1 . As more and more people speak the global language of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will be likely to die out by the next century, according the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials —including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes — which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded — the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project — Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to schools but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
1. Many scholars are making efforts to ________.| A．promote global languages | B．rescue disappearing languages |
| C．search for languages communities | D．set up language research organizations |
| A．having detailed records of the languages | B．writing books on language users |
| C．telling stories about language speakers | D．living with the native speakers |
| A．The cultural studies in India. | B．The documents available at Yale. |
| C．His language research in Bhutan. | D．His personal experience in Nepal. |
| A．Write, sell and donate. | B．Record, repair and reward. |
| C．Collect, protect and reconnect. | D．Design, experiment and report. |
2 . Wine and beaches, fireworks and music... our readers recommend some fantastic festivals.
Festa delTUva e del Vino, Italy
Set on the beautiful shores of Lake Garda, this grapes and wine festival takes over the small town of Bardolino for four days every October. With local wines, food, art projections, fireworks and live music. people come from miles around to celebrate. First and foremost，it’s about great wine，but it’s worth visiting to soak up the great atmosphere.
Free，1-5 October
Quest festival, Vietnam
This is a weekend camping festival held just a 40-minute drive from Hanoi, bringing together locals and visitors in a celebration of underground live and electronic music culture. Held in the beautiful Son Tinh campsite, there are usually about 30 local and international DJs and 10 bands. There are also workshops, pop-up cafes, fire performances, dancing and much more.
Weekend tickets about £25, 6-8 November
Estiv al Switzerland
This is a free festival of jazz which takes place in the first weekend in July in the pretty squares and lakeside beaches and parks around the southern Swiss town of Lugano. The palm trees and summer air to see some of Europe’s up and coming jazz bands and enjoy Swiss
Free, every July
Irish Redhead Convention, County Cork
A friendly gathering for all red-haired people is held in the small seaside village of Crosshaven where redheads from all over the world take part in light hearted events. There’s live music, art exhibitions, lectures and of course the traditional Parade of Redheads through the village led by the newly crowned Redhead King and Queen.
Free, Every August
1. Jennifer, a girl with red hair, may be interested in ________.| A．Estival. | B．Quest festival. |
| C．Festa deirtlva e del Vino. | D．Irish Redhead Convention. |
| A．They offer local food. |
| B．They have fireworks. |
| C．They are free of charge. |
| D．They have music activities. |
| A．In a textbook. |
| B．In a magazine. |
| C．In a news report. |
| D．In a research paper. |
3 . In April 2015, UK journalist Rebecca Atkinson, along with other parents of children with disabilities started the campaign ToyLikeMe to solve the lack of various toys for children with disabilities. They created a Facebook page where everyone was able to post ideas and pictures about what toys for children with disabilities should look like.
Even though the campaign attracted a lot of attention, these parents couldn’t rest until their ideas actually became real. Luckily, only 2 weeks after the campaign started, the people who started the campaign got in touch with a company in the UK that designs toys through 3D printing, and the company agreed to create new series of dolls. That’s when the first toys for disabled children were produced.
There are around 150 million children with disabilities, and even though the toy industry is worth over $2.9 billion, it has completely failed to create toys that are fitter for them. Until recently, that is. Thanks to this campaign that has taken the Internet by storm, many toy companies have answered this calling and have made toys specifically for children with disabilities.
Soon enough, the ToyLikeMe campaign on Facebook and Twitter finally reached the big companies like Lego, and now there is an entire series of toys for disabled children that have been sold worldwide.
Even after all the success this campaign has had, ToyLikeMe gets on with its task. The organization has followers in over 45 countries and has received donations from over 700 people. The mission of ToyLikeMe is to continuously influence the worldwide toy industry and hopefully make kids with disabilities all around the world feel accepted and appreciated.
