1 . Range anxiety(里程焦虑), the fear of running out of power before being able to recharge an electric vehicle, may be a thing of the past, according to a team of Penn State engineers who are looking at lithium iron phosphate batteries(磷酸铁锂电池) that have a range of 250 miles with the ability to charge in 10 minutes.

“We developed a pretty clever battery for mass-market electric vehicles,” said Chao-Yang Wang, a professor and director of the Electrochemical Engine Center at Penn State. “There is no more range anxiety and this battery is affordable”. The researchers also say that the battery should be good for 2 million miles in its lifetime.

They report today in Nature Energy that the key to long-life and rapid recharging is the battery’s ability to quickly heat up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, for charge and discharge, and then cool down when the battery is not working.

The battery uses a self-heating approach previously developed in Wang’s center. The self-heating battery uses a thin nickel foil(镍箔) with one end attached to the negative terminal and the other extending outside the cell to create a third terminal. Once electrons flow it rapidly heats up the nickel foil through resistance heating and warm the inside of the battery. Once the battery’s internal temperature is 140 degrees F, the switch opens and the battery is ready for rapid charge or discharge.

“This battery has slenderized weight, volume and cost,” said Wang. “I am very happy that we finally found a battery that will benefit the mainstream consumer mass market.” According to Wang, these smaller batteries can produce a large amount of power upon heating—40 kilowatt hours and 300 kilowatts of power. An electric vehicle with this battery could go from zero to 60 miles per hour in 3 seconds and would drive like a Porsche, he said. “This is how we are going to change the environment and not contribute to just the luxury cars,” said Wang. “Let everyone afford electric vehicles.”

1. Which can best describe the battery in the text?

A．Cheap and heavy.	B．Costly but beneficial.
C．Expensive but small-sized.	D．Affordable and efficient.

2. Why can the battery be used for long and charged so fast?

A．It is environmentally friendly.	B．It heats up and cools down rapidly.
C．It helps speed up the car instantly.	D．It charges when it doesn’t work.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A．How the battery works.	B．Advantages of the battery.
C．How the battery is produced.	D．Applications of the battery.

4. The underlined word “slenderized” in Paragraph 5 can probably be replaced by________.

A．promoted

B．gathered

C．combined

D．reduced

2 . Linguist Nicholas Evans had heard the Kaiadilt people, an Aboriginal(澳洲土著的) group in Northern Australia, say “malji” on the beach many times. He knew the term meant “schools of mullet” and “holes of a fishing net”, but they would say it even when pointing at empty water. It wasn’t until he saw a local artist’s painting of malji that he realized the word also convey other meanings. This is never a rare occurrence in Australia.

The Kaiadilt’s native Kayardild vocabulary, as with many small remote cultures, got weakened by Europeans who conquered the area. Take Australia for example, as Kayardild and other Aboriginal tongues faded under British rule, the communities lost the ability to pass on their understanding of natural patterns and island ecology. In modern history, the tongue has never had more than a few hundred speakers. Today, according to UNESCO, approximately 40 percent of the world’s 7,000 languages are at risk of disappearing in the next century or two. Losing them means letting go of ancient knowledge about little-known places reflected within the words. “Each language holds clues that help us understand all people, but you don’t know until you look,” says Evans.

From a global perspective, anthropologist(人类学家) can study the evolution of speech patterns to help fill in our history. They can see how people moved across islands and discover when technologies like “canoes” came out by tracking the appearance of sailing terms.

On the individual level, working to save tongues offers a way to get back identity and share cultural pride. That’s been the case in Hawaii, where immersion schools(沉浸式学校) run jointly by Native Hawaiians and the state government helped the number of olelo-fluent speakers jump from a few dozen to 24,000 between 1985 and 2010. Elsewhere, international groups like the Endangered Language Fund are helping Aboriginal scholars launch their own campaigns. Each word they save makes the human experience complete.

1. What can we infer about langunges in Kaiadilt?

A．They are poor in the number of words.

B．One word can give different descriptions.

C．The author knows them very well.

D．Their situation is unique in Australia.

2. What do small remote cultures have in common?

A．They are too weak to develop.

B．They reflects little about locals.

