1 . Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21.
Following the release of the previous guidelines in 2014, the Task Force reviewed 84 studies testing vitamins in almost 700,000 people, including 52 new studies.
However, the conclusion is still the same as that of 2014: If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene (胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular (心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said.
“Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases (慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity,” Dr. Jeffrey Linder, Director of General Internal Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University in Chicago, wrote in an additional commentary.
Take the Mediterranean diet for example. Eating the Mediterranean way, which focuses on a plant-based diet, physical activity and social engagement, can reduce the risk for high cholesterol, dementia (痴呆), memory loss, depression and breast cancer. And numerous studies found meals from the sunny Mediterranean region have also been linked to weight loss, stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life.
Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension (高血压)”. Many studies have shown that this diet successfully reduces hypertension. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets avoid processed foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds.
“Rather than focusing money, time, and attention on supplements, it would be better to emphasize lower-risk, higher-benefit activities...following a healthy diet, getting exercise, maintaining a health y weight, and avoiding smoking,” Linder and his colleagues wrote.
However, certain groups of people do need to take specific vitamins. Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful.
1. What can we learn from the Task Force?A.Vitamins must be useful to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer. |
B.Doctors want to control cardiovascular disease. |
C.It’s necessary for all people to take vitamins. |
D.In some regard, taking vitamins is not beneficial. |
A.One | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.A 40-year-old healthy worker. | B.A 15-year old healthy boy. |
C.A 34-year-old healthy lady. | D.A 69-year-old healthy man. |
A.The history of vitamins. |
B.The functions of vitamins. |
C.Taking vitamins to prevent diseases may fail. |
D.People’s attitudes towards vitamins. |
2 . Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛峰), located in Asia, is the highest mountain in the world. Many climbers have tried to climb to the top of Mount Everest’s about 29,028-foot peak and about 900 people have
Erik Weihenmayer was
During his climb, Erik faced many dangers. He
Although he couldn’t
A.attempted | B.survived | C.observed | D.created |
A.blindness | B.skin | C.emotion | D.anxiety |
A.born with | B.fed up with | C.aware of | D.interested in |
A.more | B.less | C.better | D.worse |
A.solution | B.determination | C.harmony | D.pressure |
A.On | B.In | C.At | D.With |
A.discovered | B.donated | C.invented | D.booked |
A.ahead of | B.away from | C.in the middle of | D.behind |
A.work | B.share | C.experiment | D.project |
A.appeared | B.walked | C.struggled | D.crawled |
A.scarf | B.mask | C.gloves | D.cap |
A.celebrate | B.advance | C.inspire | D.admire |
A.disappointment | B.happiness | C.excitement | D.anger |
A.how | B.what | C.why | D.where |
A.shoulder | B.world | C.bridge | D.people |
3 . Several years ago, a worldwide heavy rain was predicted, but no one got prepared for what was to come. Then, some areas received over 100 mm of rain. Cars and trucks floated down the streets. Whole buildings were swept away. At least 225 people lost their lives, and millions became homeless.
The weather is always changing. Over the past few years, heavy rains have led to floods in many parts of the world. Droughts have taken place in Brazil and Australia. There have been heat waves in Europe which killed thousands. There have been more powerful hurricanes and tornadoes than ever before. In 2017 alone, the financial cost from global weather events was up to 340 billion dollars.
With more wild weather events happening, people couldn’t help asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural, or our fault? The answer seems to be: a little of both. Wild weather is natural. But most scientists hold the same view that human activity has made the Earth warmer. It is this global warming that makes heat waves more likely. The higher temperatures also result in more water to go into the air, which causes heavier and more frequent rain. Many scientists also believe global warming makes hurricanes and other storms stronger.
This means we’re likely to see more wild weather. “But we don’t have to just stand there and accept it,” says scientist Michael. He and other experts say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer. We also need to be prepared, to do things that will help save lives.
1. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?A.A past weather event happened in some areas in the world. |
B.Some facts are listed about the global warming. |
C.A number of recent weather events happened over the world. |
D.Wild weather is partly the result of human activity. |
A.By giving a lot of examples of recent wild weather events. |
B.By describing a serious flood that once happened. |
C.By predicting how the weather will change in a few years. |
D.By comparing the former wild weather with what happened now |
A.People can not do anything to prevent wild weather. |
B.If people stop global warming, the weather will be better. |
C.It is too late to stop global warming. |
D.People have to stand by and accept what will happen to us. |
A.In a tourist brochure | B.In a research paper |
C.In a science fiction | D.In a nature magazine |
4 . I hesitated when my friend suggested that we join the school’s new Tai Chi club. I used to think that tai chi was for the elderly. However, the first class changed my previous understanding of tai chi. A year later, I can say that tai chi has had a huge impact on me.
The first few tai chi classes were fun and easy, and the moves with descriptive names really caught my imagination, like “white crane spreading its wings” and “golden rooster standing on one leg.” When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from, he told me about the history of tai chi. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. However, nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi based on martial arts skills.
After the first few basic tai chi lessons, I found myself bored and aching from doing the same slow moves over and over again. Fortunately, my coach taught me how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind during ever, day practice. With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.
Meanwhile, I started to explore the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi. I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, which are believed to form the the unity of opposite. Neither can exist independent of the other. The practice of tai chi aims to keep the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards, up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. Ultimately, tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and mental peace.
The experience of a year of tai chi has affected my everyday life positively. I sleep more soundly at night, and feel more energetic during the day. I feel happier and more confident. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay calm in stressful situations. I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits it has brought me.
1. Why did the author join the Tai Chi Club?A.Because of his friend’s advice. | B.Because of his interest in it. |
C.Because of the school’s request. | D.Because of his parents’ suggestion. |
A.Quick and beautiful. | B.Quick and free. |
C.Slow and beautiful. | D.Slow and boring. |
A.Tai chi is influenced by Laozi’s philosophy of water. |
B.Tai chi can have a positive effect in people’s lives. |
C.You can find the origin of tai chi in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang. |
D.Tai chi can make people feel energetic and confident. |
A.Finally | B.Sometimes | C.Firstly | D.Constantly |
5 . Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is owned by Richard Avenz, the world-class rock climber who also owns the famous Climbing Gym Subway. Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is a 6,000-square-foot gym on Gothelm Street that hosts a 200-foot -long climbing wall and a cafe, where you can relax before or after climbing, or simply sit and watch your friends go for it.
Rock Climbing is also about the people you meet, as much as the climbing itself. Our gym is the perfect place for climbers to meet and share experiences. There are lessons seven days a week on the smaller wall and when someone is ready, they are let loose on the main wall, but always under observation. We have a great safety record and intend to keep it that way.
The gym is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, but lessons are between 12 to 6 p.m. You can get a student package for 700 pounds a month and there are also yearly deals, but daily or weekly deals are not provided.
Probably one of the best things the gym offers is weekend trips for many experienced climbers. You can get out and try a real rock face at the cost of 150 pounds. We arrange hotel accommodation for overnight and it’s free of charge. It’s a lot of fun. It’s a great way to meet people, strengthen your body and become part of the rock climbing community.
1. Which of the following is Not true about Richard Avenz?A.He is in possession of Seven Bays Rock Gym. |
B.He is an excellent climber. |
C.Climbing Gym Subway doesn’t belong to him. |
D.He is not only a sportsman but also a businessman. |
A.It is not open all year round. |
B.The lessons can be available any time. |
C.During weekend trips, the gym will offer hotel accommodation free of charge. |
D.The students can get daily deals. |
A.People who are fond of sports. | B.People who show interest in music. |
C.People who dream to be a scientist. | D.People who like geography. |
6 . A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water.
This device is particularly beneficial for areas with limited resources or without access to the electricity, as it can operate with any open water source and does not rely on external power sources.
