2 . Chinese kung fu is one of the earliest and longest­lasting sports that use both muscle and brain. Over its long history it has developed as a unique combination of exercise, practical self­defense, self­discipline and art.

It is estimated that Chinese kung fu can date back to primitive society. At that time, people used sticks to fight wild beasts. Gradually, they accumulated a great deal of self­defense experience.When the Shang Dynasty began, hunting was considered an important part of kung fu training.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, martial arts(武术) evolved to become a kind of dancing. Usually, the dancing of martial arts was used to train soldiers and inspire their morale(士气). At the same time, the skill and technology of sword making as well as sword ceremonies developed rapidly.

Starting from the Tang Dynasty, a kung fu examination was proposed and introduced. Excellent candidates would receive titles and awards through the examination, largely promoting the development of martial arts. By then, martial arts had evolved to become an art form and an independent genre. Kung fu was gradually introduced to many countries in Southeast Asia. Today, kung fu is honored as the ancestor of kickboxing(跆拳道)，karate(空手道) and judo.

The Song and Yuan Dynasties witnessed the climax of kung fu development. The practice of kung fu by civil organizations became more and more popular. People actually made a living as martial arts performers all over the country. Usually their performance was carried out by a single person or two people as a pair.

Chinese kung fu achieved greater development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, a lot of genres came into being and numerous books on martial arts were published. In the Qing Dynasty, the ruling emperor banned the practice of martial arts, and the people had to set up various clubs or societies to pass on the skills in secret.

Today, kung fu continues to be practiced by many people for the purpose of keeping fit or improving body image.

1. According to the text，________was an important part of the development of kung fu in ancient times.

A．hunting.	B．dancing.
C．singing.	D．fighting.

2. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties，kung fu was used to ________.

A．promote the national economy.

B．keep healthy and improve body image.

C．train soldiers and inspire their morale.

D．fight big wild animals.

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．The production of swords reached the highest point during the Tang Dynasty.

B．Kung fu was performed by many people during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

C．Kung fu had a great impact on many activities in Southeast Asia.

D．The Tang Dynasty witnessed the climax of kung fu development.

4. How did kung fu evolve in the Ming Dynasty?

A．The emperor set up many organizations to promote kung fu.

B．Various genres appeared and books were published about kung fu.

C．Kung fu became the only performance at court parties.

D．People made a living as kung fu performers all over the country.

3 . A Language Programme for Teenagers

Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.

Our Courses

Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.

Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas----speaking, listening, reading and writing.

Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).

Course Type	Days	Number of Lesson	Course Timetable
Standard Course	Mon－Fri	20 lessons	9:00-12:30
Intensive Course	Mon－Fri	20 lessons	9:00-12:30
		20 lessons	13:00-14:30

Evaluation

Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.   Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.

Arrivals and Transfer

Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full details at least 4 weeks in advance.

Meals/Allergies/Special Dietary Requirements

Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch (which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.

We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/ or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.

1. When can a student attend Standard Course?

A．9:00-12:30 Tuesday.

B．13:00-14:30 Monday.

C．13:00-14:30 Friday.

D．9:00-12:30 Saturday.

2. Before starting their programme, students are expected to _______.

A．take a language test

B．have an online interview

C．prepare learning materials

D．report their language levels

3. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to_______.

A．inform students of their full flight details

B．look after students throughout the programme

C．offer students free sightseeing trips

D．collect students’ luggage in advance

4 . The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates( 种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to   90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.

Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates prefer to employ women pickers because they are more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant, which are the parts used for processing tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings. A skilled worker can harvest between 9 to 14 kilogrammes of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days.

Processing tea shoots into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill. There are various methods of processing depending on the type of tea required. For black tea, the young green leaves are first spread out on shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this, the leaves are passed through heavy rollers. This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both its colour and taste. Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment（发酵）under wet conditions. Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea. The fermented leaves are then dried with a hot-air blower until they become rolled-up black leaves. The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready for sale to countries all over the world.

