1 . For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heat attack has long been considered a grown-up problem, but a new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children. Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.

Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine. Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9 — 13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of salt daily. The average American eats twice this amount. This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.

A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure. Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity (肥胖). British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.

Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight. A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones. This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.

Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do. Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments (调味品). You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2 ,000 mg in many frozen meals.

1. What is the author's major concern?

A．Children eat too much salty food.	B．Many adults suffer from heart attack.
C．Americans consume too much salt.	D．Heart attack is now a youth problem.

2. What does the author refer to as the cause of childhood obesity?

A．Eating more salty food.	B．Lack of physical exercise.
C．Drinking many sugary soft drinks.	D．Eating the same food as the adults.

3. What is another disease tending to be younger according to Paragraph 4?

A．Obesity.	B．Kidney stone.
C．Blood disease.	D．Heart attack.

4. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．The laws of health.	B．How to cut down on salt.
C．Healthy diet.	D．The amount of salt we need.

2 . There are around 600,000 vegans (素食者) in the UK. That' s just over 1% of the population — an amount expected to increase to 25% by 2025. And if there's one type of food that Brits love, it is fast food. People in the UK love it so much that there was a 34% increase in the number of fast food outlets from 2010 to 2018. It's no surprise, then, that vegan fast food is also on the rise.

Vegan fast food has become big business. At Just Eat, an online food delivery company, vegan orders more than doubled in 2018. Greggs, a chain of high-street bakeries, named its vegan sausage roll the ''fastest - selling product in six years". And big franchises such as McDonald's and KFC have announced meat-free chicken nuggets (鸡块) to come in the future.

What's. driving this popularity? Katrina Fox, founder of Vegan Business Media, believes it's the result of the breaking down of stereotypes (成见). ''Vegan food is no longer seen as a bit of lettuce and lentils — you can eat pretty much anything".

It's also claimed that there are health benefits. John Marulanda, owner of Mooshies is a vegan burger bar in London — wants to implement “a change to a healthy version of fast food. Something, he claims, that comes as a result of the inherent nutritional value of the ingredients they use.

But, is vegan fast food actually healthy? Azmina Govindji of the British Dietetic Association says ''not to assume" that is the case, ''It' s fine if those products have got vitamin B12, iodine or calcium added to them. but they can still be fried, it can still have lots of creamy, fatty sauces and lots of salt.

Given the current growth in orders, the trend for vegan fast food isn't likely to disappear any time soon, Health — wise, it may not be any more nourishing than regular fast food, but for many， the lack of animal suffering involved in the process is a big plus.

1. What's the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A．Vegans in the UK are increasing.

B．British people love junk food.

C．Eating too much fast food is bad for health.

D．Vegan fast food is becoming popular in Britain.

2. Which might be the reason for the popularity of vegan fast food?

A．Its unique flavors.	B．The change of life pace.
C．Its health benefits.	D．Its colorful decorations.

3. What is Azmina Govindji's opinion about vegan fast food?

A．It is not so healthy.	B．It is more varied.
C．It is more nutritious.	D．It will soon disappear.

4. Why do many people tend to vegan fast food according to the last sentence?

A．To keep a balanced diet.	B．For religious reasons.
C．Out of the love for animals.	D．It's cheaper than regular food.

3 . The Museum of Eton Life

The Museum of Eton Life brings alive various aspects of the Eton experience across six centuries. It is housed in an undercroft (地窖) below College Hall, a space that was used to store beer for the scholarship boys until the early 20th century. Established as a museum in 1985, it now houses permanent and temporary displays exploring life at Eton College.

In 2016, the museum launched a new permanent display showcasing materials which illustrate the boarding life of boys at the school in the 21st century. There is also an annually changing display exploring new and different stories and presenting rarely seen objects from the collection.

Visitors can discover Eton s history and traditions, famous Old Etonians (from poets to , Prime Ministers) and sports including the Wall Came, as well as find out about what and where pupils learn, eat and live.

Access and Enquiries

Opening hours: Sunday afternoons 2:30 —5 :00 pm.

Please contact the Museum Officer to arrange an appointment to visit the museum outside opening hours or to enquire about this collection.

The museum is located in Brewhouse Yard, accessed from Eton High Street via Baldwin's Shore.

Please check the access page for further details on opening times. The museums may close due to holidays or exceptional circumstances.

Please access the Collections Learning page for more information.

