1 . The “diet” in diet drinks maybe a false promise for some soda lovers. True, they deliver the taste of a soda experience, without the calories. Yet, new research shows they can also leave people with increased appetite.

A study published recently in JAMA Network open adds to the evidence that drinks made with sucralose, an artificial sweetener (甜味剂), may increase the appetite among some people. “We found females and overweight people had greater brain reward activity after consuming the artificial sweetener,” says study author Katie Page, a physician at the University of Southern California. Both groups ate more food after consuming drinks with sucralose, compared with after regular sugar-sweetened drinks. In contrast, the study found males and people of healthy weight did not have an increase in either brain reward activity or hunger response, suggesting they’re not affected in the same way.

One theory is that it’s not the artificial sweetener itself that has a direct effect on the body. The idea is that artificial sweeteners may confuse the body by tricking it into thinking sugar is coming. “You are supposed to get sugar after something tastes sweet,” explains Swithers, “Your body has been used to that.” But the sugar never arrives, which may lead to the body’s less efficiency in processing sugar that s consumed later.

Swithers’ lab has also documented that when animals with a history of consuming artificial sweeteners get real sugar, their blood sugar levels rise higher than those of animals not fed artificial sweeteners. “It’s a small effect, but overtime this could contribute to potentially significant consequences,” she says. If this is happening in some people who consume diet soda, it could add to the risk of Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), because when blood sugar rises, the body has to release more insulin (胰岛素) to absorb the sugar. “So what you’re doing is that you are kind of pushing the system harder,” Swithers says.

1. What can we learn from Katie page’s study?

A．Females enjoying diet drinks consume more food.

B．Artificial sweeteners help males with better appetite.

C．Diet drinks increase hunger response of healthy people.

D．people consuming sucralose have greater brain reward activity.

2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The effect of sugar.	B．Response to sweetness.
C．Artificial sweetener.	D．The absence of sweetness.

3. What can we infer from Susan Swithers’words in the last paragraph?

A．More insulin release helps sugar level rise.

B．people drinking diet soda hardly absorb sugar.

C．Type 2 diabetes mainly results from artificial sweeteners.

D．Consuming artificial sweeteners might cause health problems.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．The potential of artificially-sweetened drinks.

B．The wisdom of choosing healthy sweet drinks.

C．The underlying link between diet drinks and health.

D．The differences among artificially-sweetened drinks.