1. In the first paragraph, the word “pruning” means ________ .

A．regular cutting of the plants

B．frequent watering

C．regular use of chemicals

D．growing the plants high in the mountain

2. One of the reasons why women are employed to do the picking is that ________.

A．they work harder than men do in the picking

B．they can throw their pickings more easily into the baskets

C．their fingers fit them better for the job

D．they can more easily find the twin leaves

3. How many processing steps are mentioned in the last paragraph?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

4. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?

A．To introduce various methods of tea processing.

B．To persuade readers to buy tea from Sri Lanka.

C．To tell a story that had happened in the tea gardens.

D．To inform readers of tea growing, picking and processing.

5 . Waking up with “morning breath” is quite normal, and it usually goes away after eating and drinking, or brushing your teeth. Your breath can also smell different after drinking coffee or alcohol, or eating spicy food, garlic or onions—sometimes you may think you've got bad breath when actually it's quite okay.

However, if you're concerned or embarrassed about halitosis（口臭）—ongoing bad breath, a trip to the doctor or dentist should be in order, because there could be something else going on with your health.

Your mouth is the first place to investigate the origin of bad breath. When smell-causing bacteria attack food after eating, they release strong-smelling sulphur（硫）. People with halitosis may have more of these bacteria present in their mouth. Additionally, not cleaning, or brushing your teeth properly leads to a build-up of harmful substances on the teeth, and can cause some swelling and strong smell in the mouth. Medical conditions that reduce the amount of saliva（唾液）in the mouth can cause problems too. That's because saliva keeps the mouth just wet, reducing strong smell.

Strong-smelling breath can be a symptom of medical conditions such as mouth or throat infections. A pear-smelling breath caused by high blood sugar, which occurs as a result of uncontrolled diabetes（糖尿病）, can also indicate some other serious diseases.

If you're worried how your breath smells at close range, nutritionist Katrina Pace comes to the rescue with simple tips. "Keep away from sharp-tasting food, drink and alcohol," Katrina said. "Drinking water regularly and chewing fresh parsley（欧芹）can also help."

1. When should we see a doctor about a bad breath?

A．After eating sharp-tasting food.	B．When waking up with morning breath
C．After drinking coffee or alcohol.	D．When having continuous smelly breath.

2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．The causes of bad breath.	B．The effects of medicines
C．The importance of saliva.	D．The necessity of teeth-brushing.

3. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A．Strong-smelling breath may result in diabetes.

B．Mouth infections are a symptom of bad breath.

C．Pear-smelling breath may be a sign of some diseases

D．Throat infections are caused by strong-smelling breath.

4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Business.

B．Health

C．Education

D．Entertainment.

6 . The Biggest Shopping Malls in the World

Iran Mall

Now Iran Mall is the biggest mall in the world. Located in Northwest Tehran, it covers a total area of around 21 million square feet. It’s a commercial, cultural and social center. On its roof, people can do activities like hiking, cycling, playing tennis and even swimming. While the already finished areas of Iran Mall come together to make this mall the biggest in the world, some parts are still being built.

Central World

Located in the capital of Thailand, Central World is one of the largest shopping centers in Bangkok. The Central World mall includes 500 stores, 100 restaurants and cafés and 15 cinemas. It has a kid’s zone, a learning center and two department stores. It also has its own ice rink (溜冰场).

South China Mall

The title of “World’s Biggest Mail” was once held by South China Mall in China. But in 2018 the construction of the supermall in Iran brought it down one spot to second place. It covers an area of 7. 1 million square feet and was opened in 2005. It includes seven different zones that are designed to be like important cities around the world. One zone includes a model Arc de Triomphe (凯旋门) like the one in Paris, and another with gondolas (long and narrow boats) in Venice.