1. How did Rebecca and some parents start the campaign ToyLikeMe?| A．They made a new series of dolls through 3D printing. |
| B．They asked Lego to design toys for children with disabilities. |
| C．They called on people to donate toys on their Facebook page. |
| D．They created a Facebook page for people to share opinions and pictures. |
| A．It makes disabled kids have more confidence. |
| B．It makes disabled kids have various toys to play with. |
| C．It gives away toys to children with disabilities. |
| D．It gives families with disabled kids encouragement. |
| A．There’s a growing need for helping disabled kids. |
| B．There’s a growing need for more toy companies. |
| C．Many toy companies are responding to the calling. |
| D．Children are fond of playing with various toys. |
| A．It has gained support of parents. | B．It will continue its journey. |
| C．It has been popular with disabled kids. | D．It will care for other needs of disabled kids. |
4 . What should we get for our kids this holiday? As children get older, giving them something they can experience instead of material things makes them happier, according to a new research led by Chaplin.
The research compared the level of happiness children get from material things with that from experiences. The results showed that children aged 3-12 get more happiness from material things than from experiences. However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.
“It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things, like some might think,”Chaplin says. She goes on to explain,”Don’t get me wrong. Young children do love experiences. And given this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact, young children are excited throughout the experience. However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details of the events.”
Long after they have unwrapped their Legos and stuffed animals, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can’t see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a long time. There’s an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
“Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties,”she said.“Children are likely to appreciate those experiences more if there is something to remind them of the event. Additionally, they’ll be able to learn the social value of shared experiences.”
Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts they received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
Since memory is developed over time, it’s likely that children, especially young ones, may not get as much happiness from past experiences as from possessions. But with age, creating new memories and exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.
1. Why are theme parks springing up according to Chaplin?| A．They can offer children lasting happiness. |
| B．Events in them are centered on specific themes. |
| C．Direct involvement in events there caters to children. |
| D．Kids have an affection for the atmosphere they offer. |
| A．solution | B．arrangement |
| C．preparation | D．focus |
| A．Videos appeal to children more than gifts. |
| B．Legos and stuffed animals are not kid’s cup of tea. |
| C．Older children value family time more than younger ones. |
| D．Physical reminders help remember past experiences better. |
| A．Experiences are better gifts for older children. |
| B．Social values should be put in the first place. |
| C．New interests are most precious for children. |
| D．Material possessions bring more happiness to children. |
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★ #ChefsChallenge!
Love cooking? Join famous chefs with this online challenge—cook, have fun and share your best healthy recipes!
When it comes to food, it’s difficult to match East Asia & Pacific in terms of variety and tastiness. From wontons to dumplings, from spicy fish to noodle soups, East Asia & Pacific’s amazing food culture is a central part of life for millions of people and indeed tourists from across the world.
However, changes in diet and lifestyle in recent years have sadly destroyed traditional food cultures, and the health of millions of people. Cheap “fast food” and unhealthy snacks that are high in sugar, salt and fat are now all too common but offer little nutrition.
★A new challenge
Today, there are more than 25 million of malnourished children living in the region, but the picture is changing. While the number of stunted (发育不良) children is slowly falling in many countries, overweight and obesity are growing, and at a much faster rate.
In many countries, three forms of malnutrition—undernutrition, hidden hunger and overweight-co-exist. A family may have an overweight mother and a stunted child. Or a child may be both stunted or too short and overweight. Unhealthy diets are a major cause of all forms of malnutrition.
★Join us!
One way to slow this tide is to reconnect families and young people with food. That’s why chefs from across the region are taking part in the #ChefsChallenge, asking you to show off your cooking skills. Get involved today by sharing your recipes with videos, photos or any other creative ways on social media using #ChefsChallenge and tagging UNICEF East Asia Pacific on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook.
