The term “extreme sports”, which we might have seen on a magazine or a website,
During the 1970s and 1980s, the term was used for sports with high risks
Extreme sports cover a wide range. Some
Nowadays, such sports have become more popular
2 . ''Our most beautiful part is our bridge because we can make wind energy by this bridge and our main transportation is used by this bridge. '' The future city competition puts young teens in charge of building a city that can respond to a challenge. This year's challenge is resilience (重建能力) after a natural disaster like an earthquake. The models must be built with recycled materials for less than 100 dollars.
But behind this is some serious engineering. Each group has to present its city's resilience features to the audience and judges. ''The sea walls are made with concrete and steel to reduce the tidal waves impact on the shoreline. '' And it's about more than just infrastructure(基础设施). Judges want to know that you've thought about your citizens, too. ''If someone wants to design a building that's 50 floors, we make an agreement like maybe 20 of them have to be low-income housing. '' Engineering Outreach Group Discover (EOGD) has run the competition for nearly three decades. Director of programs Thea Sahr says it is an effective teaching tool. She tells of one boy who asked his teacher when they would get back to the real learning. ''You know the kind we were just sitting there reading the books and telling you the answers, '' and she said ''well what do you know about storm water that you didn't know last week. What do you know about scale? And you're having a really good time while you're doing it. '' He says this is learning. '' I want to do more of this. ''
The winners take home 7,500 dollars for their school’s science program, and get a trip to a science focused summer camp. This year's winners from Warwick Middle School in Pennsylvania say they also learned real-world skills like dealing with failure. ''The hardest part was trying not to get frustrated when something didn't work. And I think our team members really contributed to that. Communication is key. '' Listen, when you're building a city, engineering is just part of it.
1. What does ''we'' refer to in the first paragraph?| A．Teen competitors. | B．School boys. |
| C．College students. | D．Engineers |
| A．To increase students' communication skills. |
| B．To allow students to experience the work of engineers. |
| C．To strength the friendship between students. |
| D．To offer students a different way of learning. |
| A．The winners can share the 7,500. |
| B．The winners can take part in all kinds of summer camps. |
| C．The biggest challenge for the team is using the knowledge of engineering. |
| D．The participants can learn a lot besides engineering. |
| A．Building City of the Future: A Way of Out School Learning |
| B．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom |
| C．EOGD: A Middle School Reform |
| D．The City of Future: the Place Full of Imagination |
Why play sports? You might say “to get exercise” and you’d be right. To have fun? That’s true, too. But there are more. In fact, there are at least 5 more reasons. According to the Women’s Sports Foundation, girls who play sports get a lot more than just fit.
Girls who play sports do better in school. You might think that athletics will take up all your study time. But research shows that girls who play sports do better in school than those who don’t. Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.
Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills. Sports teach valuable life skills. When you work with coaches, trainers, and teammates to win games and achieve goals, you’re learning how to be successful. Those skills will benefit you at work and in family life.
Sports are good for a girl’s health. In addition to being fit and maintaining a healthy weight, girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke. And later in life, girls who exercise are less likely to get breast cancer or osteoporosis(骨质疏松).
Playing sports builds self-confidence. Girls who play sports feel better about themselves. Why? It builds confidence when you know you can achieve your goals. Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls get in shape, maintain a healthy weight, and make new friends.
Exercise cuts the pressure. Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier. How? The brain chemicals released during exercise improve a person’s mood. Friends are another mood-lifter. And being on a team creates tight bonds between friends. It’s good to know your teammates will support you—both on and off the field!
1. What’s the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)2. List three advantages that exercise can give you when you are in school. (no more than 6 words)
3. In your opinion, why are sports good for your health? (no more than 20 words)
4. What does “they” refer to in Para. 5? (one word)
5. What can lift your mood while playing sports? (no more than 15 words)
1. What is the classification of climbing based on?
| A．Equipment used. | B．The size of the rocks. | C．The skills used in climbing. |
| A．Equipment and tools. | B．Tools and strength. | C．Skill and knowledge. |
| A．Balance. | B．Muscles. | C．Bravery. |
| A．Rock climbers. | B．Rock climbing. | C．Rock climbing equipment. |
1. When can Mike arrive?
| A．At 4:30. | B．At 4:40. | C．At 4:50. |
| A．Badminton. | B．Running. | C．Football. |
| A．On the third floor of the stadium | B．On the fourth floor of the stadium |
| C．On the fourth floor of the gym | |
| A．Once a week | B．Twice a week | C．Three times a week |
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| 个人情况 | 17岁，男，高二学生 |
| 健康状况 | 身体健康 |
| 爱好 | 热爱体育运动，曾得过学校男子一万米长跑的冠军 |
| 个性 | 工作认真负责，乐于奉献，具有团队合作精神，容易与他人相处 |
| 态度 | …… |
| 其他 | …… |
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．必须包含所有要点，但不要逐字翻译；
3．文章的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：火炬手torch bearer 冬奥会the Winter Olympic Games
Dear Mr. Zhang,
My name is Li Hua. I’m writing this letter ______________________________________________________
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1. When is the football match?
