1 . If humans do want to set up communities on the moon or other planets, what will they eat? A new test has begun to see if meat cells can grow.
Growing meat from cells even on Earth isn’t easy. Cells from a cow(though it could be any animal)are fed the things they need to grow, like amino acids and carbohydrate. The cells multiply until muscle tissue forms, and eventually becomes meat that you can eat. This process is called “cultivation (培养)”. The meat is grown in tanks that look more like what you’d find in a brewery than a farm yard. The life-cycle of an animal raised for meat — birth, life and kill — is completely ignored.
“Animal cells grow slowly,” says David Humbird, a chemical engineer. “If bacteria were to get into the cultivation, they would grow much faster from animal cells and they will just take over so you aren’t making the animal cells anymore. You are making bacteria. And you have to throw them away,” says Mr Humbird. “Those cells that are themselves grown on eatable material are going to be sugar, amino acids and water. And the caloric value of the cells that you make will always be less than that. At the best case you could probably recover 25% of the calorie and eat them as food. So the question is, why would you drag all those calorie into space just to waste 75% of them?”
Karen Nyberg is a former astronaut. She says food plays a crucial role in space missions. “Food like powdered milk and that sort of thing comes as a regular source for astronauts, and meat produced in space is just something we don’t have. So anything like that makes us feel great and eases our pressure.” For Ms Nyberg, fresh food and vegetables are vital if humans are expected to be away from Earth for years at a time.
Certainly if humanity is serious about putting people on Mars, how to feed astronauts with nutrient-rich food that doesn’t spoil—and tastes good — is an important and difficult mystery.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．The taste of lab-grown meat. | B．The reasons for growing meat in space. |
| C．The potential benefits of growing meat. | D．The process of growing meat from cow cells. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Supportive. | C．Disapproving. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Eating is always a problem for astronauts. |
| B．Food tastes much better in space than on Earth. |
| C．Growing meat does good to astronauts’ mental health. |
| D．Astronauts suffer from mental illnesses after long space tasks. |
| A．Can meat be grown in space? | B．Can astronauts enjoy meat in space? |
| C．Can meat in space be delicious to eat? | D．Can lab-grown meat help tackle climate? |
2 . The jack fruit is a delicious fruit found throughout certain parts of Asia. But there is more to the fruit than just its taste. When considering the fruit’s English name, it is easy to become overwhelmed with questions like: “Who is Jack? And why does he have his own fruit?”
Surprisingly, “jack fruit” isn’t a person’s name at all. The fruit’s name originally comes from the southern Indian word chakka pazham, with India thought to be the fruit’s place of origin. Portuguese explorers who journeyed to this region went on to call it jack, which leads us to the current English name of jack fruit, according to National Public Radio(NPR). Unfortunately, no one called Jack has been proven to be involved at any point in this process.
There is another food, however, that was directly named after a person—the sandwich. In the 18th century, playing card games late into the night became fashionable in British high society. John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, started the habit of ordering pieces of cold beef between two pieces of bread in order to get a late-night snack without having to leave the gaming table or use a knife and fork.
This newly-created snack kept hands clean so card players could continue on without dirtying their cards. The midnight snack quickly became popular among everyday people, and before long everyone was making their own sandwiches. That is how the sandwich was invented and got its name.
Away from the world of food, there are more examples of names inspired by people. Long johns, the warm trousers that keep us warm in winter, are said to have been named after the US boxer John L. Sullivan who took to wearing a similar type of garment in the ring (比赛).
There are many other interesting etymologies(词源) in the English language like these. So the next time you find an interesting name, why not explore its history too?
1. What does the underlined word “overwhelmed” in the first paragraph probably mean?| A．Puzzled. | B．Excited. | C．Worried. | D．Annoyed. |
| A．A place in India. | B．An Indian word. |
| C．A Portuguese explorer. | D．A discoverer of the fruit. |
| A．It was named after a popular card game. |
| B．It was once eaten as a snack in the daytime. |
| C．It was first popular among the UK’s middle class. |
| D．It was created for the convenience of playing cards. |
| A．To raise readers’ interest in etymology. | B．To introduce things named after people. |
| C．To stress the importance of learning history. | D．To explain the effects of people’s names on food. |
3 . The other day, Dino, our neighbor across the road, saw me in front of our new home in Italy and called out, “Good evening!” His English, though limited, is much better than my Italian. “You OK?” he asked.
