1 . The word "orange" describes both a color and a fruit. Which one came first might be surprising. "Orange" when used as the name of the fruit came before "orange" as a word to describe color. While the shade itself existed before the fruit, there was not a name in the English language for the color. Before the introduction of the fruit to English-speaking countries, the color was usually described as a shade of red or yellow.
In the early 16th century, Portuguese traders brought oranges from India to Europe. The Europeans had not seen the bright colored fruit before and didn't have a name for it. The fruits were named "narancia" by Italians and "narange" by the French and were sometimes referred to as "golden apples" by English speakers.
"Orange" was first used in a phrase to describe shades of colors, including in a third-century Greek text translated into English, in 1576. It describes Alexander the Great's servants as dressed in "orange colour velvet （天鹅绒）In 1578, a Latin-American dictionary defined "melites" as "a precious stone of orange color”. While orange represents the color of the objects, it needed the word "color" to follow it in order for the meaning to be clear. In the mid-1590s, Shakespeare described a beard as "orange tawny", one of the first instances of "orange" without the word "color" as part of the expression. Tawny is a brown color often used on its own. Orange was not yet a color, just a shade of brown.
In 1616, in an account describing varieties of tulips （郁金香）that can be grown, orange was used as a stand-alone color. When Isaac Newton performed his experiments on the color spectrum （色谱），he listed it as one of the seven basic colors. After almost half a century, orange was recognized as a color on its own.
1. Which is the right time order of the appearance of "orange"?| A．As a fruit→as a color→the shade itself. |
| B．The shade itself→as a color→as a fruit. |
| C．The shade itself→as a fruit→as a color. |
| D．As a color→the shade itself→as a fruit. |
| A．Melites. | B．Narange. |
| C．NaranciA. | D．Golden apples. |
| A．My ball is a melite. | B．The ball is orange colour. |
| C．The orange ball is beautiful. | D．I have an orange ball. |
| A．How to plant oranges | B．The spread of oranges |
| C．Orange used as a color | D．Shakespeare and oranges |
2 . Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's(船长)feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano(火山)was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom(底部)of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.
1. Surtsey is ______.| A．an island not far from Iceland | B．a new volcano |
| C．a fishing boat | D．a place in Iceland |
| A．to watch the birth of the island | B．to save the fishing boat |
| C．to learn about the island | D．to build a house |
| A．Before the volcano broke out. | B．As soon as the volcano broke out. |
| C．About four days after the volcano broke out. | D．After the volcano stopped rushing up. |
a. The captain found the boat was moving.
b. A new island appeared in the sea.
c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up.
d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.
e. The island grew quickly.
| A．d-a-c-b-e | B．a-b-c-d-e | C．a-b-e-c-d | D．b-e-d-a-c |
| A．A new island | B．The birth of an island |
| C．A new world | D．Scientists discovered Surtsey |
3 . Kids,whose imaginations have no limit,frequently come up with inventive ideas.However,few see them come to life mainly because adults don't believe in their practicality.That is about to change thanks to Little Inventors,an innovative(创新的）project that connects inventors to producers and artists who can help bring even the most impossible invention ideas to life.
The project is the brainchild of Dominic Wilcox,a British artist and inventor,who is world-famous for his fun creations like GPS shoes that can find their way home.Wilcox,who was encouraged to create things at a very young age by his teacher,believes that"we are all born creators"and thinks children's ideas are just as valuable as those of adults'.
The chain of events leading to the founding of Little Inventors dates back to a series of workshops held by Wilcox around his hometown of Sunderland,England in 2015.The 19 events, organized to encourage children aged 5-12 to describe their ideas,were a huge success,attracting over 300 kids and resulting in more than 450 fun inventions.The designs were presented to a group of twenty-three local artists and producers who selected one idea and then worked alongside its young creator to bring it to life.
The success of the workshops has led to the creation of Little Inventors.The website allows inventors from all over the world to submit their invention ideas.Though not all submissions will be built,inventors will receive valuable feedback on their designs and also suggestions on ways to
improve them.So,upload an idea or two to little inventors.org and see if you can make your crazy,or world-changing invention a reality.
