1 . Australia and New Zealand’s health organizations have given their advice on when to use sunscreen (防晒霜), suggesting Australians apply it every day to avoid bad health effects.
A Sunscreen Summit took place in the Australian State of Queensland. During the summit, representatives from some of Australia’s leading research, medical and public health organizations examined the evidence on sunscreen use the determined that in most parts of the country it is beneficial to apply sunscreen every day.
“Up until now, public health organizations have recommended applying sunscreen ahead of planned outdoor activities but haven’t recommended applying it every day as part of a morning routine (惯例),” professor Rachel Neale from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute said. “In recent years, it has become clear that the DNA damage causes skin cancer and melanoma (黑色素瘤), which is caused by repeated small exposure to sunlight over a period of time,” Neale said. “In Australia, we get a lot of sun exposure from everyday activities such as walking to the bus stop or train station,” Neale said.
A study showed that one in two Australians believed it was unhealthy and potentially dangerous to use sunscreen every day. However, Terry Slevin from the Public Health Association of Australia says it is wrong. “There is consistent and compelling evidence that sunscreens are safe,” Slevin said. “Importantly, medical trials have found that people who use sunscreen daily have the same levels of vitamin D as those who don’t,” Slevin added.
Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, which is made worse by the country’s close to Antarctica where there is a hole in the ozone layer (臭氧层), letting in higher numbers of UV rays.
1. What made Australian health organizations advise Australians to use sunscreen?| A．The makers of sunscreen. |
| B．Australian government. |
| C．The Sunscreen Summit. |
| D．New Zealand’s researchers. |
| A．Using sunscreen as a morning routine. |
| B．Using sunscreen before outdoor activities. |
| C．Reducing the use of sunscreen. |
| D．Reducing outdoor activities. |
| A．Sunscreen will never take effect. |
| B．Sunscreen is bad for people’s health. |
| C．People using sunscreen have the same levels of vitamin. |
| D．D. People using sunscreen won’t have skin cancer. |
| A．Interesting. | B．Disappointing. |
| C．Boring. | D．Convincing. |
2 . Several years ago, a television reporter was talking to three of the most important people in America. One was a very rich banker, another owned one of the largest companies in the world and the third owned many buildings in the centre of New York. The reporter was talking to them about being important.
“How do we know if someone is really important?” The reporter asked the banker.
The banker thought for a few moments and then said, “I think anybody who is invited to the White House to meet the President of the United States is really important.”
The reporter then turned to the owner of the very large company. “Do you agree with that?” She asked.
The man shook his head, “No. I think the President invites a lot of people to the White House. You’d only be important if while you were visiting the President, there was a telephone call from the President of another country, and the President of the US said he was too busy to answer it.”
The reporter then turned to the third man, “Do you think so?”
“No, I don’t,” he said. “I don’t think that makes the visitor important. That makes the President important. “
“Then what would make the visitor important?” The reporter and the other two men asked.
“Oh, I think if the visitor to the White House was talking to the President and the phone rang, and the President picked up the receiver, listened and then said, “It is for you.”
1. The story happened in______.| A．England | B．America |
| C．Japan | D．Australia |
| A．Two men and two women. |
| B．Three men and one woman. |
| C．Three women and one man. |
| D．Four women. |
| A．he was important because he owned many buildings in the centre of New York. |
| B．the banker was really important. |
| C．the visitor was really important if he was talking to the President and the President received a telephone call for the visitor. |
| D．the person who worked in the White House was really important. |
3 . Anger is an emotion that can be hard to control. Despite this, we should learn how to manage anger in a constructive manner. In the most intense moments of anger, we usually have two choices — to fight or to run. Some choose the option of violence, which is a negative reaction to anger; and others choose to run. But the option of walking away and calming down is the more productive method of handling anger. It is difficult to walk away, especially when your heart is racing, and your anger is boiling over.
There are some other constructive ways of handling anger in any situation. First, you have to stop for a brief moment and think before you act. Take that moment and calm down if you feel yourself being pushed.