Mall of Istanbul

Mall of Istanbul covers over 7 million square feet space. Besides the shopping choices, this one has a large theme park right inside! It’s the first of its kind in Turkey. It has over 300 stores. Moreover, it has several performance centers, a gourmet (美食) center and a shopping center. It is also home to Turkey’s biggest cinema center with 12 theaters.

1. In which mall are there some parts still under construction?

A．Iran Mall.

B．Central World.

C．South China Mall.

D．Mall of Istanbul.

2. What can you do in South China Mall?

A．Visit a 7.1-million-square-foot boat.

B．Do exciting recreational activities on its roof.

C．Shop in fifteen different foreign zones.

D．See models of other countries’ typical scenes.

3. What makes Mall of Istanbul special in Turkey?

A．Its performance centers.	B．Its large inside theme park.
C．Its biggest gourmet center.	D．Its world’s largest ice rink.

7 . Mental health and happiness are important to student success in higher education but rarely get the attention they need. Colleges and universities in the United States have been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades. Promoting student mental health and emotional happiness on campus requires more than a well-functioning counseling center. It calls for a campus-wide commitment action plan.

American undergraduate students have been reporting increasing rates of anxiety, depression and substance use for decades. In the 2018–2019 Healthy Minds Study (HMS) survey, 40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty accessing mental health care on campus or in the community. Other studies estimate that the dropout rate for U.S. undergraduate students with mental health problems is over 40%, and that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times that of the general population.

Most academic institutions provide some mental health services, often through a counseling center. But no matter how good that center is, it alone cannot solve the problems. An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution or in the local community. Another important question is whether there are elements of the institution’s own environment or culture that contribute to the problems that students are experiencing, like unreasonable workloads or deadlines for assignments.

Every college and university should carry out a comprehensive action plan to achieve this goal. This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional budgets. But supporting the whole student is so important that financial priorities should be rearranged.

1. What happens to undergraduate students in America?

A．They pay little attention to higher education.	B．Increasing students suffer from mental illness.
C．They are lacking in a sense of happiness.	D．They lose confidence in the future careers.

2. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?

A．Terrible dropout rates.	B．Decreasing general population.
C．Emotional happiness.	D．Mentally healthy problems.

3. What is the key solution to fixing the problems?

A．Analyzing the present situation.	B．Opening more counseling centers.
C．Offering free mental health services.	D．Reducing unreasonable workloads.

4. How can we put a comprehensive action plan into practice?

A．By giving some useful advice.	B．By offering financial support.
C．By turning to the government.	D．By getting enough trying time.

8 . When Ma Hu was chosen for a baseball training camp in Beijing, the 12-year-old didn't have the slightest idea how baseball was played or even what a baseball field looked like.

The son of a migrant worker in Ningxia, northwest China didn't have enough warmth of family. In the past, he was a headache for the teachers at school, acting up in the class and fighting with classmates during break time.

"I was lost at the street crossing and got picked up by the camp people" is how Ma describes how he came to join the training camp run by the Power Baseball Angel project. It was launched by Sun Lingfeng, former captain of the men's national baseball team, in 2015 to provide professional training to children from poor households and remote areas.

When Ma joined the camp, it had only 16 boys. They were told those who could get into the national top three would qualify for college admission. Other good players could join professional baseball teams. Still others could work at the base, leaching the newcomers.

Ma, now 15, has become a professional baseball player with a bright future. His story, including his early days when he fought with his teammates and ignored the coaches instructions, is part of an award-winning documentary Tough Out on the young baseball players at the camp, which was released in December 2020.

The documentary focuses on the team of underprivileged and abandoned children who struggled to learn a new sport and build a new life for themselves while fighting low self-esteem（自尊）and pursuing their dreams. It is dedicated to people who work hard silently, seize every opportunity and refuse to admit defeat.

1. Why did Sun Lingfeng start the Power Baseball Angel project?

A．To promote baseball in big cities of China

B．To train children who are fond of baseball.