C．They suffered from cultural aggression.

D．They are dying out at a tolerant speed.

3. Why are the data of UNESCO mentioned?

A．To show the troubles ancient tongues face.

B．To stress the importance of ancient tongues.

C．To describe the efforts of saving ancient tongues.

D．To indicate the success of learning ancient tongues.

4. What do we know about the last 2 paragraphs?

A．Experts write history to preserve ancient tongues.

B．Experts study speech patterns to find identity.

C．Preserving ancient tongues is a combined effort.

D．The native schools alone can make a success.

3 . It was a cold and dark November morning several years ago. My alarm clock had just gone off but I was having trouble getting out of bed. My Dad had died a few weeks before and I found myself just going through sadness and depression. I didn't feel ready to go on without him.

My Day had been my hero growing up. He had worked so hard all of his life to provide for us. He had a temper and would sometimes yell at me and my brothers, but he also had a kindness and gentle laugh that he would share with us as well. I always knew that he loved me. Still, he had been raised in an old fashioned way and raised us that way too. I couldn't remember ever being hugged by him after I reached a certain age.

After my granny passed away, his health began to rapidly fail and within a few months brain cancer had taken him from us. I remember thinking what I would have given for just one last hug from him.

I sighed and got out of bed. I turned on the lights and walked into the hallway. I saw my son Jones walking down the hall to meet me. Suddenly, he opened his arms and gave me a huge. And just as he did I heard my Dad's voice deep inside of me say, "Joey, this hug is from me!" I cried and smiled at the same time. At that moment, in the place where heart, mind, and spirit all meet I felt loved. I felt loved by Dad. And I knew that I couldn't give up on life. I still had a lot of things left to do and a lot of love left to, share.

1. Why was the author unwilling to get up that morning?

A．He worked too hard and was tired.

B．He couldn't face his father's death.

C．His alarm clock was out of order.

D．His father failed to wake him up.

2. What can we know about the author's father?

A．He was bad-tempered but seldom shouted at his sons.

B．He was open-minded and raised children in new ways.

C．He embraced the author at his request in the end.

D．He wasn't good at expressing his love and care.

3. Why did the author both cry and smile?

A．He met his bon all by accident.	B．He heard what his father said.
C．He truly felt the love at last.	D．He suddenly got his Dad's hug.

4. What can be a best title for the text?

A．A Hug From Dad	B．Dad, My Hero
C．A New Life For Me	D．Share All Love

4 . While known for its Pacific Ocean beaches and fashionable coastal towns, the Golden State is also home to many new and clean lakes where visitors can soak up the sun and cool off.

Shasta Lake

Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California at 30. 000 acres wide. The Lake is in Northern California and is a three and a half-hour drive from Los Angeles. With 370 miles of shoreline,   it's no surprise that renting a houseboat is a popular activity. Depending on their location ,   visitors can enjoy the view of Mt. Shasta, which has snow on its peak year-round.

Big Bear Lake

Big Bear Lake is another great option for those wanting to take a day trip from Los Angeles. It takes only two hours to drive there from downtown Los Angeles. Animal lovers can stop by the Big Bear Alpine Zoo to get an up-close look at the lake's namesake (同名物). The lake also has many hiking and biking trails,   along with plenty of fishing spots.

Lake Havasu

Lake Havasu is divided along the border of California and Arizona and is an oasis (绿洲)in the desert. It's a five-hour drive from Los Angeles and a two and a half hour drive from Las Vegas. Visitors can fish or go boating on the lake that was formed from the Colorado River.

Mono Lake

Mono Lake is located in the Sierra Nevada mountains and spans more than 70 miles. It's a five-hour drive from either Los Angeles or San Francisco. Visitors into fishing should head to a different lake because this body of water does not have any fish. It's a salty lake, which means that it's filled with saltwater and is two to three times saltier than the ocean.

1. What can we know about Shasta Lake from the text?

A．It's the biggest in America.

B．It's located in Southern California.

C．Visitors can watch snow there.

D．Visitors can look at bears there.

2. Which is the closest to Los Angeles?

A．Shasta Lake.	B．Big Bear Lake.
C．Lake Havasu.	D．Mono Lake.

