1 . Two hours from the tall buildings of Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance (丰富) of other wildlife.
The streams, lakes, grasslands, mountain and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Pocono’s natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.
Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Bud Cook, the president of the Conservancy, is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forming partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.
Altemose’s family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago, Francis worked with the local branch of the Nature Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.
Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents.
“The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live here respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation efforts.”
For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please call 1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at www.tnc.org.
1. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to ________.| A．gain support from the local community. |
| B．protect it from irresponsible development. |
| C．make it a better home for black bears. |
| D．provide financial security for future generations. |
| A．the tourist industry is growing fast and has great influence on the Pocono area. |
| B．wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidly. |
| C．the security of the Pocono residents is being threatened. |
| D．farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast. |
| A．Financial contributions from local business leaders. |
| B．Consideration of the interests of the local residents. |
| C．The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the area. |
| D．The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area. |
| A．The setting up of an environmental protection website. |
| B．Support from organizations like the Nature Conservancy. |
| C．Cooperation with the local residents and business leaders. |
| D．Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program. |
2 . Taronga Zoo Sydney
 With international borders closed, you might think that an exciting and exotic journey into the wild unknown might be impossible this summer, but at Taronga — we’ve got you covered. Embrace your longing for adventure and exploration by journeying to four different areas of our beautiful planet as you follow a series of carefully selected travel plans across Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia, and learn about the incredibly rich and diverse wildlife unique to these regions. 20% off Zoo tickets for Lunar New Year Enjoy a celebration of the wild kind this Lunar New Year at the Zoo! Enjoy discounted tickets to bring in a year of luck and prosperity for the whole family! Terms and conditions -Discount applies to full-priced value of individual Adult and Child. -Discount is available only when promotional code LUNARZOO is entered when purchasing tickets online via taronga.org.au and is not to be used is conjunction with any other offer. -Valid for visits Taronga Zoo Sydney only between Friday 12 February 2021 and Sunday 28 February 2021. One day entry
Safety measures If you have cold or flu symptoms, we ask that you please stay home and do not visit. Following the most recent advice from NSW Health. Taronga has implemented the following additional measures to ensure our Zoos remain a low-risk environment for you and your family to enjoy. -Wearing face masks: From Friday 29 January 2021, it is highly recommended but no longer required for guests to wear face masks in any outdoor areas. -Pre-book your visit: All rickets and member visits must be pre-booked online. -Bring your essentials upon arrival: Your e-ticket, face-mask, contactless payment method, sunscreen, water bottle. -Maintain social distancing: Staff and guests are required to maintain 1.5m physical distancing at all times where possible. -Guests are not permitted to visit Taronga’s Zoos in Sydney or stay overnight if it violates state or federal travel restrictions, border closures and public health orders relating to COVID-19. Please do not enter Taronga Zoo Sydney during self-isolation. |
1. In Taronga Zoo Sydney this Lunar New Year, people can________.
| A．experience culture related to animals |
| B．enjoy a party held by the zookeepers |
| C．watch various animals introduced from four regions |
| D．embrace all the animals along your adventure and exploration |
| NAME | Homer | Marge | Bart | Lisa | Maggie |
| AGE | 40 | 38 | 10 | 8 | 2 |
| A．$190 | B．$160 | C．$152 | D．$128 |
| A．booking all the tickets at the gate |
| B．visiting the zoo after self-isolation |
| C．pulling off face masks in indoor areas |
| D．staying overnight with a high fever |
3 . Things you need to know about your STRESS right now
After 60 years of research, scientists have determined what provokes stress. There's even a handy acronym: NUTS.
N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.
U is for Unpredictability: When you don't know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist.
T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is threatened, such as in front of colleagues. We're very sensitive to this.
S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic.
It's helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved. The opposite of stress is not relaxation---it's resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormone and you will calm down
Get on your bike!
As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether you're doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels.
15 MINUTES LATER
A 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.
AN HOUR LATER
Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later---a sure sign of stress.
18 YEARS LATER
After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.
①____________
In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers' hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. It's what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing.
②____________
In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back.
1. __________---may suffer the most stress relatively.| A．Luna, 19--she has well prepared for her first internship with the help of her mother. |
| B．Tom, 29-his first day of work starts at 9: 00 am, but he's in a traffic jam at 8: 50 am. |
| C．Karol, 39-she finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentist's. |
| D．Jenny, 49-her colleagues are planning to give her a farewell party and she's in the dark. |
A． |
B． |
C． |
D． |
| A．①Raise your hand! ②Find a volunteer companion! |
| B．①Raise your hand! ②Get a furry companion! |
| C．① Hug your family! ② Get furry companion! |
| D．①Hug your family! ②Find a volunteer companion! |
4 . Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the data's producers, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online (see Nature 461, 160-163; 2009). When Wolkovich, for instance, went hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovich's team could conduct only limited analyses
Some communities have agreed to share online - geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository, and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects - but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and the contextual information called metadata; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.