C．To select players for the national baseball team

D．To offer poor kids professional baseball training

2. Which word can best describe Ma Hu?

A．Promising.

B．Independent

C．Caring.

D．Honest.

3. What does the underlined word "underprivileged" in paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Naughty.

B．Disadvantaged

C．Outgoing.

D．Ambitious

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．A Moving Story of a Baseball Camp Founder

B．An Award-winning Documentary on Baseball

C．Potential Boys Fighting Hard for College Dreams

D．Poor Youngsters Staying Ahead through Baseball

9 . Electric vehicles are close to the "turning point" of rapid mass adoption thanks to the decreasing cost of batteries, experts say.

Global sales of electric vehicles rose 43% in 2020, but even faster growth is expected when continuing falls in battery prices result in the price of electric cars under the same petrol and diesel (柴油) models, which may happen between 2023 and 2025. According to a study by Prof. Tim Lonton, at the University of Exeter, the turning point has already been passed in Norway, where tax breaks (税收减免) mean electric cars are cheaper and the market share of battery-powered cars increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway, compared with less than 5% in most European nations.

The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and faster than predicted thanks to a massive production and cuts in costs, such as reducing the amount of expensive cobalt (钴) required. BloombergNEF's analysis predicts lithium-ion (锂离子) battery costs will fall so sharply that electric cars can match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023. McKin-sey's Global Energy Perspective 2021, published on 15 January, forecasts that "electric vehicles are likely to become the most economic choice in the next five years worldwide".

Electric cars, vital in efforts to fight climate crisis, are quieter and start to go faster, so people do not want to return to a petrol or diesel vehicle once they have one. A survey of 2,000 electric car owners found 91% said they did not want to go back.

"The survey shows the strong and lasting impact of switching to a clean car. The evidence in favour of electric vehicles grows more convincing even in a year as destructive as 2020," said Melanie Shufflebotham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging points.

1. What leads to the growing sales of electric vehicles?

A．The rise in petrol prices.	B．The desire for a lower tax.
C．The drop in battery costs.	D．The need for a cleaner life.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Policies in Norway support electric vehicles

B．Economy in Norway outgrows other nations

C．The market share of electric vehicles will decline.

D．The tax breaks in Europe will continue to increase.

3. How will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price?

A．By increasing the demand for cobalt.

B．By boosting the sales of electric cars.

C．By reducing the production of batteries.

D．By cutting the costs of lithium-ion batteries.

4. What is the attitude of people surveyed towards electric cars?

A．Tolerant.

B．Positive.

C．Unwilling.

D．Opposed.

10 . Today’s grandparents are joining grandchildren on social media, but the different generation’s online habits couldn’t be more different. The over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site’s second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55-64 and 2.9 million over-65s.

Sheila, aged 59, says, “I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It’s a much better way to see what they’re doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. I think I’m lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.”

However, Sheila’s grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 are leaving the site—only 2.2 million users are under 17---but they’re not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, age 15, even sleeps with her phone. “It’s my alarm clock so I have to,” she says. “I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.”

Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. He says, “How could I tell my kids to get off their phones is I was always in front of a screen myself?” So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. “I’m not completely separated from the world if emergent, but the important thing is that I’m setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.”

Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend (趋势) for a less digital life?

1. How does Sheila feel about social media?

A．Useful.

B．Disappointed.

C．Useless.

D．Addicted.

2. Why does Peter take his SIM card out of his smartphone?

A．To make calls to his boss.

B．To stop his work.

C．To set a good example to his kids.

D．To catch up with the new trend.

3. What does the underlined word “separated” mean in Paragraph 4?

A．different

B．figured out

C．cut off

D．protected

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Children under 17 don’t use smartphone at all.

B．Chloe is one of the early adopters of the smartphone.

C．Today’s grandparents enjoy a life without social media.

D．People may enjoy a less digital life in the near future.