1 . Life really should be one long journey of joy for children born with a world of wealth at their feet.

Internationally famous child doctor Robert Coles is the world’s top expert on the influence of money on children. He has written a well-known book on the subject, “The Privileged Ones,” and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little. “Obviously there are certain advantages to being rich,” says the 53-year-old doctor, “such as better health, education and future work prospects. But most important is the quality of family life. Money can’t buy love.”

It can buy a lot of other things, however, and that’s where the trouble starts. Rich kids have so much to choose from that they often become confused. Over-indulgence (娇养) by their parents can make them spoilt. They tend to travel more than other children, from home to home and country to country, which causes feelings of restlessness.

“But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,” adds Mr. Coles, “and they are more self-assured.” The rich children inherit the property from their parents and enjoy a high income. So money will never be one of their problems. “However, they have a sense of isolation,” warns Dr Coles, “and they could suffer from the hardship of not being able to deal with the everyday world because they will never really be given the chance. Everything they have achieved is because of an accident of birth. There can be no tremendous inner satisfaction about that.”

Today’s wealthy parents perhaps realize their riches can be more of a heavy load than happiness to their children. So the first thing for them to consider is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.

3 . Online services are managed by a host system that maintains a base of information available to satellite users. Users of so-called “dumb” terminals (i.e. those without processing capability) simply access the information base via programs stored in the system. Personal computer (PC) users typically access the host (主机) through a modem (调制解调器). A PC software program serves as an interface (接口) between the server and a PC, allowing the user to operate through the online system and select different databases using a keyboard or a mouse.

National and regional online systems usually have local telephone numbers that PC modems can call to access either a local information base or an indirect long-distance connection, thus reducing long-distance telephone fees. Some online systems allow users to copy large volumes of information onto a local memory storage device, which also reduces the time user is connected to the online system.

Besides offering a great number of different information bases, ranging from full-text journal libraries to reports of missing children, online services allow users to, for example, reserve airline tickets, buy stocks, purchase goods, and communicate with other users. In exchange for the service, users usually pay a monthly membership fee. They may also pay to connect to various databases on the service or to download information.

4 . Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed__________ extending man’s knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions ___________ from university to university, according to the views of the people in __________ and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do not __________ the staff or equipment to carry out the __________ research projects possible in larger institutions. __________ most experts agree that some research activity is __________ to keep the staff and their students in __________ with the latest developments in their subjects.

Most students attend a university mainly to __________ the knowledge needed for their chosen __________ .Educationists believe that this aim should not be the__________ one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women __________ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason, they __________ students to meet others with differing __________ and to read widely to __________ their understanding in many fields of study. __________ a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own__________ . He should be prepared to __________ sacrifices to study his chosen __________ in depth. He should have an ambition to make some __________ contribution to man’s knowledge.

5 . Young people should have the right to control and direct their own learning, that is, to decide what they want to learn, and when, where, how, how much, how fast, and with what help they want to learn it. To be still more specific, I want them to have the right to decide if, when, how much, and by whom they want to be taught and the right to decide whether they want to learn in a school and if so which one and for how much of the time.

No human right, except the right to life itself, is more fundamental than this. A person’s freedom of learning is part of his freedom of thought, even more basic than his freedom of speech. If we take from someone his right to decide what he will be curious about, we destroy his freedom of thought. We say, in effect, you must think not about what interests and concerns you, but about what interests and concerns us.

We might call this the right of curiosity, the right to ask whatever questions is most important to us. As adults, we assume that we have the right to decide what does or does not interest us, what we will look into and what we will leave alone. We take this right for granted, cannot imagine that it might be taken away from us. Indeed, as far as I know, it has never been written into any body of law. Even the writers of our Constitution did not mention it. They thought it was enough to guarantee citizens the freedom of speech and the freedom to spread their ideas as widely as they wished and could. It did not occur to them that even the most tyrannical government would try to control people’s minds, what they thought and knew.

6 . There are some problem areas for international students and immigrants’ studying in the United States. Making friends is a challenge (this is also true for some American students). Many college and universities offer a variety of student clubs and organizations where both foreign-born and native American students have a greater chance of meeting people with shared interests. Information about these out-of-class activities is often posted in the student center and listed in the student newspaper. Sometimes foreign students and immigrant students find Americans to be “cliquish (有派性的)”. Americans find some non-U.S.-born students to be cliquish as well. If people feel separated from the social aspects of American college life, they should actively seek people with shared interests. It is unlikely that students will make friends just by passing people on the campus.

Foreign or immigrant students may feel confused during the first few weeks at a new school because they do not understand the system and are not willing to ask questions. Many students do not take advantage of the numerous services offered on campus that assist students in developing new skills and social groups. Some colleges offer students tutorial (辅导的) support in such subjects as writing, language study, computer skills, and other basic subjects. Students who appear to be most successful in "learning the ropes" are those who can solve problems by taking the initiative to ask questions, locate resources, and experience new social situations.

7 . The increase in the price of oil has brought the world to its senses. Scientists are searching for suitable alternative (替换) but so far in vain. They are considering how they can make better use of the two other major fuels, coal and natural gas, but they have found that neither can take the place of oil in their economics. In recent years there has been a growing concern for the environment and coal is not a popular fuel with environmentalists. Natural gas, the purest of the three fuels, is also the most limited in supply.

The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations. They need very little fuel to produce enormous amounts of power and they do not pollute the atmosphere. Their dangers, however, are so great and the cost of building them are also high. Not only could one accident in a nuclear power station spread as much radioactivity as a thousand Hiroshima atom bombs, but the radioactive waste from these station is extremely dangerous.

Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy: the sun, the sea, the wind and hot spring，of which the sun seems the most promising source for the future. Houses have already been built which are heated entirely by solar energy. However, solar energy can only be collected during daylight hours, and in countries where the weather is unreliable, an alternative heating system has to be included.

However, many scientists are optimistic (乐观的) that new ways of generating large amounts of energy will be successfully developed, but at the same time they fear the consequences. If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, we may, in fifty years’ time, be burning up so much energy that we would damage the earth’s atmosphere. By raising the temperature of the atmosphere, we could melt the Arctic and Antarctic ice-caps and change the pattern of vegetable and animal life throughout the world — a frightening possibility.

9 . One factor that can influence consumers is their mood slate. Mood may be defined __________ a temporary and mind positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied __________ any particular circumstance. Moods should be ___________ from emotions which are usually more intense, __________ to specific circumstance, and often conscious. __________ a sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood can be thought of in __________ the same way as can our reactions to the __________ of our friends — when our friends are happy and “up”, that tend to influence us positively, __________ when they are “down”, that can have a __________ impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a __________ mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素)in a direction __________ with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see __________ in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a __________ manner than they would when not in such a state. ___________ , mood states appear capable of __________ a consumer’s memory.

Moods appear to be __________ influenced marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch and __________ of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the __________ of time spent in supermarkets or __________ to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers’ mood which, in __________ , are capable of influencing consumer’s reactions to products.