1. What has badly affected the traditional food culture in East Asia & Pacific?| A．Western cooks’ arriving. |
| B．People’s turning to unhealthy food. |
| C．Tourists’ bringing new recipes. |
| D．Overweight children’s growing in number. |
| A．He is in a poor state of health. |
| B．He is shorter than other kids. |
| C．He has an overweight parent. |
| D．He prefers eating at home. |
| A．To introduce excellent Asian cooks online. |
| B．To help ordinary people challenge professional cooks. |
| C．To reconnect people with tasty and nutritious food. |
| D．To encourage family and friends to get together online. |
I fell in love with a “flying Dutchman”…literally. In the summer of 2011, I moved to the Netherlands not knowing anyone except my husband, not knowing how to speak the language, and leaving behind my friends, family, and everything I knew that represented me. But as they say, “Love is blind. ”
In the beginning, I spent many months “alone in my head.” My mother-in-law didn't speak English（or Italian）. This, however, didn't stop her from trying to communicate with me. At first, sounds of vague meanings coupled with hand gestures was our way of having a conversation.
It wasn’t until I discovered she was a choral（合唱的）director for a women's group in the community that we then began communicating on a whole different level. From my early days in school, I was always part of a school choir for over a decade.
We shared a love of music! Dien（my mother-in-law’s name）taught me many beautiful Dutch songs. I sang in her choir throughout the years that followed. And then by chance, I came across a TED-Talk featuring you, Mr. Whitacre discussing your music and the virtual（虚拟合唱团）choir. Within minutes, I researched when the next project would start and to my surprise, it was Virtual Choir4“Fly To Paradise. ” I couldn't wait to tell my mother-in-law!
The next 2 weeks we spent practicing our parts and perfecting our video submissions. It was pure joy for us. Something we shared a love for, encouraging each other, spending hours together, and making a permanent bond as a mother and daughter-in-law.
Music has always been a part of my life. Its significance is greater than anything most people are aware of. Our participation in your virtual choir is one I will never forget. And it goes without saying, I am grateful for you, your music, and its ability to connect us all.
1. Which of the following best describes the author’s mother-in-law?| A．Talkative and humorous. | B．Active and caring. |
| C．Strict and determined. | D．Quiet and considerate. |
| A．She felt regretful about her marriage at the beginning. |
| B．She tried to avoid speaking to Dien due to language barrier. |
| C．She decided to join the virtual choir with Dien’s suggestions. |
| D．She developed a closer family bond by joining the virtual choir. |
| A．To give encouragement. | B．To offer help. |
| C．To express thanks. | D．To introduce a choir. |
8 . Paired up in the right setting, dogs and horses can have their fair share of fun—at times even playing together and mimicking each other's facial expressions, new research suggests. These findings, published in the journal Behavioural Processes, mark the first example of so-called rapid facial mimicry occurring between play partners of different species, and indicate the existence of a universal language of play. Though the purpose behind play remains unclear, scientists believe the behavior arises to help animals improve hunting and social skills, relieve stress or develop relationship with each other, study author Elisabetta Palagi says, an animal behaviorist at the University of Pisa in Italy.
Learning more about the contexts in which different animals play around—especially across branches of the tree of life—could tell researchers a lot about play's origins and evolution. But apart from a handful of studies featuring humans and their pets, scientists haven't had many chances to analyze examples of interspecies play.
In 2018, when someone sent Palagi a YouTube video featuring a dog and a horse playing together, she took the chance to research further. The two species, she noted early on, were especially good research objects of interspecies friendship, because they had both been shown to recognize facial expressions in other animals.
Putting together a team of research students, Palagi began to collect and analyze hundreds of other videos with dogs and horses partnering in play. Only 20 videos ended up meeting the team's requirements: showing animals freely playing on their own, without human interference, for at least30 seconds.
Several common themes quickly arose. When playing, dogs and horses often mirrored each other's moves, jumping and pushing at each other. They also rolled on their backs and showed their throats and stomachs—a strong sign that they were at ease and even communicating their friendly intentions. Despite millions of years of evolution between them, the two species had found common ground for the only purpose of fun, said Palagi.