1. What is"Little Inventors"?
| A．It's a company. | B．It's an organization. |
| C．It's a task. | D．It's a school. |
| A．To help bring children's imaginative ideas to life. |
| B．To help avoid children's failure. |
| C．To call on adults to help children invent things. |
| D．To persuade adults into inventing with children. |
| A．He took great interest in his teacher's inventions like GPS shoes. |
| B．He started thinking creatively when he was very young. |
| C．He was well-known to the world as a British artist. |
| D．He was encouraged to make inventions by his parents. |
a. collecting kids' ideas
b.artists and producers helping bringing the ideas to life
c.organizing events
d.encouraging kids to describe their ideas
e.presenting kids' ideas to artists and producers
| A．bcdea | B．acbed |
| C．ecdab | D．cdaeb |
4 . When other nine-year-old kids were playing games, she was working at a petrol station. When other teens were studying or going out, she fought to find a place to sleep on the street. But she beat these terrible setbacks（挫折） to win a highly competitive scholarship and gain entry （录入）into Harvard University. And her amazing story has inspired a movie, “Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story”.
Liz Murray, a 22-year-old American girl, has been writing a real-life story of willpower and determination. Liz grew up with two drug-addicted parents. There was never enough food or warm clothes in the house. Liz was the only member of the family who had a job. Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just l5 years old. The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life. Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died. She decided to do something about it.
Liz went back to school. She threw herself into her studies, never telling her teachers that she was homeless. At night, she lived on the streets. “What drove me to live on had something to do with understanding, and by understanding that there was a whole other way of being. I had only experienced a small part of the society,” she wrote in her book Breaking Night.
She admitted that she used envy （妒忌）to drive herself on. She used the benefits that come easily to others, such as a safe living environment, to encourage herself that “next to nothing could hold me down”. She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University. But Liz decided to leave her top university a couple of months earlier this year in order to take care of her father, who has also developed AIDS. “I love my parents so much. They are drug addicts. But I never forget that they love me all the time. ”
Liz wants moviegoers（常看电影的人） to come away with the idea that changing your life is “as simple as making a decision”.
1. In which order did the following things happen to Liz?
a. Her mother died of AIDS.
b. She got admitted into Harvad.
c. She worked at a petrol station.
d. The movie about her life was put on.
e. She had trouble finding a place to sleep.
| A．c, a, e, b, d | B．a, b, c, e, d |
| C．c, d, b, a, e | D．b, e, a, d, c |
| A．Envy and encouragement. |
| B．Willpower and determination. |
| C．Decisions and understanding |
| D．Love and respect for her parents. |
| A．She had little experience of social life. |
| B．She could hardly understand the society. |
| C．She would do something for her own life. |
| D．She needed to travel more around the world. |
| A．Why Liz loved her parents so much. |
| B．How Liz made efforts to change her life. |
| C．What a hard time Liz had in her childhood. |
| D．How Liz managed to enter Harvard University. |
I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brothers when I saw my six-year old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort... trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked; being very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site.
Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get away. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lift its head with great effort to lap up the water cupped in my beautiful boy's hand.
I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops... and more drops... and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, Himself, was weeping with pride.
1. Why did the author follow her son?
| A．Because there might be danger. |
| B．Because her son was doing a good deed. |
| C．Because she was curious. |
| D．Because she intended to help. |
| A．Rain was in great need. |
| B．Billy carried water with his small hands. |
| C．Billy walked into the woods and then returned over and over again. |
| D．There were few trees in the woods. |
① The author was moved to tears.
② Billy fed the water to the baby deer.
③ Billy walked towards the large deer.
④ It began to rain.
⑤ The author followed Billy into the woods.
| A．⑤③②①④ | B．③②⑤①④ |
| C．④①③②⑤ | D．⑤②①③④ |
| A．Importance of water | B．The water of life |
| C．How to save animals | D．Animals in danger |
