1 . Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how to make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few — for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary greatly. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of great importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, the same opinions and interests — they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they depend on one another. People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to stand differences.
In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.
1. According to the passage, .| A．friends are those who must share their interests |
| B．friends are closer than people who just get on with each other |
| C．all the people know how to make friends |
| D．every student has six friends |
| A．there are no special ceremonies to strengthen friendship |
| B．friendship can overcome all differences between two people |
| C．standing differences in opinion can lead to friendship |
| D．friendship can be strengthened by smiles and soft voices |
| A．Even friends may have different opinions. |
| B．Someone’s habits may annoy his friends. |
| C．It generally takes time for people to become close friends. |
| D．Friends never argue with each other. |
| A．have the same background | B．watch the same TV programs |
| C．are the same in all ways | D．share the same way of thinking and the same interests |
2 . When people make travel decisions regarding destinations, recreation usually sits at the top of the most considered factors. But in recent years, with a rising awareness of health, travelers are beginning to upgrade their expectations. They want a place where they can relax and do some sports with local features, which can explain the emergence of a sports tourism market.
We have selected several places around China that have a perfect combination of recreation and health, in case that is what you have in mind for your next holiday.
Beijing Olympic Park
Located at the north end of the Beijing central axis line, Beijing Olympic Park witnessed the glory of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Apart from visiting the renowned Bird’s Nest and Water Cube, You can try some leisure and sports activities.
Wanlong Ski Resort, North China’s Hebei Province
Wanlong Ski Resort in North China’s Hebei Province is nicknamed “heaven for ski lovers”. The 2022 Winter Olympics will be held here, which will boost ski development and tourism activities in Hebei Province. If you happen to be a skiing fan, try the professional trails here!
Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center, East China’s Shandong Province
The Olympic Sailing Center has become a new landmark in Qingdao, a coastal city in East China’s Shandong Province. It was a host venue of the sailing games for the 29th Olympics in 2008 and the 13th Paralymic Games. You could visit the match venue and enjoy a cruise around Qingdao.
Zhangye in Northwest China’s Gansu Province
Hot-air balloons glide across the Danxia landform during the first hot-air balloon festival in Zhangye, Northwest China’s Gansu Province,July 20,2019.The unique Danxia landform in Zhangye features multicolored ridges of weathered strata. Visitors can not only be impressed by the natural wonders here ,but also can try hot-air balloons, helicopters and powered parachutes.
1. What contributes most to a sports tourism market?| A．The desire for pleasure. | B．The interest in health. |
| C．The expectation of relaxation. | D．The awareness of environment protection. |
| A．Beijing Olympic Park. |
| B．Zhangye in Northwest China’s Gansu Province. |
| C．Wanlong Ski Resort, North China’s Hebei Province |
| D．Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center, East China’s Shandong Province. |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Health. | C．Sports. | D．Travel. |
3 . Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his school team, I was feeling sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity (困境) on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment — it was the opponent’s home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing (落后) for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had just been dismissed (解雇) from my job earlier in that day.
During the drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time — I was always confident in my experience and abilities, but self-doubt was still sticking its foot in the door.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan’s team still trailing. I saw the determination on his face as well as his teammates’ as they fought back to not only tie the game, but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to make the game tied again. With the tied scores and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, he made the basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul (犯规).
As Nathan stood preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face, with no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill, as if he had done it a thousand times.
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance (毅力) in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn’t matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
1. What did the author estimate his son’s team would be like at first?| A．The team would finally win. |
| B．The team would lose at away court. |
| C．The team would lose at home court. |
| D．The team would tie with the opponents. |
| A．Avoid. | B．Focus. | C．Create. | D．Receive. |
| A．My son would win in the finals and I would find a job soon. |
| B．I had once taught my son face to face that we should never give up. |
| C．It was my encouragement and help that made my son win the game. |
| D．I would become more confident about my future after this experience. |
| A．Life Goes Just Like Playing Basketball |
| B．It Matters Whether to Win or Lose |
| C．A Lesson in Life and Basketball |
| D．A Moment of Self-doubt |
4 . Eyes are like a window into our thought processes. Recent studies have found that the eyes not only reflect what is happening in the brain but may also influence how we remember things.