1. When was the museum started?

A．Six centuries ago.	B．In 1985.
C．In the early 20th century,	D．In 2016.

2. What do you learn about the exhibits?

A．They explore different aspects of Eton Life.	B．They are a collection of old objects of Eton.
C．They are changed for new ones every year.	D．They are materials about old Etonians.

3. How can a visitor get access outside opening hours?

A．He can go any time on Sundays.	B．By walking in via Baldwin's Shore.
C．He'll have to make an appointment.	D．By showing Collections Learning page.

4 . Michele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle.

Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla，a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program, because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment.

''My goal is to spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment," Gentile explained.

The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together, the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books for an entire classroom. His new program too off from there and has already spread into northern Italy: Gentile's hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative.

The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a ''suspended" book. The idea comes from a World War II practice in which customers would buy two Coffees: one for themselves and another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative,

While Gentile's program is a great way to recycle and get kids to read, it also brings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world, only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose (分解),is a major concern for environmentalists.

Cutting down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations, and recycling programs like Gentile's book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.

1. What is the purpose of Gentile's book giveaway?

A．To sell more coffee and books.	B．To attract more customers.
C．To collect money for a new project.	D．To inspire reading and recycling.

2. How did Gentile come up with the idea?

A．Working with a school to recycle cans.	B．Seeing school kids don't like reading.
C．Donating books for a local school.	D．Buying a “suspended” book for a child.

3. Who pay for the books of the project?

A．The local government.	B．Gentile himself.
C．Some publishers.	D．His customers.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．An Italian's Reading Initiative	B．Recycling Can Get Kids Free Books
C．Michele's Way of Doing Business	D．A New Way to Deal with Plastic Waste

5 . Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person’s wellbeing. Researchers have found that insufficient sleep increases a person’s risk of developing severe medical conditions. such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Now, a new study by Boston’s Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT) has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.

Jeffrey Grossman, who led the research. was not trying to find the link between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the 100 students in his introduction to Solid-State Chemistry class. Instead, the professor of Computational Materials Science hoped the popular wrist-worn device which. tracks a person’s activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.

However, the study, published in the journal “Science Learning” on October 1, 2019, discovered a surprising insight. Then was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and his/her grade on the 11 quizzes, three midterms, and the final exam administered during the semester.

Even more interesting, it was also not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it’s the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.

The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher - performing student. “When you go to bed matters. Grossman says. If you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn’t everything.”

1. What is the new finding about sleep?

A．It's essential for a person’s health.	B．Sleeping less may cause obesity.
C．Sleeping too much is dangerous.	D．Ample sleep leads to better grades.

2. What does the underlined word “Fitbits” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Wearable devices.	B．Questionnaires.
C．Fitness equipment.	D．Smartphones.

3. Which of the following best describes the final result the new study?

A．Doubtful.	B．Predictable.
C．Disappointing.	D．Unexpected.

4. What will benefit students’ study according to Grossman?

A．Sleeping for 5 hours each day.	B．Heading to bed at 3 a.m every day.
C．Getting enough sleep while learning.	D．Going to bed early only before a test.

6 . Mokpo City is holding the 17th Korea-China-Japan Sport Complex Competition, and looking for 50 interpreters (口译者) for this event. This event will be held from August 23^rd to August 29^th. Korean, Japanese and Chinese high school students who are under the age of 18 will take part in the competition. Anyone who is interested in the job is welcomed to apply.

Application Period: May 20^th - May 29^th

Interpreters needed: 20 Chinese interpreters, 20 Japanese interpreters and 10 reserve interpreters
Application Steps

* The 1st step: Look over submitted (递交的) documents

* The 2nd step: Interview

Requirements

* Only Koreans or foreigners who are in Korea can apply.

* Foreigners applying must be fluent in Korean.

How to Apply

* Applicants can submit their application forms by emailing to happy3837@korea.kr, by mail or in person at Mokpo City Hall.

* Reception desk: Office of Korea-China-Japan Junior Competition, Dept. of Sport Industries at Mokpo City Hall

* Send mail to: Yangeulro 271, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do (Postal code: 530-701)

Notice: Applicants who submit their application forms by email have to make sure their e-mails have been received by calling at 061-270-3402, 3682, 8280 (Person in charge: Kim, Ju-yeong).

Required Documents

* One copy of the application form (The official form is attached.)

