1 . ......
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”
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What is the main idea of paragraph 4?| A．It is unwise to believe in science. |
| B．Too much uncertainty lies in science. |
| C．The foundation of science is unfounded. |
| D．The lack of certainty makes science credible. |
2 . ......
Assuming alcohol does enhance the likelihood of a person interacting with someone they find attractive. Bowdring believes her findings could reveal one process supporting the rewarding yet potentially dangerous nature of alcohol - including its impact on risky behaviour.
“If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way that’s safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said. “People may benefit by recognizing that valued social motivations and intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the short term but possibly harmful in the long term.”
What does Bowdring mainly talk about in the last paragraph?| A．The significance of her research. |
| B．Reflection on her previous research. |
| C．The negative effects of drinking. |
| D．Social morality and standards. |
3 . ......
In my twenties, when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety, I never went on holiday. I was scared of flying, scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office. I thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker,when actually it just made me a more tired one. Then, a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasn’t going to thank me for not taking my holidays. I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it.
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What is paragraph 4 mainly about?| A．The benefit the author obtained from travelling. |
| B．The source of the author’s stress during office hours. |
| C．The change of the author’s attitude to taking holidays. |
| D．The reason why the author tried to be a harder worker. |
4 . The term “beer goggles” is said to have been coined by male North American university students in the 1980s. Yet despite unconfirmed evidence for the phenomenon, the link between alcohol intoxication (醉酒) and physical attraction has not been systematically studied.
Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos. On one occasion, both men were given enough cranberry juice to raise their blood alcohol concentration to about 0.08% - the legal limit for driving in England — and on the other occasion, they both received a non-alcoholic drink. After providing attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like to interact with in a future experiment.
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What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?| A．The comparison of two experiments. |
| B．The process of Bowdring’s experiment. |
| C．The underlying logic of beer goggles effect. |
| D．The methods of appreciating attractiveness. |
5 . The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from which they — and others — draw sustenance (生计).
But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared.
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What is paragraph 2 mainly about?| A．The process of legalization. | B．The tradition of Yurok tribe. |
| C．The reason behind the legalization. | D．The importance of the Klamath River. |
6 . In the past, most libraries didn’t focus much on programs for kids whose age made it impossible for them to be quiet on demand. But growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how libraries connect with young readers. Now libraries begin offering interactive programs for kids, including crafts, board games, and story times. These types of programs certainly aren’t designed to be silent.
What is paragraph 3 mainly about?| A．The past and the present of libraries. | B．The reason for the change of libraries. |
| C．The activities for young children in libraries. | D．The connection between libraries and readers. |
7 . On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?| A．The methods of estimation. | B．The underlying logic of the effect. |
| C．The causes of people’s errors. | D．The design of Galton’s experiment. |
In early summer, the mountains and fields of Guizhou provinces Miao villages are dressed in fresh robes of green. Everywhere, vigour and vitality shine.
Red roofs, gray walls, green trees and grass, along with placid water in the fields, paint a bright and colorful picture of Bayi village in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture.
The layers of terraced fields are a masterpiece of farming culture handed down by the ancestors of local Miao residents. Villagers plow fields and transplant rice seedlings.
What is the best title for the passage?
| A．Miao villages clothed in vibrant green |
| B．Miao villages engaged in plowing fields |
| C．Miao villages filled with vigour |
| D．Miao villages bathed in vitality |
| A．My cat watched over me in the same way that I took care of her. |
| B．A feline (猫科动物) is a marvel of grace and ferocity (残忍) in the same lovely package. |
10 . Two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
In the upper part of the tunnel, two air conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproof covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．The construction of two lanes. | B．The function of a road. |
| C．The solution to cars’ pollution. | D．The design of two tunnels. |