He had greeted me before, usually with a good morning or a good evening. Once, seeing him trying to fix a tall street lamp, I’d held the ladder for him to climb. But that was pretty much it for us: a general air of friendliness, nothing more.
I’d just concluded 46 years living in New York City. But now I’m living in a town in Italy’s Puglia region, and everyone here except my family is a stranger. And, living in the countryside as we do, I’ve started to sense pains of being disconnected.
This moment therefore seemed an opportunity to get to know Dino a little. I could have stayed behind our gates to talk with him through his gates. But instead I went across the road toward him. I stood in the street talking with Dino and his wife, Grazia — I in English, they in Italian. One minute later they invited me in for a tour.
Here was a fig tree, bearing ripe figs. Dino picked a few of the fruits, tore one in half, and put one-half in his mouth. He handed me the other half and signaled to me to follow suit, and I did.
“Delicious!” I declared.
I once saw a wonderful documentary about Gregory Peck. In it, the older actor travels to Ireland to meet his new grandson. But first, wandering a field, he happens upon a fig tree. He picks a fig and eats it with obvious delight. To me, the scene captures the sweetness of life and how such sweetness is all around us—if only we’d bother to reach out and taste it.
Dino and I repeated this sequence with trees bearing plums and walnuts, too—he picking, I tasting. Despite our differences in language—neither of us knew many of the other’s words— nothing important was lost. Both of us understood all we needed to understand: that now we were true neighbors.
1. What is the author’s current feeling about the new living situation?| A．He feels happy and content with his move. |
| B．He feels separated and kind of lonely in the new town. |
| C．He feels homesick and wants to go back to New York City. |
| D．He feels thrilled to meet new people in the new community. |
| A．To help Dino fix the street lamp. | B．To become more familiar with Dino. |
| C．To hold the ladder for Dino to climb. | D．To avoid talking with Dino behind the gates. |
| A．He picked fruits for the author to taste. | B．He showed off his private possessions. |
| C．He told the story of his family members. | D．He taught the author how to plant fruit trees. |
| A．The fig is really the sweetest fruit. | B．Fig trees can survive in any places. |
| C．Life is a mixture of sweet and bitter. | D．Sweetness exists in life everywhere. |
4 . CHI’s Academic Year Program(AYP)is your chance to study in America and spend either an academic year or a semester living with a volunteer host family.
The requirements for studying in America:
● High school students who are aged 15 to 18
● A score of at least 212 on the ELTIS exam
●Application
Contact a partner agency in your home or a nearby country. We can also send you a list of partners near you. They will set you up with an application and let you know what you need to submit in order to be considered.
● Admission and visa
Our Admissions Department reviews and accepts your application. We issue and send your agency the Form as-2019, which is the official US Department of State document that allows you to apply for and receive your J-1 visa. Once you receive the DS-2019, you can make your visa appointment. When the visa is granted, you are all set to travel to America.
●Home stay zksq
Meanwhile, our Field and Operations staff work hard to find you the perfect family and school as soon as possible! Once we find the right host family for you, you can start to get to know your family by email.
● Depart to the US and meet your family and friends
Your agency will book your flight according to your school start date. When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation(迎新会)and introduce you to other exchange students and the surrounding community. When school starts, you will begin the process of cultural exchange!
Contact us: 1-800-432-4643; 1-415-459-5397
Location: 255 W End Avenue San Rafael, CA 94901
1. Who can take part in this home stay project?| A．Those interested in American culture. |
| B．College students with 220 on the ELTIS exam. |
| C．14-year-old students with good graded at school. |
| D．17-year-old high school students with 212 on the ELTIS exam. |
| A．Call-800-432-4643. |
| B．Contact a partner agency in their country. |
| C．Visit CHI’s website and fill out an online application. |
| D．Apply in person at CHI’s headquarters in San Rafael. |
| A．Tourism. | B．Science. | C．Education. | D．Entertainment. |
5 . Today, millions of people around the world take up knitting (编织). “It is connected with our mental health,” says Janine Smith. Along with David, she co-owns a store in Sydney, Australia, that sells supplies for knitting. “I know that if I haven’t knitted for a few days, I really miss it.”