* One copy of the certificate of language qualification (语言资格证书)

Schedule of Interview and Announcement

* Interview: Thursday, June 4^th, 10: 00 am

* Final announcement: Wednesday, June 10^th at http://www.mokpo.go.kr/

Working Conditions

* Uniform, accommodations and meals will be provided.

* 80,000 WON per day will be paid.

* The interpreting certificate of this activity will be given.

For more information, please contact the Dept. of Sport Industries (061-270-3402, 3628, 8280)

1. How long will the event last?

A．Six days.	B．Seven days.
C．Nine days.	D．Ten days.

2. How do applicants make sure their emails have been received?

A．By waiting for a call from Mokpo City Hall.

B．By going to the reception desk in person.

C．By sending another email to confirm it.

D．By calling Kim, Ju-yeong, the person in charge.

3. When will the applicants know the final results?

A．On June 10th.	B．On May 29th.
C．On June 4th.	D．On August 29th.

4. What can be learned from the passage?

A．The interpreters are from all over the world.

B．The interpreters must be good at Chinese.

C．The interpreters must prepare their meals themselves.

D．The interpreters can get an interpreting certificate.

7 . A good way to look at failure straight in the face is by writing a failure resume(简历)or CV. Like social media，there，we usually only see our friends’“highlight part”. When we look at others’resumes，we get scared and think how ours doesn’t measure up. But even the most accomplished people have plenty of failure behind them—we just don’t see it.

Stefan felt this deeply as a scientist，so she wrote a different CV which of course boasted (夸耀)about her good grades，PhD，and published papers. But the way she deals with her failure CV is a model of what we could a11 do.

“My CV does not reflect my great academic efforts—it does not mention the exams I failed，my unsuccessful PhD or scholarship applications，or the papers never accepted for publication. During the interviews，I talk about the one project that worked，not about the many that failed，”writes Stefan in a column for Nature.com.

Stefan suggests keeping a draft on which you log，casually but regularly，every unsuccessful application，refused grant proposal and rejected paper.

And that’s the point：not to consider what we got wrong，but to use that information to both look at failure and realize it’s really okay，and also to use our failures for another purpose：as learning tools.

The point is to be real—with ourselves and about how the world works. Being real means taking an honest，critical，but also kind look at what we didn’t get right，and then doing our best to change what we can. Instead of focusing on how that failure makes you feel，take the time to step back and analyze the practical，operational reasons that you failed.

So，prctice being okay with failure，and turning your failures into lessons learned. And yes，sometimes we have to learn those lessons more than once，letting go of what you can’t change. And keep moving forward to success.

1. What does the underlined word“it”in the first paragraph refer to?

A．Plenty of failure.	B．A failure resume.
C．Highlight part.	D．Social media.

2. What did Stefan intend to tell us in paragraph 3?

A．A11 her failures in her career.

B．Benefits she got from her failures.

C．The content of her own resume.

D．The difference between her resume and others’.

3. What does Stefan advise us to do in our careers?

A．Regard failures as part of our life.

B．Keep a record of our failures.

C．Value our achievements.

D．Long for failures.

4. Which of the following best describes the author’s opinion?

A．No pains，no gains.

B．A11 roads lead to Rome.

C．Where there is a will，there is a way.

D．Failure is the mother of success.

8 . A scientist _______ several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, _______ its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it _______ for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they _______ fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again _______ he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. _______ the monkey always ignored his _______. Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great _______ but without necessarily achieving _______ result.

Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand ________ the scientist instructs. ________ because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly ________ its attention to the ________ movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be ________ by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey’s some psychology is just like ________ of human beings.

1.

A．kept

B．rose

C．fed

D．caught

2.

A．moving

B．removed

C．discovered

D．covered

3.

A．happily

B．anxiously

C．hurriedly

D．instantly

4.

A．suddenly

B．accidentally

C．occasionally

D．quickly

5.

A．as

B．that

C．what

D．until

6.

A．But

B．When

C．Therefore

D．Thus

7.

A．directions

B．explanations

C．performances

D．instructions

8.

A．effort

B．strength

C．power

D．force

9.

A．expecting

B．interesting

C．satisfying

D．desired

10.

A．what

B．how

C．why

D．which

11.

A．Probably

B．Likely

C．Simply

D．Nearly

12.

A．put

B．send

C．pay

D．shift

13.

A．gesture

B．mouth

C．hand

D．eye

14.

A．taken away

B．taken off

C．taken over

D．taken on

15.