It takes its inspiration from photosynthesis, the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. However, unlike earlier versions of the “artificial leaf”, which could produce green hydrogen fuel from clean water sources, this new device operates from polluted or seawater sources and can produce clean drinking water-at the same time.
“In remote or developing regions, where clean water is relatively scarce and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar, a member of the research team. “The device that could work using polluted water could solve two problems at once: it could split water to make clean fuel, and it could make clean drinking water.”
The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly.
“It’s such a simple design as well: in just a few steps, we can build a device that works well on water from a wide variety of sources,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar. “In addition, the new device uses more of the sun’s energy. The light-driven process for making solar fuels only uses a small portion of the solar spectrum (光谱) — there’s a whole lot of the spectrum that goes unused.”
1. What do we know about the new device?A.It can hardly produce clean hydrogen fuel. |
B.It needs a lot of power to function properly. |
C.It is not as convenient as the “artificial leaf”. |
D.It can turn polluted water into purified water. |
A.Insufficient. | B.Cheap. | C.Available. | D.Useless. |
A.Costly. | B.Environmentally-friendly. |
C.Outdated. | D.Complex. |
A.To stress the harm of air pollution to human beings. |
B.To predict how many people will buy the new device. |
C.To show the potential impact of the new device on the world. |
D.To explain the skills of selling the new device to the poor people. |
7 . A sudden illness took away most of Rebecca’s hearing when she was only six years old. Afterwards, she says her
read lips, and learned to speak confidently without being able to hear herself.
Today, working at the Qetan Sewing Center, Rebecca rediscovered something she greatly
Better still, Rebecca has also found a professional outlet. “I’ve always been
Rebecca says her
The way that Rebecca lives her life demonstrates this idea that you can achieve your goals
A.sadness | B.happiness | C.efforts | D.pains |
A.stopped | B.promised | C.refused | D.struggled |
A.pity | B.change | C.blame | D.fool |
A.whether | B.why | C.how | D.where |
A.Eventually | B.Immediately | C.Naturally | D.Absolutely |
A.tolerated | B.missed | C.considered | D.regretted |
A.positive | B.similar | C.limited | D.plain |
A.different | B.supportive | C.clean | D.safe |
A.satisfied with | B.aware of | C.interested in | D.careful about |
A.desire | B.secure | C.understand | D.adore |
A.task | B.job | C.journey | D.business |
A.improve | B.express | C.defend | D.reflect |
A.truth | B.choices | C.process | D.possibilities |
A.capacity | B.value | C.action | D.freedom |
A.in case of | B.as long as | C.in spite of | D.as far as |
8 . A couple of years ago I graduated from art school. After graduation I was unsure of what to do with my degree. I had majored in illustration (插画专业) and loved it, but didn’t really feel interested in doing illustrations for any companies. This left me with few options other than freelance (自由职业的) jobs and taking care of kids for others.
I spent two years working as a baby-sitter, doing freelance illustrations on the side. It just wasn’t quite enough to pay rent, but I loved it, so I worked well over 50 hours a week, trying to keep up with both.
Just under a year ago I went to a friend’s wedding. I couldn’t think of a gift for them and really didn’t have a lot of money to spare, so I used my talents to create a portrait (肖像) for them. It wasn’t much, but I hoped it would be a good gift. When I handed the portrait to them and they unwrapped it, the looks on their faces were something I did not expect. There were joyful tears in their eyes as they cried, “That’s us! This is so beautiful!”
It’s funny because when I was in art school portraits were always my least favourite assignment. I hated drawing people and was always so much more interested in drawing little furry creatures. Once I saw the looks on my friends’ faces after giving them their portrait, it was all over. I suddenly loved portraits and wanted to do more.
I now take portraits to every wedding I go to and have given them as gifts to the families I baby-sit for. Every time the reaction makes all of the hard work and time I put into them so worth it. I’ve just started offering couple, family and pet portraits as an item on my Etsy shop.