3. In which column of a newspaper can you probably see the text?

A．Travel

B．Geography.

C．Sport.

D．Education.

5 . Decades ago, NASA asked experts to develop the "smell of space1' in order to help prepare astronauts for the experience of outer space. Now, a perfume, Eau de Space, has attracted eager buyers.

According to the Kickstarter campaign, which has been launched to sell Eau de Space, the history of the "smell of space" has been unclear owing to various accounts of its development. Ever since the first spacewalk, astronauts have been shocked by the smell.

NASA astronauts Col. Chris Hadfield said, "The only time you can smell space is when you come back from a spacewalk. As you open the hatch(舱门)，there is a distinctive smell. " Some astronauts and space tourists describe it as fruit, or burnt cookies. Astronauts Gene Cernan talked of another smell he experienced: "The moon smells like spent gunpowder " The smell of space is so distinct that NASA reached out to fragrance makers to recreate the smell, according to NASA documents.

Now, the makers have cooperated with award winning perfumers(香水调配师)，and report that they've secured commercial contracts to reproduce the smell based on astronaut’s accounts.

At S29 per boule. Eau de Space will help support STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) programs for students. “For every bottle of Eau de Space you buy, were going to donate one to a STEM program for low-income. It’s a big promise and isn’t the best decision for a company trying to make a profit. But we really believe in the cause and hope you do too. Imagine that a child who smells Eau de Space today is inspired Io become an astronaut, scientist or engineer,” shows Kickstarter.

Eau de Space will be made in the UK employing low-income labor and environmentally-friendly practices, including zero manufacturing waste, according to the campaign. So far, about 11,000 people have become supporters.

1. Why was the Kickstarter campaign started?

A．To promote Eau de Space.	B．To attract perfume makers.
C．To explain the “smell of space”.	D．To recreate the “smell of space”.

2. What do we know about Eau de Spice?

A．Its makers will make a profit of S28 per bottle,

B．It has been available in the market for a long lime.

C．It can get astronauts ready for their space experience.

D．Its smell is designed according to astronauts' descriptions.

3. What can be inferred about the new perfume from the last paragraph?

A．Part of its profits will support low-income students.

B．The company will offer its employees high salaries.

C．Its production process won't damage the environment.

D．About 11,000 people have tried it out personally so far.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Eau de Space, a Perfume Used in Space

B．The “Smell of Space”, a Perfume on the Way

C．The History of Developing the “Smell of Space”

D．Astronauts’ Different Accounts about the Space Smell

6 . In early December,a new set of rules governing behavior inside Shanghai's subway came ffect, forbidding listening to electronic devices without earphones inside subway coaches.

This was long called for. Subway cars are public spaces where nobody should annoy others. However, in reality there are many who play their music or movies without the aid of earphones, disturbing co-passengers. Even if the music and movies are not loud enough, the disturbing elements also scream with joy or laughter in reaction, and they are indifferent to how it affects others inside the coaches.

In the absence of clear rules forbidding such behavior inside the coaches, there was nobody the disturbed passengers could turn to for assistance. Even if they had complained, the authorities inside the subway would have said they were not empowered(授权)to help them. However, noise inside a subway cannot be a personal matter. A person has no right to impose his movie or music on others in the shared space. Every passenger has the right to be undisturbed by any movie or music that other passengers are enjoying.

Thanks to the new rules. those taking a subway cmi now complain to staff members about smartphone noises. That the news about new subway rules was read by nearly 300 million times on the micro blog is the biggest evidence of l)ow people are happy and are looking forward to die absence of noise in the public space.

The new rules also forbid people from eating or drinking inside subway coaches, which, too, is a welcome change, as sometimes die food is smelly and lets off an unpleasant smell that can cause discomfort to fellow passengers. The new rules will help create a better environment for everyone inside the subway coaches.

The only drawback with the new rules is that it does not give specific punitive(处罚的) measures .For example, there is no listed punishment such as fines or warnings for those disobeying the rules. Maybe the subway staff members will have to be artful and persuasive while carrying out the new rules.

1. Which can be allowed in subway cars according to the new rules?

A．Playing music in a loud voice.