Researchers tracked volunteers' eye movements while they said a list of 40 numbers. They found that the direction and size of the participants’ eye movements accurately predicted whether the number they were about to say was bigger or smaller than the previous one and by how much. Each volunteers’ gaze shifted up and to the right just before they said a bigger number, and down and to the left before a smaller one. The bigger the shift from one side to the other, the bigger the difference between the numbers.
This suggests that we somehow link abstract number representations in the brain with movement in space. But the study does not tell us which come first : whether thinking of a particular number causes changes in eye position, or whether the eye position influences our mental-activity. Researchers in Sweden published evidence that it's the latter that may be at work : eye movements may actually facilitate memory retrieval.
They asked each one of the 24 volunteers to carefully examine a series of objects displayed to them in one corner of a computer screen. The participants were then told to listen to a series of statements about some of the objects they had seen, such as "The car was facing to the left" and asked to indicate as quickly as possible if each was true or false. Some participants were allowed to let their eyes move about freely; others were asked to fix their gaze on a cross at the centre of the screen, or the corner where the object had appeared, for example.
The researchers found that those who were allowed to move their eyes freely during recall performed significantly better than those who fixed on the cross. Interestingly, though, participants who were told to fix their gaze in the corner of the screen in which objects had appeared earlier performed better than those told to fix their gaze in another corner. This suggests that the more closely the participants eye movements during information encoding corresponded withthosethat occurred during retrieval of the information, the better they were at remembering the objects.
1. If the previous number was 50, which is the most probable number when a participant looked up and right?| A．90 | B．50 | C．40 | D．30 |
| A．The way that eye movements take place. |
| B．The way that memory retrieval takes place. |
| C．The relationship between eye movements and numbers. |
| D．The relationship, between eye movements and mental activity. |
| A．The objects. | B．The corners. |
| C．The participants. | D．The eye movements. |
| A．To find ways to improve a person's memory. |
| B．To test the influence of eye movements on memory. |
| C．To test the effects of different eye movements. |
| D．To see how eye movements help to identify objects. |
5 . Every two weeks, the time period after which many people collect a paycheck, a language dies.
So concerning is the potential for language loss that the National Science Foundation this year launched the Documenting Endangered Languages program to advance knowledge related to endangered human languages. The launch of the program is even more urgent given the fact that about half of all current languages being used in the world have been classified at varying degrees of endangerment.
At the University of Arizona, which is an important site for language preservation, a number of researchers are involved in activities meant to document endangered and lost languages. Others are working to help preserve languages classified as "moribund", meaning that no children are learning their native languages as their first languages in their own homes.
A number of UA programs—some of them decades old—are dedicated to language preservation. Most recently, Christian Ruvalcaba, a graduate student, launched "The Language Capital Project "and is creating maps for corresponding website to help non-national language speakers to find and connect with one another.
"Languages allow people to create an identity for themselves and as community members", said Elizabeth Kickham, a visiting professor in the UA Department of Linguistics. "Language is so closely tied to culture: it not only reflects cultural practices, it is also influenced by them. Language and culture influence each other, so it’s difficult to separate them. You can, but you lose something when you do."
"One of the advantages of studying at the University of Arizona is the wealth of linguistic diversity to be found among the student population,” said Kickham, who involved her students in language preservation training this semester.
"Exposure to diverse populations, including languages, enables a richer understanding of the human experience," Kickham said. " Languages are beautiful. When people hear someone speaking a language they needn’t feel that the person doesn’t know how to speak English but rather that person has a wealth of resources."
1. Why did the National Science Foundation launch the program?| A．To bring back lost languages. |
| B．To develop endangered languages. |
| C．To increase understanding of endangered languages. |
| D．To investigate the number of endangered languages. |
| A．Where there is a website for lost languages |
| B．Where non-national language speakers live. |
| C．Where they can learn the national language. |
| D．Where they can communicate in their native language. |
| A．The influence of cultural practices. | B．The importance of diverse languages. |
| C．A need for language preservation training | D．A better understanding of different cultures. |
| A．Language Loss Calls for Preservation | B．Language Reflects Human Self-identity |
| C．Preserving Non-national Language | D．Identifying the Causes of Language Loss |
6 . Jake Meyers, a graduate student in Northwestern University, has won the Best Sharable Video award in Planet Forward's national Storyfest 2020 competition. The project teaches, celebrates and rewards environmental storytelling by students from across the county.
As a master’s student, Meyers works at the intersection of climate adaptation and food security. During the summer of 2019, Meyers worked with the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, Kenya, to investigate climate adaptation solutions to food insecurity in the rapidly urbanizing nation.