1. What did the author choose to do after graduation?
A.She worked for a long-term employer. |
B.She married and looked after her baby. |
C.She pursued further studies in her major. |
D.She worked as an illustrator as a side job. |
A.She was eager to show off her talent. |
B.She couldn’t afford an expensive gift. |
C.Her friends didn’t take wedding photos. |
D.She wanted to satisfy her friends’ request. |
A.Embarrassed. | B.Motivated. | C.Overjoyed. | D.Depressed. |
A.She earned more money to support her talent. |
B.She has begun to create her career as an illustrator. |
C.She turned to illustrations for pets other than humans. |
D.She no longer needs to go to the families she baby-sat for. |
9 . Finland’s education system is considered one of the best in the world. Finland (芬兰) is not only the top European country but also competes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea. But what makes the educational system in this small country so different from others in the western world?
Until the 1960s Finland’s school system had been influenced largely by its neighbor, the Soviet Union. Most students left school after six years; some went on to private (私人的) schools. Only the wealthy ones got a better education. In the middle of the 1960s the Finnish government saw the need to reform and modernize (使现代化) their education system if they wanted to be internationally competitive.
Most of Finland’s schools get their money from the government. The people who are in charge of the education system, from teachers to officials are trained teachers, not politicians like in other countries.
Teachers work with their pupils in school as much as possible. When teachers are not with the pupils, they spend a lot of time in schools working on the curriculum and new projects.
All Finnish children, whether they come from the city or the country, whether from a rich or poor family, have the same chances in education. There are not so many differences between the wealthy and poor, as in America or other western European countries. Education experts say that there is very little difference between very good and the worst students. Two thirds of Finnish pupils move on to higher education, the highest rate (比率) in the European Union.
1. What did the Finland government do in the middle of the 1960s?A.They encouraged students to go to private school. |
B.They lengthened preschool education. |
C.They reformed the school system. |
D.They learned modern education from neighboring countries. |
A.the children in Finland attend preschool at the age of six |
B.the children in Finland are educated equally |
C.the school system in Finland is better than that in Singapore |
D.the school equipment in Finland doesn’t meet international standards |
A.the school system in Finland has been very successful |
B.Asian countries are successful in school education |
C.students in these places are better than those in European countries |
D.the educational system in Asia is different from that in the western world |
A.What Differences European Schools Have | B.Why Finland’s School System Has Changed |
C.What Good Schools Provide Students With | D.Why Finland’s School System Is Successful |
10 . I fell into love with shopping at the age of 10. After a short time being just a buyer, I wanted to sell something. I had many things around the house from my childhood that I no longer needed. I knew, with the help of my father, I could make money. I enjoyed myself by selling things on my dad’s account (账户).
On December 9, 2022, I opened my own account and began to start my own business. Things were going great and then I realized that selling things around house wasn’t making me the kind of money that I wanted to make, so I decided to turn my business into a resale (零售) shop. I went around to the garage sale (旧货出售处) and bought items at low prices and sold them at higher prices.
Last November, I went to a garage sale that was a little bit different. A single lady had many nice items that I knew I would sell quickly. I went up to her and started a conversation with her. Through the conversation, I knew she was jobless at the moment and needed money to support her family. I decided to sell any of her things for her to help her out. She looked at me for a moment and then broke into tears. I took away some of her things and over the next month I made over $1,500 for her! She was so thankful for all of my help.
I have never felt so happy to help someone in my life. I felt as if I had made a difference in this world and that my skills could be used to help someone who would really need it.
1. At first, __________ helped her make money by selling things.A.the girl’s father | B.the girl’s mother |
C.the girl’s teacher | D.a single lady |
A.meet single ladies | B.buy things for her resale shop |
C.help others | D.sell things she no longer needed |
A.the lady’s items were nice | B.the lady’s items were of good quality |
C.the lady lived a hard life | D.the lady asked the author for help |
A.disappointed | B.amazed | C.proud | D.appreciative |