Research supports Smith’s statement. Professor Corkhill and professor Riley were part of a team from Cardiff University in the United Kingdom that, 10 years ago, surveyed more than 3, 500 knitters and found that the more frequently people knitted, the calmer and happier they felt. Or, as David puts it, “That rhythm (节奏) of knitting is like deep breathing. It’s a flow where you don’t have to stress about it, you’ve got the rhythm happening.”
“Flow” is a concept first named by expert Mihaly. As he wrote in his book, “The best moments in our lives are not the passive, receptive, relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is pulled to its limits in a voluntary effort to achieve something difficult and worthwhile.”
The Cardiff research team found that even though most of the people surveyed were employed, three-quarters of those who knitted three or more times a week felt significantly more able to organize their thoughts and forget their problems.
Many respondents (调查对象) described feeling calmer and in a better mood after knitting, and the majority of respondents who suffered from stress “thought that knitting made them feel happier.” For respondents who suffered from pain, almost nine out of ten said that knitting gave them a means of dealing with their pain.
Interestingly, more than half of those surveyed said that knitting pushed them to develop other skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is so accessible — at its heart it’s two sticks — it enables people to have belief in their abilities. After all, if you make a mistake, you can just pull it all out and start again.
1. What did the two professors find in the research?| A．Few people would miss knitting. | B．Knitting was like deep breathing. |
| C．Knitting had a positive effect on people. | D．People frequently knitted in their spare time. |
| A．What “flow” is. | B．Introduction of an expert. |
| C．The best moments in our life. | D．How to achieve something difficult. |
| A．Knitting requires lots of tools. |
| B．All respondents develop other skills. |
| C．People always make mistakes when knitting. |
| D．Knitting makes people confident to learn other skills. |
| A．Textbook. | B．A magazine. | C．A storybook. | D．A brochure. |
6 . NatureScot, an organisation that looks after Scotland’s natural world, has agreed to release(放出) Scottish wildcats into the UK’s largest national park.
About 60 wildcats have been raised at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland’s Highland Wildlife Park at Kincraig. They will be released in June into an area of the Cairngorms National Park in the Scotish Highlands. Researchers will monitor the cats through GPS, tracking their movements as they live in their new home.
Wildcats already live in the Cairngorms, but researchers say they are under threat from extinction because of habitat loss and disease. Wildcats look a bit like pet cats but they are about twice the size and have thicker fur. They have longer legs and their ears are more sticked out to the side.
Wildcats were once found in England and Wales too, but they were hunted for their fur and lost a lot of their natural habitat because of human activity. They haven’t been seen in the wild outside Scotland for more than 100 years. However, another protection programme is planning to release around 40 of the animals into secret countryside locations in Cornwall, in southern England. Wildcats hunt small animals, so wildlife experts are hoping that the cats will keepdown the numbers of rabbits and mice, which damage young trees and crops such as corn, fruit and wheat.
The Scottish wildcats will be released in a part of the park called Caimgorms, where experts are working to restore(恢复) woodland areas. The plan is for as many as 20 cats to be set free every year, and it is hoped that other sites in Scotland will be considered too. Dr Helen from Saving Wildcats said, “The fight to restore Scotland’s wildcat populations is just beginning.”
1. How will researchers keep an eye on the released wildcats?| A．By using technology. | B．By working in the park. |
| C．By observing their new home. | D．By controlling their movements. |
| A．They are being hunted by human beings. |
| B．They need a new home due to habitat loss. |
| C．They can catch animals damaging the environment. |
| D．They haven’t been seen in the wild for a long time. |
| A．It is difficult to restore wildcats’ habitat. |
| B．Wildcats will begin to fight with humans. |
| C．The number of wildcats has greatly increased. |
| D．There is a long way to go to increase wildcat populations |
| A．Wildcats in danger. | B．Wildcats set free in highlands. |
| C．Wildcats’ habitat destroyed. | D．Wildcats different from pet cats. |
7 . “I’ve always been quite confident myself,” Leah Williamson tells The Week Junior, “but more shy than people realise.”