B．Eating or drinking something tasty.

C．Listening to songs using earphones.

D．Watching movies without using earphones.

2. What is most of the public's attitude to the new subway rules?

A．Indifferent.	B．Annoyed.
C．Supportive.	D．Critical.

3. What can we learn about the new rules?

A．They still need to be further improved.

B．They can help protect the environment.

C．They seem not to meet the passengers' demands.

D．They offer detailed punishment for improper behaviors.

4. What does the author probably agree with?

A．The subway staff ought to be stricter

B．The new rules have many disadvantages. /

C．Complaining to staff members is unwise.

D．Carrying out the new rules is challenging.

7 . Gitanjali Rao, a teenager who invented a mobile device to test for lead(铅)in drinking water, is Time's Kid of the Year for 2020. The magazine announced the award Thursday, indicating Rao's ability to apply scientific ideas to real-world problems and her desire to motivate other kids to take up their own causes.

It's just the latest recognition for Rao, 15, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list(福布斯30岁以下青年才俊榜).She won praise in 2017 after she created a device named Tehys, using carbon nanotube sensors to detect lead in water. She was named America's Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade. She went on to collaborate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market.

More recently , Rao has developed a phone and Web tool named Kindly, which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying(网络欺凌).

Rao was chosen in part because of the way she has followed up her technical work with efforts to get other young people to work on solving the problems they see. "I don't look like the typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it's an older, usually white man as a scientist,” she said. “My goal has really shifted not only from creating my own devices to solve the world's problems, but inspiring others to do the same as well. Because, from personal experience, it's not easy when you don't see anyone else like you. So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it. and anyone can do it.”

1. What made Rao win Time's Kid of die Year?

A．Her invention and inspiration to others.

B．Her ability to ensure kids' drinking water.

C．Her motivation to solve practical problems.

D．Her way of influencing other young people.

2. What did Rao do when she was 12?

A．She developed a tool called Kindly.

B．She created a device called Tehys.

C．She won America's Top Young Scientists.

D．She became one of the Forbes 30 Under 30.

3. Which can probably replace the word “collaborate” in Paragraph 2?

A．Compete.

B．Exchange.

C．Cooperate.

D．Bargain.

4. What can we know about Rao?

A．She wants to be a typical scientist.	B．She once suffered cyberbullying.
C．She lived a hard life when young.	D．She encourages others to do like her.

8 . Planning a vacation is one activity your family is sure to enjoy as there are plenty of options to choose from. To help you decide, here are four of the best cities for family vacation.

Washington, DC

The nation's capital is a treasure place of fun, family activities that just happen to be rich with history. Start off exploring the National Mall and you'll find the Washington, Lincoln t and Jefferson monuments all within walking distance. Then there are the war memorials: Vietnam, Korean, and WWII.

Boston

Can't get enough US history? A trip to Boston just might be for you. Go back in time by taking a tour of the USS Constitution, aka Old Ironsides. From there, walk The Freedom Trail where you'll come across such landmarks as the site of the Boston Massacre, the Old North Church, Paul Revered house, and the Bunker Hill Monument.

Los Angeles

There is always something to do in Los Angeles. For starters, enjoy a beach day on the miles and miles of coastline. Malibu, Redondo, Manhattan, Venice, and Hermosa are just a handful of sunny SoCal beaches. In need of some culture? Get your art and architecture on at the Getty Center, where admission is free though you do have to pay to park.

San Francisco

If Southern California isn't your speed, perhaps Northern California is. And San Francisco is a great place for a family to explore. Start by driving, or walking, across the Golden Gate Bridge On the west side of the oily is over 1 ,000 acres known as Golden Gate Park, home to gardens, trails, playgrounds and much more.

1. Which is suitable for you if you are interested in some late American presidents?

A．Washington, DC.	B．Boston.
C．Los Angeles.	D．San Francisco.

2. Where should you pay for parking?

A．The Bunker Hill Monument.	B．The Golden Gate Park.
C．The Getty Center.	D．The Freedom Trail.

3. What can you do in San Francisco?

A．Drive across the Golden Gate Park.	B．Enjoy some gardens or playgrounds.
C．Learn some culture and architecture.	D．Visit some famous monuments.