But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report Science as an Open Enterprise that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.
Although exhortations to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers - those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often - get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne, a biologist at George Washington University in Washington DC, thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of' timber. "I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions," she says "It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible ".
1. What do many researchers generally accept?| A．It is imperative to protest scientist' patents |
| B．Repositories are essential to scientific research |
| C．Open data sharing is most important to medical science |
| D．Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement |
| A．Opposed |
| B．Ambiguous |
| C．Liberal |
| D．Neutral |
| A．The fear of massive copying |
| B．The lack of a research culture |
| C．The belief that research is private intellectual property |
| D．The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it |
| A．is becoming increasingly popular |
| B．benefits sharers and users alike |
| C．makes researchers successful |
| D．saves both money and labor |
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6 . While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers) may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus.
It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?
Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.
"We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are way ahead of us," Hacker says. "I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people. Not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical engineer, fine. But most of us aren't."
Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College: Numeracy 101. There, his students of "citizen statistics" learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.
Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.
Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.
"Make mathematics more available," Droujkova says. "Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences."
Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of "fake math"—an emphasis on rote memorization of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.
Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.
"I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it," Hacker says. "All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus."
1. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?| A．America is not doing as well as China. | B．Math professors are not doing a good job. |
| C．It doesn't help students develop their literacy. | D．There has hardly been any innovation for years. |
| A．Allow students to learn high-level math step by step. |
| B．Enable students to make practical use of basic math. |
| C．Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies. |
| D．Help students to develop their analytical abilities. |
| A．Make complex concepts easy to understand. | B．Start teaching children math at an early age. |
| C．Help children work wonders with calculus. | D．Try to arouse students' curiosity in math. |
| A．To enable learners to understand the world better. | B．To help learners to tell fake math from real math. |
| C．To broaden Americans' perspectives on math. | D．To exert influence on world development. |
7 . When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuse, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kinds of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn Ferry, senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”
Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willemstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”
1. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being _______.| A．arrogant. | B．frank. | C．self-centered. | D．impulsive. |
| A．their expectation of better financial status | B．their need to reflect on their private life |
| C．their strained relations with the boards | D．their pursuit of new career goals |
| A．top performers used to cling to their posts |
| B．loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated |
| C．top performers care more about reputations |
| D．it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules |
| A．CEOs; Where to Go? | B．CEOs: All the Way Up? |
| C．Top Managers Jump without a Net | D．The Only Way Out for Top Performers |
8 . Dansh Boyd, who holds positions at Microsoft Research, New York University, and Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, has a pointed message for parents: Most everything we think we know about the way our kids are using the Internet is wrong. Boyd's new book, it's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, makes the case that the Internet isn't nearly as scary or damaging to young people as many moms and dads believe. As the mother of a 16-yaer-old, I found most of it fascinating. Here are two of my biggest takeaways:
Technology is not turning our teens into social misfits.
Although the image persists that young people would rather test than talk, and prefer connecting of Facebook than hanging out in person, Boyd says this isn't true. "Most of the teens that I met ... were desperate for the opportunity to leave their homes to gather with friends," she writes.
The trouble is that in many communities, young people have less freedom than they once did because they are so over scheduled and because parents are worried about their safety. "The era of being able to run around after school as long as you are home before dark is long over." Boyd notes.
To make up for this lost freedom, teens have turned to their computers. "The success of social media must be understood partly in relation to this shrinking social landscape." Boyd explains. Facebook, Twitter. Instagram, Snapchat, and other sites "are not only new public spaces: they are in many cases the only 'public' spaces in which teens can easily communicate with large groups of their peers."
Adolescents aren't as Internet savvy as we like to think.
Although teens have been called "digital natives" for having grown up practically glued to their computers and smart-phones, they still remain simple in many ways about what they find online. After all, they're just kids.
"Many of today's teens are indeed deeply engaged with social media ... but this does not mean that they have the knowledge or skills to make the most of their online experiences," Boyd writes. "The so-called 'digital natives,' far from being useful, is often a distraction to understanding the challenges that youth face in the networked world."
One area in which young people need help is in learning to distinguish between valid and misleading sources of information. "Teens may make their own media or share content online," Boyd observes, "but this does not mean that they inherently have the knowledge or perspective to critically examine what they consume."
Yet many teachers, librarians, and, yes, parents do. "Even those who are afraid of technology," Boyd says, "can offer valuable critical perspective."
As a mom or dad, the most important thing for your kid to plug into is your hard-earned wisdom.