Meyers´ video, "Can urban farming feed the future?", shares the story of Francis Wachira, a leading advocate for urban facing in Nairobi.
Millions of people are moving from rural to urban areas as large-scale farming, coupled with climate change, forces small-scale farmers to abandon their livelihoods and pursue economic opportunity in urban areas, "Meyers said.
As food security concerns grow for the people of Nairobi, farmers like Francis are transforming urban lots into highly productive green spaces to raise livestock ( 牲 畜 ), grow vegetables and fight climate change.
" Francis has an incredible urban farming system in Nairobi that features over 600 head of livestock and 150 species of plants, "Meyers said. " I wanted to highlight Francis and his innovative approach to urban farming through storytelling with the goal of inspiring change."
"I have become so inspired by many incredible people like Francis Wachira. So many around the world are re-imagining solutions to poverty and climate change, yet their stories remain untold. I hope to continue using storytelling as a means of highlighting different perspectives that can create impact and advocate for transformational change, "Meyers said.
1. Where did Meyers make his video?| A．In different countries. | B．In an urban area in Kenya. |
| C．In rural areas in Kenya. | D．In Northwestern University. |
| A．work harder | B．give up farming |
| C．leave their farmland | D．expand their farm |
| A．It introduces the benefits of rural farming. |
| B．It introduces the benefits of urban farming. |
| C．It's mainly about the difficulties with urban farming. |
| D．It's mainly about the potential risks in rural farming. |
| A．A person who introduces changes and new ideas. |
| B．A person who shows great interest in farming. |
| C．A person who is intelligent and hard-working. |
| D．A person who realizes the danger of climate change. |
7 . Yesterday afternoon I was in my studio working. I was chatting on the phone when something made me look up. Out of the window, on the other side of the street, I saw my very elderly neighbor kneeling in the grass, his caregiver beside him. "I've got to so." I said to my friend. "I think something is wrong." So I ran downstairs, out my front door and across the street.
"He was taking a walk, and he tripped on the pavement," the caregiver said. "I can't lift him on my own." My neighbor is a large man, so I ran back across the street and got my husband! Together we were able to get him standing, but he couldn't walk. Luckily, a woman bicycled by and asked if we needed help! She got a lawn chair from my front porch and we got my neighbor seated. After a few minutes of rest, we were able to help him get into the house. "I don't know what I would have done if you hadn't rushed over to help. I was all alone," his caregiver said.
So here's what I've been thinking about since: help your neighbor. Look up from what you are doing, and look around for who you can help. It may not be as clear as it was in this case, but there's always help you can give—to your neighbor across the street, or the person standing beside you. They are all your neighbors.
1. What was the author doing when seeing something unusual?| A．She was running downstairs. | B．She was having a call. |
| C．She was enjoying a TV program. | D．She was chatting with her family. |
| A．He broke his leg | B．He suddenly fell ill |
| C．He was too heavy to walk. | D．He fell down on the ground |
| A．2 | B．3 | C．4. | D．5 |
| A．To express her pride in helping her neighbor. | B．To call on people to be ready to help others. |
| C．To work with others to do good things. | D．To share one of her unforgettable experiences. |
8 . When we were very small, we realized that having friends was important.Some of us even had imaginary (想象中的) friends.The need for friends continued as we grew into our teens.Friends played a big part in forming our personalities.As adults, it is still important for us to have friends.
True friends are people who like us though we made mistakes and who listen to us and tell us the truth.Friends support our decisions and tell us when we're foolish.They laugh with us and share our sadness.They are our partners and share interests with us.They stimulate us when we are feeling down.They are people we aren't afraid of telling our secret wishes to or what is really on our minds.
Friends are our supporters.When you can depend on friends, you feel safe and warm.Friends offer acceptance and emotional (情感的) support.At times, they also help with our everyday lives, cooking a meal, doing chores, or giving us a lift when we need one.Friends also are there to offer advice，an ear to listen, or a shoulder to cry on.
Friends also help us reduce stress.Not only do they listen to us when we feel stressed, but they also discuss what is stressing us.Sharing interests and doing activities with friends help us forget about problems at work or at home.For a short time, we can lose ourselves in a pleasant activity and perhaps laugh and breathe more easily.