At that moment you should admit you are angry. If you refuse to admit you are angry or hurt, or if you make it appear that everything is all right, you are not managing angry in a productive way. You should first admit you are angry and let your feelings out before you blow up. For example, you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout; or you can talk to close friends to pour out your rage (愤怒). If you do not acknowledge your anger, it only builds up inside you and will eventually explode like a volcano.
Then, in order to manage your angry, you can ask yourself an important question that we all must ask ourselves ― What made me angry? When you get the answer, and then ask yourself ― Why did that made me angry? Through such logical reasoning, one tends to calm down and move towards a sensible solution.
1. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is to ________.| A．provide an example | B．make a comparison |
| C．introduce a new statement | D．develop a previous statement |
| A．they know how to manage it |
| B．it is often quite hard to get away |
| C．they can only choose to fight or to run |
| D．they believe running means being a coward |
| A．one can handle anger by oneself or in groups |
| B．the first step of handling anger is to calm down |
| C．a person may handle anger by asking random questions |
| D．acknowledging anger will do harm to a person’s health |
| A．to tell readers what anger is |
| B．to explain why anger is hard to control |
| C．to show the importance of handling anger |
| D．to offer tips on handling anger |
4 . There’s a well-known story in the world of literary translators about the translator who was thrilled to see his work appear at great length in an article in a popular magazine. He had translated many novels by a little-known Scandinavian novelist, who he believed had been ignored and not received the attention or praise the novelist deserved. He had devoted much time to trying to get this novelist some recognition. The article agreed with his assessment of the novelist’s works mentioning long passages from his translations.
But something was missing. The translator searched in vain for a mention of his name. It didn’t appear anywhere. The translator’s joy at the coverage（报道）of the author he liked was considerably ruined by this. He felt that he himself should have had some recognition in the article. It was as if the translator did not exist, and all the efforts he had made had never happened.
Most people would agree that it was wrong of the magazine not to mention the translator. However, it is also true that most readers themselves operate in exactly the same way, and for them it is also as if the translator didn’t exist. When people read a translation of a novel, they want to feel they are reading what the novelist, and not someone else, wrote. They don’t want to be reminded that they are not reading, and would not be able to read, the original novel created by the novelist, not wishing to know who the translator was or pay any attention to what they have done.
In this global age, more and more works of fiction are being translated into more and more languages. Readers are now able to experience and understand other cultures more than ever through the reading of translated novels. So the works of more and more novelists can reach people in other parts of the world. This applies not only to new novels but also to fresh translations of old classics.
1. What can we know about the translator in Paragraph 1?| A．His opinion was shared by the magazine. |
| B．The novelist’s works were his favourite. |
| C．He often sent articles to the magazine. |
| D．The novelist got famous with his help. |
| A．Regretful. | B．Proud. |
| C．Upset. | D．Skeptical. |
| A．The contributions of novel translators. |
| B．The general attitude towards translators. |
| C．The readers’ different tastes in literature. |
| D．The importance of reading original works. |
| A．The shortage of able novel translators. |
| B．The number of readers of original works. |
| C．The value of novels in different countries. |
| D．The variety of fiction available to readers. |
5 . Clearing the air in class saw significant boosts to reading and math achievement of students, according to a New York University study, even though the outdoor pollution didn’t prove to be a problem. The findings suggest improving air quality may also help disadvantaged students who often live in more polluted areas and attend class in older buildings.
Michael Gilraine, study author at New York University, analyzed both the air quality and the math and reading test scores at the 18 schools. In schools that received the new air filters, students improved by 0.18 of a standard deviation(标准偏差) in reading and 0.2 of a standard deviation in math, compared to students’ performance in the schools that did not receive air filters. To put that in perspective, those gains are about equal to the learning benefits from reducing class sizes or providing intensive tutoring. Students sustained those math and reading gains the next year, particularly if they attended the same school or another that had installed new filters in the following year. “In fact, given the large test-score increases they generate, installing air filters actually outperforms other education reforms such as class-size reduction on a cost-benefit basis,” Gilraine said.