A．that

B．the

C．those

D．this

9 . One step too far

Scientists have been trying to figure out how to alter the genes of humans for many years now, and it looks like they've finally cracked (破解) the code. But while this may seem like a great step forward in science, some also believe that it's one step back when it comes to ethics.

In August, a group of scientists from the US and South Korea worked together to successfully edit a human embryo and remove a genetic mutation (突变) that would have led to heart disease, reported The Guardian.

This was achieved with the help of CRISPR, a gene-editing tool that allows scientists to “cut and paste” human DNA.

Although this was the first example of an embryo's genes being changed successfully, the benefits of gene editing have already been tested in living patients.

In 2015, a five-month-old girl from the UK was saved after doctors used edited cells to fight off her cancer. As of today, she's alive and well.

And in the US last year, scientists managed to remove HIV cells from several patients by editing the genes inside their bodies.

Some people hope that in the future, diseases or birth detects could simply be “edited out”. However, others believe this could lead to so-called designer babies, giving parents the option to choose everything from eye color to intelligence.

“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.

In spite of these ethical concerns, experts say it’s not possible to create the “perfect” human being. Despite the progress scientists have made, we don’t understand human genes enough to give all unborn child great brainpower or amazing singing abilities.

“Right now, we know nothing about genetic enhancement,” Hank Greely, a director of sciences at Stanford University, US, told The New York Times. “We’re never going to be able to say, honestly, ‘This embryo looks like it would score high on the two-part SAT.’”

So it looks like if we want good exam results, or to impress people with our piano skills, we’ll have to stick with the old fashioned method of plain hard work — at least for now.

1. The underlined word “alter” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.

A．record

B．change

C．remove

D．increase

2. Why do some people consider human gene editing a step backwards？ ______

A．They don't think it is an effective way to light diseases.

B．They are concerned that it could lead to genetic mutations.

C．They think it could lead to designer babies and increased inequality.

D．They worry that it could make parents abandon children with birth defects.

3. What was the first successful example of human embryo gene editing？ ______

A．A genetic mutation related to heart disease was removed by scientists

B．A newborn baby with cancer was saved by edited cells.

C．HIV cells were removed from patients’ bodies.

D．Some birth defects were simply edited out.

4. What can we conclude from the text？ ______

A．Gene editing is regarded as the perfect way to treat birth defects.

B．There is still a long way to go to fully understand human genes.

C．Gene editing could help enhance human intelligence in the near future.

D．Scientists are pessimistic about the future of gene editing.

10 . Many people feel that dream is unique to humans. However, many dog owners will likely disagree on that. They have noticed that their dogs at various times during the sleep may shake legs, snort (哼) and sometimes growl (低声吼叫) which gives the impression that they are dreaming. These things may wonder us about whether dogs dream.

Scientists confirm that dogs probably do dream. It turns out that dog brains and human brains have many similarities during sleep cycles. Researchers used special machines to measure electrical activity in a dog’s brain and human’s brain. Scientists already knew that when humans dream, a certain part of the brain is active during sleep. Researchers discovered that the same part of the brain is active in sleeping dogs. Scientists have other data that back up these findings.

Many people dream that they are trying to move but cannot. Interestingly, part of that experience is not a dream. When people sleep, the brain produces a chemical that causes the dreamer to become temporarily paralyzed (使麻痹). Researchers think this happens so that people cannot physically act out dreams while they are sleeping. Dog brains make the same chemical. In one study during which this chemical was blocked, sleeping test dogs performed physical activities, such as standing up, sniffing around the room for imaginary rabbits, or chasing imaginary balls.

Because of these similarities, researchers believe that the content of a dog’s dream might come from the same source as a human’s dream. “People’s dreams are usually based on things they did that day,” says Dr. Samantha Hudspith. “So there is reason to believe that dogs dream about the things they’ve done that day. Of course, there will never be a way to prove this. Dogs cannot describe their dreams the way that humans can.”

1. What does the underlined phrase “back up” mean in the second paragraph?

A．Disagree.	B．Support.
C．Record.	D．Show.

2. What happened to a sleeping dog when this chemical mentioned in paragraph 3 was cut off?

A．It woke up.	B．It stopped dreaming.
C．It acted out its dream.	D．It couldn't move its body.

3. How is the text mainly developed?

A．By telling stories	B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing details	D．By listing differences.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Do Dogs Dream?	B．Why Do Dogs Dream?
C．Signs of Dog Dreams	D．Similarities Between Humans and Dogs