1. Danah Boyd's new book mainly talks about ________.| A．the correct and wise use of the Internet for young people |
| B．teens' real social lives online and advice for parents |
| C．measures parents can take to deal with the damaging Internet |
| D．fascinating takeaways for a mother of a 16-year-old |
| A．Because they seem to prefer to communicate through social networks. |
| B．Because they are too over scheduled to hang out with friends in person. |
| C．Because parents require them to stay at home more for safety reasons. |
| D．Because social networks offer them convenience of communication |
| A．tends to be cheated over the Internet all the time |
| B．is completely absorbed in social networks all the time |
| C．knows how to fully and wisely use the Internet |
| D．has the ability to distinguish right from wrong |
| A．provide kids with more chances to leave homes and gather with friends |
| B．build more public places for kids to communicate with their peers |
| C．provide kids with knowledge and skills to help them to digital natives |
| D．filter out the misleading sources of information online for their kids |
9 . Pessimism VS. Progress
FASTER, CHEAPER, BETTER—technology is one field many people rely on to offer a vision of a brighter future. As the 2020s dawns, however, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that have dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Social media was supposed to bring people together, but today, it is better known for invading privacy. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies.
This depressed mood is centered on smartphones and social media, which took off a decade ago. However, concerns have arisen that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good. The 1920s witness a resistance to cars, which had earlier been seen as a miraculous answer to the problem of horse-drawn vehicles. In the 1970s, the depression was prompted by concerns about environmental damage and the prospect of nuclear accidents.
In each of these historical cases, disappointment arose from a mix of unrealized hopes and unforeseen consequences. Technology produces the forces of creative destruction, which replaces the outdated production units, so it is natural that it leads to anxiety. For any given technology, its drawbacks sometimes seem to outweigh its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at the same time, as it does today, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.
However, this pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the disadvantages of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. Efforts to avoid the short-term cost associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may promote governments to tax them, for example, to discourage their use, but in the long run, countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.
That points to another lesson: the remedy for technology-related problems very often involves more technology. Airbags and other improvements in safety features, for example, mean that in America, deaths in car accidents per billion miles travelled have fallen from around 240 in the 1920s to around 12 today.
The most important lesson is about technology itself. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. Biotechnology, for example, can raise crop yields and cure diseases, but it could equally lead to deadly weapons.
Technology itself is neutral. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Will technology lead to pessimism or progress? The question should be settled by a broad debate, not by a small group of technologists.
1. The word “prompted” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.| A．caused | B．prevented | C．relieved | D．removed |
| A．technological innovations hardly cause unexpected problems |
| B．people assume the faults of new technologies to be natural |
| C．new technologies tend to emerge with uncertainty about future |
| D．new technologies cause more disadvantages than advantages |
| A．optimism over new technologies is in short supply as the 2020 comes |
| B．pessimism over innovations, if not overdone, is helpful and even essential |
| C．people tend to care more about innovations’ problems than about their benefits |
| D．people’s wise decision on the use of new technologies really matters |
10 . There are several ways of retelling “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”. In 2005 Hollywood focused on Willy Wonka, the factory’s owner, portraying him as a purple-gloved man-child. A new musical production of Roald Dahl’s children’s story at the Theatre Royal in London concentrates on the up-from-poverty fortune of Charlie Bucket, the boy who finds the golden ticket.
Tales of upward social mobility attempted or achieved are crowding the London stage. “Billy Elliott”, the story of a miner’s son who strives with the death of family strikes to make it as a ballet dancer, recently celebrated its four-millionth visitor. “Port”, an account of a Stockport girl’s attempts to escape her depressing origins, was a success at the National Theatre this spring. Last year “In Basildon” described strivers in the typical upwardly-mobile Essex town.
It is a respectable theatrical (and literary) theme, but it is being handled in a different way. John Osborne’s 1956 play “Look Back in Anger” showed a working-class man’s anger at the middle class he had married into. By the 1970s and 1980s writers were looking down their noses at social climbers, in plays like “Top Girls” and “Abigail’s Party”, in which a middle-class arriviste (暴发户) serves inferior snacks and the wrong kind of wine.
Social mobility moved away as a topic for a while, as playwrights like David Hare turned to examine carefully the state of the nation. Now it has returned—and is described much more sympathetically. Dominic Cooke, who directed “In Basildon” at the Royal Court Theatre, says this may be a delayed reaction to the collapse of state socialism in Europe.
A possible reason for the sympathetic tone is that upward mobility can no longer be taken for granted. In 2011 researchers at the London School of Economics concluded that intergenerational social mobility, assessed by income for children born between 1970 and 2000, had suspended. Another study, by Essex University academics, found matters had not improved during the crisis.
So it is fantastic fun to see people make it. Charlie Bucket does so spectacularly(壮观地). At the end of “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” he is a pint-size entrepreneur(企业家), with an immigrant workforce of Oompa-Loompas to ensure he does not fall back down the social ladder.
1. What are the versions of “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” mentioned in the passage?| A．Magic and ballet. | B．Movie and musical. |
| C．Drama and painting. | D．Novel and documentary. |
| A．The story of a miner's son. |
| B．The topic of upward social mobility. |
| C．An account of a Stockport girl's attempts. |
| D．A striver in the upwardly-mobile Essex town. |
| A．gaining by dishonest means |
| B．serving others what they like |
| C．being involved in social climbing |
| D．marrying the one sharing your background |
| A．Curious. | B．Optimistic. |
| C．Pessimistic. | D．Concerned. |