Prior studies have found that better air quality can lead to fewer teacher and student absences, particularly for those with chronic asthma (慢性哮喘) or other respiratory illnesses. While schools with the new air filters installed did have lower student absenteeism, attendance alone didn’t seem to be driving the gains in math and reading achievement. Rather, he said, “you can get a lot just from being able to think clearly while you take a test. And then you also might be learning a bit better because you’re thinking clearer in class from day to day”.
Separate studies have found rising average temperatures likewise can increase indoor air pollution and reduce student achievement, particularly if students take tests on hot days.
“We’ve had a decade or more of research into the effects of lead. There’s been much less research on the effects of air quality We’re still in early days.” added Gilraine.
1. What did the study find?| A．Outdoor pollution does harm to students’ health. |
| B．Clean air promotes the students’ study achievement. |
| C．Air quality puts New York University at a disadvantage. |
| D．Polluted areas and old buildings have air problems. |
| A．By making analysis and comparison. |
| B．By giving examples and listing basic data. |
| C．By telling stories and doing experiments. |
| D．By demonstrating the causes and effects. |
| A．Fewer teacher and student absences. |
| B．Rising temperatures in class. |
| C．Clearer thinking in better air quality. |
| D．Taking a math and reading test everyday. |
| A．It will focus on the research of lead. | B．It gets off with a good start. |
| C．It gets lots of support from schools. | D．It still has a long way to go. |
6 . Many kids start humming tunes like “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star” as their first songs, but Nygel Witherspoon was an exception. He preferred Finnish composer Jean Sibelius’s Violin Concerto in D Minor.
So when Nygel Witherspoon began to hum the very difficult concerto(协奏曲), his family guessed that he should have music lessons. He was, however, just 3 years old.
“He was calm, with an ability to focus.” recalled David Holmes, Witherspoon’s cello(大提琴) teacher from age 3 to l6.
Witherspoon is a familiar name in his hometown. He has inherited his talent from both sides of his family, including his aunt, the late jazz vocalist Shirley Witherspoon.
The 17-year-old doesn’t see himself as competitive. “I think it’s more important for students to have a supportive environment than a competitive one;” he said. “It’s great to have a support system, where you can be yourself and improve right along with others doing the same thing.”
Witherspoon’s love of music blossomed as he attended viola(中提琴) lessons with older siblings. Their teacher, David France, noticed that the little boy was a sponge(海绵).
“He’d absorb everything they did.” France said. Witherspoon was given a box violin, but he wanted to play “the big one”— the cello. He loved its size and tone. That’s when he was matched with his teacher Holmes.
Witherspoon’s drive is inspired by the connection music provides. He recalled that he and his siblings performed as a chambertrio(室内乐三重奏) at their grandmother’s nursing home. The positive reaction from residents gave him motivation.
“It’s so important, whether it’s hip-hop or classical,” he said. “Music is the universal language. It connects all of us.”
1. How was Witherspoon different from other kids when he was 3?| A．He began to teach himself music. |
| B．He was able to hum very difficult tunes |
| C．He had already made up his mind to learn violin |
| D．He could already play the songs he’d heard. |
| A．Practicing hard. |
| B．Being very competitive. |
| C．Being in a supportive environment. |
| D．Having a good teacher from an early age. |
| A．He is a fast learner. | B．He is a creative player. |
| C．He works very hard. | D．He is open-minded. |
| A．To compare Witherspoon’s performance with his siblings. |
| B．To show that motivation plays a big role in music studies. |
| C．To stress that music connects people. |
| D．To show how studying music helped Witherspoon overcome difficulties. |
7 . World Heritage Sites (遗址) You Need to Visit
Los Glaciares National Park
Located in the southwest of Santa Cruz province of the Argentine part of Patagonia in a remote area known as the Austral Andes, Los Glaciares National Park is a heaven of mountains lakes. and countless glaciers ( 冰川) that cover half the 600, 000-hectare expanse. Travelling through this amazing scenery is a once- in-a-lifetime experience.