Williamson is the captain of the England women’s football team, the Lionesses, who won the Euro 2022 tournament (联赛). However, reaching such heights hasn’t always been easy and she’s had to learn how to believe in herself. Using her own experiences, she has written a book with journalist Susan, called You Have the Power: Find Your Strength and Believe You Can, to encourage young people.
Football has always been a big part of Williamson’s life, ever since she started playing at the age of six. She says, “It’s probably the one thing in my life that I’ve been truly passionate about the whole time.” Her family loved it too, and were divided between supporting Hotspur and Arsenal—rival (竞争对手) clubs in north London. When she was a child, her family encouraged Williamson not to be scared, even if it felt intimidating to take part in a sport that was mostly played by boys. By teaching her important lessons, such as how to have faith in herself, her family helped her to grow.
She hopes she can encourage readers to achieve their dreams—football-related or not. “I’m not trying to make everybody that reads this book the next best footballer in the world,” she says. “I’m just trying to give them a sense of how amazing it feels to look at yourself and be proud.”
You Have the Power: Find Your Strength and Believe You Can is out in bookshops now.
1. What do we know about Williamson?| A．She wrote a book on her own. | B．She won the World 2022 tournament. |
| C．Her book was based on her experiences. | D．It was easy for her to win football games. |
| A．They taught her how to play football. |
| B．They encouraged her to be brave and confident. |
| C．They loved and supported the same football team. |
| D．They showed her the significance of playing football. |
| A．Frightening. | B．Inspiring. | C．Puzzling. | D．Embarrassing. |
| A．To inspire readers to achieve their dreams. |
| B．To attract more young people to play football. |
| C．To tell readers some information about football. |
| D．To introduce a female football player and her book |
8 . Best houses on the market
Sorrento, Maine
It was built in 1989 on a hillside on Treasure Island. The three-bedroom house has a chef’s kitchen; a great room with dining area; a room with private deck(平台)， walk-in closet, and spa bathroom; two guest bedrooms with shared deck; and a glass-walled tower with ocean and island views. Acadia National Park are minutes away. $888, 500. LandVest International Company, (207)
299-8732
Santa Fe
This 1981 five-bedroom house features wooden ceilings, several fireplaces, hardwood floors, and carved-wood details. The 20-acre house has courtyards, a spa, a two-bedroom guesthouse, an art studio; the community offers tennis, allows horses, and is 20 minutes from the supermarket. $2, 195, 000. Sotheby’s International Company, (505)988-2533
San Anselmo, Calif
Set on a hill above the Mount Tamalpais, this 1988 home offers city, mountain, and water views from wall-to-wall, floor-to-ceiling windows. The five-bedroom house also has high ceilings, a step-down living room with fireplace, a dining room, an eat-in kitchen, a wet bar, a room with fireplace and walk-in closet. $3, 495, 000. Sotheby’s International Company, (415)717-1056
Portland, Ore zksg
This three-bedroom home was built in 1988. The house features large windows, skylights, French doors, and includes a chef’s kitchen; a main bedroom with fireplace, walk-in closet, and bathroom; a separate live-and-work space with kitchen. The house sits on a hill in Kings Heights overlooking the city and the mountains, minutes away from hiking trails and the Alphabet District. $1, 525, 000. Windermere International Company, (503)706-238521.
1. Which house is the most expensive?| A．Sorrento, Maine. | B．Santa Fe. | C．San Anselmo, Calif. | D．Portland, Ore. |
| A．It is located on a hill. | B．It has a separate space with kitchen. |
| C．It offers views of ocean and island. | D．It is convenient to do sports in its community. |
| A．They are close to parks. | B．They were built in the 1980s. |
| C．They are equipped with fireplaces. | D．There are five bedrooms in the houses. |
9 . Despite common concerns that the social is competitive, cooperation (合作) among strangers has gradually increased in the U.S. since the 1950s, according to the research published by the American Psychological Association.