The two animals also frequently copied each other's facial expressions, both using the relaxed, open mouths—behayior that had never been noted between a pair of animals of different species. Horses and dogs may look and behave in extremely different ways, says Barbara Smuts, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Michigan who wasn't involved in the study. But fun is perhaps a language that doesn't need to be taught. Two very dissimilar animals, Smuts says, can still discuss how to play in a way that's comfortable for both.
1. What do scientists find about dogs and horses?| A．They share similar facial expressions. | B．They can build up a lasting relationship. |
| C．They often share hunting and social skills. | D．They have a special way to communicate. |
| A．By playing with dogs and horses together. | B．By pairing up dogs and horses in a setting. |
| C．By watching videos showing their play scene. | D．By recording their play for 30 seconds every day. |
| A．Feeling relaxed. | B．Looking similar. | C．Getting smart. | D．Turning sociable. |
| A．It can help humans get along with animals. | B．It studies interspecies play for the first time. |
| C．It explains animals' way of communicating. | D．It analyzes animals' facial expressions in detail |
9 . Some people say that the best way to reduce the size of your waist is to do stomach exercise. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised，the fatty tissues(组织)in the immediate area are burned up. The truth is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area. Of course，if you reduce the fat throughout your body，you will certainly see results around your waist，too.
Some people believe that you need to exercise twice a week in order to keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. However，studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours，you must use the muscles again to reestablish(重建)the good physical effects. And what does that mean to you？American scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most helpful，exercising every other day or three days a week will keep a sufficient level of physical fitness.
Is it true that you burn more calories running one mile than walking the same distance？The answer is no. The truth is that you use the same amount of energy whether you walk or run the mile，since in both cases you are moving the same weight the same distance. The speed does not matter. Of course，if you run rather than walk for 30 minutes，you will cover more distance，and therefore，burn more calories.
If your breathing doesn't return to normal within 5 minutes after you finish exercising，you have exercised too much. Five minutes or so after exercising，your breathing should be normal，your heart shouldn't be beating loudly，and you shouldn't be tired.
1. If you want to reduce the fat around your waist，you should________．| A．do stomach exercise |
| B．exercise the waist |
| C．exercise all the muscles of your body |
| D．run fast for 30 minutes |
| A．we only need to exercise twice a week |
| B．we should exercise three times a week |
| C．muscles lose their strength after 48 hours |
| D．we should exercise every other day，or three days a week |
| A．your breathing will take longer than 5 minutes to return to normal after you finish exercising |
| B．your breathing will return to normal within 5 minutes after finishing exercising |
| C．your heart will not be beating loudly |
| D．you will be too tired to move |
| A．it is better to do more running than walking |
| B．the more exercise you do，the healthier you will be |
| C．the unexercised muscles must be used again within 48 to 72 hours |
| D．in order to lose weight，you have to run fast |
10 . Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.
There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programs may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created the Pegasus spyware to “provide authorized governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.
In my opinion, the described protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape cameras and microphones due to the lack of understanding of how their devices work and how malware(恶意软件)works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using cameras or microphones. If they need to yet any information, they get it by sending a targeted malware to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal -from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and much more.
It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it. we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.
Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant malware in your device. To prevent malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online banking accounts.
1. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．Cameras. |
| B．Types. |
| C．Programs. |
| D．Devices. |
| A．group of hackers. |
| B．A company developing spyware. |
| C．A group of terrorists and criminals. |
| D．A company fighting against crime. |
| A．People know little about their devices. |
| B．Hackers have no access to others. |
| C．It hardly prevents malware from getting privacy. |
| D．It can't cover the cameras completely. |
| A．Protecting privacy on devices. |
| B．Rising trend of using tapes. |
| C．Monitoring devices via cameras. |
| D．Avoiding clicking distrustful links. |