1. What is the best title for the passage?| A．How to Reduce Stress |
| B．How to Make New Friends |
| C．The Importance of Friends |
| D．The Qualities of Good Friends |
| A．educate | B．encourage |
| C．surprise | D．dislike |
| A．people should make friends anytime |
| B．friends are people who allow you to cry |
| C．a friend helps you in many ways |
| D．good friends are always difficult to meet |
9 . Three very strong women-my mother, my grandmother, and Melinda-deserve big credit(赞扬) for helping me become the man I am today. But Blanche Caffiere, a very kind librarian and teacher I've never written about publicly before, also had a huge influence on me.
When I first met Mrs. Caffiere, she was the elegant and engaging school librarian at Seattle's View Ridge Elementary, and I was a shy fourth grader. I was desperately trying to go unnoticed, because I had some big deficits, like terrible handwriting and a killingly messy desk. And I was trying to hide the fact that I liked to read something that was cool for girls but not for boys.
Mrs. Caffiere took me under her wing and helped make it okay for me to be a messy, nerdy boy who was reading lots of books
She pulled me out of my shell by sharing her love of books. She started by asking questions like, "What do you like to read?" and "What are you interested in?" Then she found me a lot of books-ones that were more complex and challenging than the Tom Swift Jr. science fiction books I was reading at the time. For example, she gave me great biographies she had read. Once I'd read them, she would make the time to discuss them with me. She sincerely listened to what had to say. Through those conversations about books in the library and in the classroom we became good friends.
Looking back on it now, there's no question that my time with Mrs. Caffiere helped spark my interest in libraries (Melinda's and my first large-scale effort in philanthropy(慈善)) and my focus on helping every child in America get the benefit of great teachers. It's remarkable how much power one good person can have in shaping the life of a child.
1. We can learn from the passage that the author was_______ before he met Mrs. Caffiere.| A．an average student. | B．not able to read and write. |
| C．hated by other boys | D．not self-confident |
| A．Accidents. | B．Strengths. |
| C．Problems. | D．Concerns. |
| A．sharing reading reflections with him. |
| B．telling him he was mot messy boy. |
| C．hiding him in the library. |
| D．listening to his complaint. |
| A．The author's interest in libraries. |
| B．Mrs. Caffiere's influence on the author's life. |
| C．The author's achievements later in his life. |
| D．The importance of a good person in society. |
10 . Instead of using a credit card or smartphone to pay for your goods, Amazon wants you to use your hands. In a blog post. Dilip Kumar, vice president of Amazon Physical Retail introduced the company's' palm recognition(掌纹识别) technology, known as Amazon One. The technology, first rolling out in Amazon's home market of Seattle: will use people's palms to identify(确认身份) them and combine that with details of the palm, such as lines and ridges, to build “palm signature.”
In addition to the trial in the company's stores in Seattle, starting today, Kumar added that Amazon One will come to other Amazon stores and will be used for more than just paying with your palm. "We believe Amazon one has broad applicability beyond our retail stores, so we also plan to offer the service to third parties like retailers(零售店), stadiums, and office buildings so that more people can benefit from this ease and convenience in more places, "Kumar added.
Though Amazon has introduced other ways to pay for goods at its physical stores. including the use of Cameras and an app linked to your Amazon account. Kumar explained palm recognition offers another level of privacy.
"We selected palm recognition for a few important reasons, Kumar wrote. "One reason was that palm recognition is considered more private than other biometric (生物统计的) identifiers because you can't determine a person's identity by looking at a picture of their palm. It also requires users to make an intentional gesture by holding their palm over the device to use. This puts customers in control of when and where they use the service. What's more, it's contactless, which we think customers will appreciate, especially in current times.
To use Amazon One, people don't need an Amazon account, but simply phone number and a credit card. For those concerned about privacy, Kumar wrote, users can delete their biometric data if they decide they no longer want to use it.
1. Which of the following best describes Amazon One?| A．Convenient and safe. | B．Private and inexpensive. |
| C．Widespread and user-friendly | D．Healthy and popular. |
| A．Amazon One is designed for Amazon online stores. |
| B．Amazons' palm recognition technology is the best in the world. |
| C．Amazon One has not yet been used in places beyond Amazon stores. |
| D．Amazon provides various services for society. |
| A．Palm recognition makes fewer mistakes. |
| B．Customers don't need to make intentional gestures. |
| C．Customers can use their palm to open an Amazon account. |
| D．Customers can control when and where to use it. |
| A．Online shopping. | B．Business news. |
| C．Education. | D．Advertisement. |