| A．In the morning. | B．In the afternoon. | C．In the evening. |
| A．At the woman’s house. | B．At a public house. | C．At a restaurant. |
| A．Drive to the country. |
| B．Go to the cinema. |
| C．Take Carlos back to the station. |
9 . There is virtue in working standing up. It sounds like a fashion. But it does have a basis in science.
That, by itself, may not be surprising. Health ministries ask people for decades to do more exercise. What is surprising is that long periods of inactivity are bad regardless of how much time you also spend on officially approved high-impact stuff like pounding treadmills(跑步机) in the gym. What you need instead, the latest research suggests, is constant low-level activity. This can be so low-level that you might not think of it as activity at all. Even just standing up counts, for it invokes muscles that sitting does not.
Researchers in this field trace the history of the idea that standing up is good for you back to 1953, when a study published in The Lancet found that bus conductors, who spent their days standing, had a risk of heart attack half that of bus drivers, who spent their shifts on their backsides. But as the health benefits of exercise and vigorous(强度大的) physical activity began to become clear in the 1970s, says David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia, interest in low-intensity activity --- like walking and standing --- became weaker.
Over the past few years, however, interest has been excited again. A series of studies, none big enough to provide convincing evidence, but all pointing in the same direction, persuaded Emma Wilmot of the University of Leicester, in Britain, to carry out a meta-analysis. This is a technique that combines diverse studies in a statistically meaningful way. Dr Wilmot combined 18 of them, covering almost 800,000 people and concluded that those individuals who are the least active in their normal daily lives are twice as likely to develop diabetes(糖尿病) as those who are the most active. She also found that the immobile are twice as likely to die from a heart attack and two-and-a-half times as likely to suffer cardiovascular disease as the most mobile. Crucially, all this seemed to be independent of the amount of vigorous, gym-style exercise that volunteers did.
1. The surprising thing mentioned in Paragraph 2 is that ______.| A．Low-level activities are better than high-level ones. |
| B．Long periods of inactivity are bad to people’s health |
| C．The benefits of high-impact exercise are not highly approved by people |
| D．Strong physical activities cannot make up for the bad effects of inactivity. |
| A．Researchers didn’t devote much to studying their health benefits. |
| B．The health benefits of high-impact exercise were widely recognized. |
| C．It was believed to be unable to invoke all the muscles of the body. |
| D．It was proved not so effective in reducing the risk of heart attacks. |
| A．disagreed with her assumption |
| B．consisted with the results of the 1953 study |
| C．changed her original research objectives |
| D．confirmed David Dunstan’s research results |
| A．The history of the theory. |
| B．The benefits of standing up. |
| C．Low-level activity and health. |
| D．A series of epidemiological studies. |
10 . When did you last see a polar bear？On a trip to a zoo，perhaps？If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago，you would have seen a whole polar bear club.These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water.That day，the air temperature was 3℃，and the water temperature was a bit higher.The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island，New York are usually about the age of 60.Members must satisfy two requirements.First，they must get along well with everyone else in the group.This is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club.Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold－water swimming.Some are worried about the danger of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.Other doctors，however，point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold－water swimming.They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm.Cold－water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water.A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold－water swimming.
The main benefits (or advantages) of cold－water swimming are probably mental.The Polar Bears love to swim year－round；they find it fun and relaxing.As one 70－year－old woman says.“When I go into the water，I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”
1. The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that ________．| A．they must reach the age of 60 |
| B．they should be easy to make friends with |
| C．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months |
| D．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February |
| A．you are healthy if cold－water swimming turns your skin color blue |
| B．cold－water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter |
| C．cold－water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high |
| D．Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water |
| A．they can remain young |
| B．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter |
| C．they find it enjoyable and interesting |
| D．they might meet fewer troubles in life |
| A．a group of cold－water swimming lovers |
| B．the polar bears' life |
| C．doctors' ideas about cold－water swimming |
| D．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club |