9 . An estimated 70 percent of cats and 60 percent of dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese, so chances are that your pet needs to lose weight rather than pack on some pounds, It's not always easy to tell if your pet could afford to lose a few, but there are some other signs that can tip you off, One important factor: the waist. ''Most people don't know what a normal cat should look like,'' says Romine. ''But cats should have waists, too, '' The vet says you should be able to feel your pet's ribs (肋骨) through its coat, and when you look down at them, they should have an hourglass (沙漏) shape- just like a person.

''For some overweight pets, you may want to switch to a new food entirely; foods with 'light' or 'healthy weight' labels usually have an increased fiber content to help the dog or cat feel fuller,'' Romine notes. ''Another option is to feed them less of the food they currently eat, '' Freeman suggests. ''Make sure you're reducing table scraps (残羹剩饭) and high-calorie treats like pet biscuits, '' she says.

It's important to figure out what your pet's ideal weight is as you're helping them to lose.Romine advises working with your vet to get the right number, and if you're following the portion guidelines often printed on food labels, feed them the amount of food associated with the weight you want them to be, rather than the weight they currently are .

Food isn't the only factor that can impact your pet's weight. Romine stresses the importance of exercise in keeping your pet healthy. For cats, just 10 minutes of indoor play each day can make a difference. For dogs, letting them out in the backyard to do their business is not enough, You'll have to exercise with your dog to really get it moving.

1. What can we learn about most cats in America from the text?

A．They need to lose weight.	B．They need to be fed more food.
C．They need to pack on pounds.	D．They need to be more energetic.

2. Which food can help overweight pets?

A．The food with an decreased fiber.	B．The food from table scraps.
C．The food with ''light'' labels.	D．The food with a new label.

3. What is an important factor to keep pets healthy?

A．A partner.	B．Protein.
C．Pet biscuits.	D．Exercise.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.	B．A travel brochure.
C．A pet magazine.	D．A recipe book.

10 . My mom was always a good driver. She never got a speeding ticket. One day while driving, she was so attracted by singing along to the radio that she didn't notice how close she was getting to a mailbox. Then with a bang, she hit someone's mailbox.

After realizing what she had done, she quickly exited the car to see the damage. The whole side mirror was off, and the mailbox was destroyed. My mom didn't know whose mail-box it was, but knew she must tell the owner. She walked up to the door, with her heart beating fast. She debated over and over whether she should ring that doorbell or just go to work and pretend that this had never happened.

Just then, an old lady opened the door, glancing at the tears down from my mom's face and at the destroyed mailbox. she understood exactly what had happened. So when my mom was trying to explain, the lady interrupted her and asked her if she would like to come in. My mom, unable to put any words together, simply nodded her head.

The lady told her not to worry about the mailbox, because it was an accident. My mom had been babysitting all summer long. so she offered to repay the lady. The lady refused, saying my mother would need that money for replacing the car's mirror. The lady also said that < she had been looking for an excuse to get rid of that mailbox, which, my mom knew, was really a kind excuse.The lady then brought out the best chocolate chip cookies and tea that my mom has ever had. My mom was grateful for the old lady's kindness. She helped my mom save money, for my mom had to give lots of her savings in order to fix her car.

When my mom told me this story, I couldn't believe it. My perfect mom hit a mailbox. She always yells at my sister for driving recklessly (鲁莽的)，but my sister has never hit a mailbox. I love this story, because it makes me know that we should be careful when driving.

1. What caused the accident?

A．Awful road conditions.

B．Extremely terrible weather.

C．Bad driving skills of the author's mother.

D．The absent-mindedness of the author's mother,

2. Why did the lady stop what the author 's mother was speaking?

A．She knew what had happened.

B．She couldn't understand the explanation.

C．She was impatient with the author's mother.

D．She was very angry with the author's mother.

3. Why didn't the lady ask the author's mother to pay her money?

A．She was very wealthy.

B．She was also to blame.

C．She used to be the mother's workmate.

D．She felt a little sympathy for the author's mother.

4. What kind of person is the author's mother?

A．Warm -hearted	B．Rude.
C．Responsible.	D．Generous.