“We were surprised by our findings that Americans became more cooperative over the last six decades because many people believe U.S. society is becoming less socially connected and less trusting,” said lead researcher Yu Kou, PhD, a professor of social psychology at Beijing Normal University.
The researchers analyzed 511 studies conducted in the United States between 1956 and 2017 with a total of more than 63,000 participants(参与者). Those studies included lab experiments measuring cooperation among strangers. The study found a small, gradual increase in cooperation across the 61-year period, which the researchers said may be linked to great changes in U.S. society. The increase in cooperation was related with increases in social wealth, income inequality and the number of people living alone.
Increased cooperation has been linked with market competitiveness and economic growth in former research. As more people live in cities and on their own, they may be forced to cooperate with strangers, said study co-author Paul Van Lange, PhD. He said, “U.S. society may have become more self-centered, but people have not.”
The researchers note that former studies have found that levels of cooperation do not differ by sex or race in the U.S. However, the studies were conducted in lab settings primarily with only college students as participants, so the findings may not be representative (代表性的) of real-life situations or of U.S. society as a whole.
1. How did the researchers draw the conclusion?| A．By doing street surveys. |
| B．By conducting lab experiments. |
| C．By analyzing collected examples. |
| D．By interviewing different strangers. |
| A．The finding was predicted. |
| B．The data before 1956 could not be found. |
| C．The cause for the increase in cooperation was not clear at all. |
| D．Increase in cooperation was connected with many fields of society. |
| A．A magazine. |
| B．A newspaper. |
| C．A diary. |
| D．A website. |
| A．Conducting more experiments in the real-life situations. |
| B．Finding the period when cooperation among strangers increased. |
| C．Making sure levels of cooperation may be different by sex or race in the U.S. |
| D．Discovering the connection between increase in cooperation and changes in U.S. society. |
10 . Like many negative emotions, regret is often seen as an undesirable feeling that we should remove whenever possible. Psychologists, however, have shown that it can be an extremely useful emotion. “ It’s one mechanism for learning how to improve your decision-making—a signal that maybe you need to rethink your strategy, ” says Aidan Feeney, a professor of psychology at Queen’s University Belfast.
Feeney’s own research has tested how the emotion is essential for developing an understanding of delayed satisfaction. His team presented a group of six-to-seven year-olds with two boxes. The boxes were equipped with a timed lock, with one set to open after 30 seconds and the other after 10 minutes. The children were told they could choose to pick one box to gain their prize.
Since the children didn’t know what each box contained, most preferred the one that opened first, which contained two candies. Only after they had made their decision were they told that if they had waited for the other box to open, they could have had four candies instead. After the children had learnt this fact, the team tested whether they felt any regret for having made the wrong decision. The following day, the psychologists presented the children with the same task again. They found that the children who had developed a sense of regret were much more likely to wait for the bigger reward, compared to the children who did not yet entertain the emotion.
Regret, it seems, helped them to become more patient so they could resist the urge to go with the immediate pleasure. Delayed satisfaction of this kind is an essential form of self-control, and is thought to be very important for people’s success in life.
The psychological literature also has a large quantity of many other examples of regret’s benefits. Given its benefits, we certainly don’t want to stop the feeling entirely, but certain strategies can help us to regulate the emotion, so that we listen to its message without drowning ourselves in the sadness of our past mistakes.
1. What do we know about Feeney’s research?| A．Delayed satisfaction was children’s top priority. |
| B．Regret reframed the children’s decision passively. |
| C．Immediate satisfaction helped children gain more. |
| D．It tested the effect of regret on delayed satisfaction. |
| A．Regret plays an active role in our lives. | B．Negative emotions create good effects. |
| C．Regret helps us to become more patient. | D．Delayed satisfaction perfects our decision-making. |
| A．Types of regret. | B．More benefits of regret. |
| C．Ways to cope with regrets. | D．Methods to avoid future regrets. |