Jeronimos Monastery
Travel to the Belem district at the entrance to the port of Lisbon to find the Jeronimos Monastery, which dates back to the 15th century. This highly religious building was constructed and donated to the monks (和尚) of Saint Hieronymus to pray for sailors on their voyages. It’s the characteristic of Portuguese Gothic style.
Old Québec
Founded by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1608, Québec is among the oldest settlements in North America and one of the most popular travel destinations in Canada. Centuries-old attraction is on full display in its perfectly preserved historic district, a shining example of a city built by early settlers with stone paths, churches. And landmarks like Chateau Frontenac and Place Royale.
Angkor Wat
Exploring Angkor Wat in Siem Reap, Cambodia lops our list of unforgettable trips that won’t break the bank. It is part of one of the most significant archaeological (考古的) sites in Southeast Asia in the ancient capital of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 14th century. This great temple complex was originally constructed as a place of showing respect to the god Vishnu and is the largest religious structure on the planet !
1. If you’re interested in natural scenery, which of the four places would you visit?| A．Los Glaciares National Park. | B．Jeronimos Monastery. |
| C．Old Québec. | D．Angkor Wat. |
| A．Old Québce and Angkor Wat. |
| B．Jeronimos Monastery and Old Québec. |
| C．Jeronimos Monastery and Angkor Wat. |
| D．Los Glaciarcs National Park and Jeronimos Monastery. |
| A．Mountain views. | B．Great voyages. |
| C．Gothic style landmarks. | D．Low expenses. |
8 . Off the Marianas Islands, in a remote stretch of the Pacific Ocean, lies a deep trench. A trench so deep that it could accommodate the tallest mountain range—the Himalayas, and still have a mile of water above!
The Mariana Trench stretches for 2, 550km along the Pacific Ocean floor and is 70km wide. The deepest part of the trench, Challenger Deep, lies 7 miles below the ocean surface. Mariana Trench is part of a network of trenches that cross the ocean floor.
How do these trenches form? Our Earth is made up of tectonic plates which connect with each other like giant jigsaw puzzles. The plates are constantly moving because of the molten lava inside our Earth. When one tectonic plate dives under another plate, trenches are formed.
The sheer depth of Mariana Trench makes it hard to explore. Sunlight does not reach that far down, covering it in permanent darkness. The water pressure at the deepest point is nearly 1,000 times more than at the surface. Despite these inhospitable conditions, some of the strangest creatures are found in the trench—creatures that produce their own light.
A team of researchers decided to study the zone, an area of water that is 3.7 miles to 6.8 miles below the surface.
The research team sent traps underwater to catch the tiny prawn-like amphipods (片脚动物) and tested them. They found extremely high levels of chemicals, known to cause health issues like cancer. These family of chemicals known as POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) were used extensively in pesticides until they were banned in the 1970s, and some are still in use today.
The POPs do not break down. They are ingested by the larger marine animals and when they die and sink to the bottom of the oceans, the smaller creatures feast on them. The chemicals then enter the bodies of these amphipods and other smaller marine creatures, and disrupt their hormone balances. And thus, the cycle continues.
While we may think that our oceans are pristine, this latest finding tells us that in a trench far……far away from any industrial city, we humans are leaving our footprint.
1. According to the text, the Mariana Trench ________.| A．covers the Pacific Ocean floor |
| B．remains dark all the time |
| C．is like a giant jigsaw puzzle |
| D．lies 7km below the ocean surface |
| A．the molten lava inside the earth |
| B．the cause of moving plates |
| C．the formation of the trench |
| D．the make-up of tectonic plates |
| A．By taking some soil from the ocean bottom. |
| B．By measuring the water pressure. |
| C．By getting some water from the trench. |
| D．By analyzing the creatures living in the trench. |
| A．The Mariana Trench is seriously polluted. |
| B．The Mariana Trench is totally dark. |
| C．The Mariana Trench is deadly poisonous. |
| D．The Mariana Trench is greatly wonderful. |
9 . Due to the government shutdown, many of the national museums are closed. It may affect your social plans. But don’t worry! For every closed museum, we’ve offered up a suitable substitute that is privately run. Here’s where you can go instead.
