have become remarkably good at mimicking (模仿) humans.
1. What does Robert Long say about present research on AI consciousness?| A．It is far from enough. |
| B．It is progressing rapidly. |
| C．It has shown promising insights into it. |
| D．It has learnt a lot from previous research. |
| A．Their final applications. |
| B．How humans treat them. |
| C．Their moral responsibilities. |
| D．How humans make future; plans. |
| A．Providing a definition of it. |
| B．Uncovering the reason behind it. |
| C．Measuring AI’s ability to mimic humans. |
| D．Comparing AI consciousness and human consciousness. |
| A．By observing its responses to digital signals and online questions. |
| B．By checking its understanding of some neuroscience-based theories. |
| C．By comparing its functional patterns with neuroscience-based theories. |
| D．By conducting experiments and tests to measure its level of self-awareness. |
