1 . Organic farming is simply farming _____________ any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and _____________disease through natural means.
有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。

2 . 选词填空

turn down       be composed of       take over              turn out conflict with       rely on       be absorbed in              give off

1. When a robot’s behavior _________________ the orders given by human beings, as is indicated in Three Laws of Robotics, it will pose a threat to human existence.
2. When _________________ something they truly like, people may enter the flow state (流畅心理状态) and lose their sense of time and have a feeling of satisfaction.
3. Phytoplankton (浮游植物) live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while _________________ oxygen.
4. At some point of life, one may feel the need to have someone _________________, whether it is to help them out or just listen to their inner thoughts.
5. _________________ several tines, the gift for the house-warming party was finally accepted by my Chinese friend.
6. What you had expected to be an easy final exam _________________ to be a challenging one.
7. Last month Kalan was appointed by the board of directors _________________ the position of Helen, who retired as accountant at the time.
8. The rescue team, _________________ troops and medical workers from different countries, will be sent to the earthquake-stricken areas.

3 . Drip irrigation (滴灌), an effective way of water c_________________ made by Israel, sets an example for countries and regions who also lack water. (根据首字母单词拼写)

4 . Although retired, my grandpa is so e_________________ about volunteer work that he is actively involved in various community services, such as clean-up campaigns. (根据首字母单词拼写)

5 . If your mind goes b_________________, you are suddenly unable to think of anything appropriate to say, for example in reply to a question.(根据首字母单词拼写)

6 . The UNESCO World Heritage Center repeatedly urges that some cultural relics in Egypt _________________ (restore) in order to prevent them from collapse. (所给词的适当形式填空)

7 . It was the staff’s resolution and _________________ (persevere) that helped this corporation carry through its goal and succeed eventually. (所给词的适当形式填空)

8 . This page provides information and guidance about hands-only CPR and CPR with rescue breaths for children over one year old.

Hands-only CPR

To carry out a chest compression (压缩):

Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of the person’s chest.

Place your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers.

Position yourself with your shoulders above your hands.

Using your body weight (not just your arms), press straight down by 5-6cm (2-2.5 inches) on their chest.

Keeping your hands on their chest, release the compression and allow the chest to return to its original position.

Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 times per minute until an ambulance arrives or you become exhausted.

CPR with rescue breaths

For children over one year old:

Open the child’s airway by placing one hand on the child’s forehead and gently tilting their head back and lifting the chin. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose.

Pinch their nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth, checking that their chest rises. Give five initial rescue breaths.

Place the heel of one hand on the center of their chest and push down by 5cm(about two inches), which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. The quality (depth)of chest compressions is very important. Use two hands if you can’t achieve a depth of 5cmusing one hand.

After every 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, give two breaths.

Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help arrives.

1. What’s the first step of CPR with rescue breaths for children?

A．To blow into their mouth.	B．To do 30 chest compressions.
C．To clear something blocking the airway.	D．To push hands down on the chest by 5cm.

2. What critical step do the two CPRs have in common?

A．To apply chest compressions properly.

B．To call an ambulance for treatment.

C．To put oneself in a particular position.

D．To blow steadily and firmly into the mouth.

3. Where is this text probably taken from?

A．A business report.	B．A fashion magazine.
C．An emergency brochure.	D．A travel journal.

9 . When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds,” he was really onto something. According to a recent survey, “Most days or every day” in 2020, nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month. So you’re a little sleepy — no big deal, right? Wrong. A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health.

Happiness is the first to suffer. Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient (不足的) sleep — you can be foggy, inattentive, and bad-tempered. A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress, and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. When lacking sleep, people felt annoyed more and easier, and things feel less fun.

More seriously, sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety. In 2014, Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years.

Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease — insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection, it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.

Whether you are a sleep-deprived student, or workaholic, or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者), attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.

1. Why does the author mention Shakespeare?

A．To show Shakespeare’s wisdom.

B．To introduce the topic of sleep loss.

C．To highlight a serious health problem.

D．To give reported evidence of sleep debt.

2. What does the paper in Health Psychology tell us about insufficient sleep?

A．It made people feel negative.	B．It led to poor eyesight.
C．It caused depression and anxiety.	D．It was not worth much concern.

3. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A．Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss.

B．Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease.

C．Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society.

D．Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic.

4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?

A．To confirm sleep loss is a disease.

B．To advocate getting sufficient sleep.

C．To tackle widespread sleep problem.

D．To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt.

10 . What goes on in our brains when we decide to hit the share button, and what makes something go viral? Since the dawn of the Internet, businesses, media outlets and influencers alike have been trying to answer these questions. Now, researchers have come one step closer to cracking this mysterious model by shining a light on the neuroscience (神经科学) of viral content.

“Our study finds a way to obtain brain signals that would predict how much information gets shared.” said Emily Falk, professor of communication, psychology and marketing and Hang-Yee Chan, a lecturer of communication.

Their new study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on October 23, investigated both the U. S. and the Netherlands using a broader range of news categories—including health and climate change.

“When we see greater activation of regions that track self-relevance (Is it important to me) and social-relevance (Is it important to people I know), the news articles are more likely to be shared widely,” Falk and Chan said. By studying these brain responses, the team managed to build a value-based model to accurately predict how widely the articles would be shared online. This link between brain activity and sharing was seen in both the American and Dutch participants, suggesting that this model is accurate across cultures.

“Seeing how people’s brains react inside the scanner gives us insight into why people ultimately share information nowadays,” Chan said. “If we understand these signals, we might be able to use that knowledge to help important news get shared and stop misinformation from going viral.” It is also helpful for content creators to maximize their reach. “Our current study demonstrates how tapping into the brain would help content creators optimize their messages’ influence,” Falk and Chan said. “We are interested in building on these results to develop ways to counter harmful information and false news, in addition to spreading high-quality content.” “A lot of our most pressing problems in society are influenced by the decisions people make, and the decisions we make are influenced by the news. What you share matters, and so understanding why you share it matters, too.”

1. What do researchers intend to do in their study?

A．To find a way to get brain signals.

B．To work out a mysterious model.

C．To use a broad range of news categories.

D．To predict how much information get shared.

2. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The basis and process of the study.

B．The way to predict brain activation.

C．The pattern of a value-based model.

D．The reason why certain news is shared.

3. What’s the potential application of the finding of the study?

A．To solve most urgent problems.

B．To understand why viral news matter.

C．To influence the decisions people will make.

D．To better the efficiency of positive publicity.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．How to Share a Viral News

B．How to Obtain Brain Signals

C．How Certain Studies Get Shared

D．How Brain Identifies Viral Content