● Anacostia Community Museum and the National Museum of African American History and Culture
● Alternatives: Banneker-Douglass Museum or Alexandria Black History Museum
The National Museum of African American History and Culture is one of the hottest draws on the National Mall, with free tickets taken weeks in advance. The Banneker-Douglass Museum in Annapolis takes a focused look at African American history, and exhibitions in the Alexandria Black History Museum honor local activists and explore the influence of slavery in the area. Unlike the African American Museum, neither requires you to plan ahead.
● Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
● Alternative: Glenstone
Wandering through the galleries at Glenstone, you’ll come across some of the biggest names in 20th century art — Jackson Pollock, Jean-Michel Basquiat and Robert Rauschenberg. Glenstone sits on a 230-acre estate (土地) that doubles as an outdoor sculpture garden. Free tickets for Glenstone are often reserved weeks in advance, but 72 free tickets are available every day for anyone who takes a Montgomery County Ride-On Bus from Rockville Metro Station to the museum.
● National Museum of African Art
● Alternative: The African Art Museum of Maryland
Masks, musical instruments and jewelry can be found in Fulton, where the African Art Museum of Maryland houses a collection of traditional and contemporary African artworks and objects. And the best part, for visitors on a budget? Admission is free.
1. Where can visitors go to explore the history of African Americans during the shutdown?| A．National Museum of African Art. |
| B．Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. |
| C．Banneker-Douglass Museum. |
| D．The African American Museum. |
| A．Make sculptures in the outdoor garden. |
| B．Take a Montgomery County Ride-On Bus. |
| C．Appreciate works of famous artists. |
| D．Enjoy a collection of contemporary African artworks. |
| A．It is free of charge. |
| B．It is located in the National Mall. |
| C．There is no need to book in advance. |
| D．It has the most valuable collection. |
10 . National Zoo in Australia
OPEN TIME
9: 30 am-5: 00 pm every day of the year, except Christmas Day.
TICKET PRICES
Children: 3-15 years $26
Students: 16 years or above with student card $40
Seniors Card/ Aged Pension(退休金) Card Holders:$40
Adults: $47
Family: 2 adults and up to 3 children: $130
CARERS FOR SPECIAL VISITORS
Carers for visitors with disabilities are admitted free of charge. Carers ID is required upon entry.
COMPANION CARD holders receive free entry, as well as their carers.
Please note, we aren’t a government funded zoo and don’t receive a subsidy (补贴) to accept many of the government concession (减价票).
GROUP RATES
If you are visiting the zoo in a group of 10 or more, you may qualify for our Special Group rates on General Entry prices.
DAILY ACTIVITIES & KEEPER TALKS
Make the most of your zoo visit and check out our daily keeper activities. There are great opportunities to see animals in action. Watch them enjoy a treat and interact with their keepers as they receive a feed.
On weekends and during school holidays, additional Keeper Talks are added to the schedule and visitors have the chance to meet or even feed some of our wonderful animals!
WALK ON THE WILDSIDE
Become a zoo keeper for a day with the ultimate all day wildlife experience.
ZOOVENTURE TOUR
Hand feed a tiger, and pat a rhino, which may be your most unforgettable experience.
GETTING HERE
BY CAR
We are located on Lady Denman Drive, next to Scrivener Dam. Find us on Google Maps.
BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Unfortunately, there are no bus services running to the zoo at present.
1. How much will a 17-year-old student pay with a student card?| A．$ 40. | B．$ 47. |
| C．$ 26. | D．$ 130. |
| A．Being a zoo keeper. | B．Feeding the tiger. |
| C．Talking with the keepers. | D．Watching animals in action. |
| A．People can take a free bus to the zoo. |
| B．Keeper Talks are available everyday. |
| C．People caring for disabled people can visit for free. |
| D．Senior people have a free visit. |
