2 . Rising numbers of older adults are unable to care for themselves, often leading to serious health problems and even death, according to state and local government agencies. So-called self-neglect cases generally involve the inability to perform basic self-care, such as providing oneself with food, personal health, medication and safety.

Seniors who no longer drive, for instance, are often unable to get to medical appointments, worsening health problems that can make them unable to care for themselves. A fall can result in body injuries leaving one bedridden and unable to care for oneself. Failure to pay bills for public services could lead to service cutoffs. Forgetting to pay rent could lead to the loss of a home.

Mr. Mc-Cormack, 75 years old, and his wife, 71, both had mental illness and stayed in hospitals from time to time, unable to care for their possessions. Despite repeated visits to their home by local officials, the Mc-Cormacks refused assistance. But after they were found living in their car parked outside their house in December 2017, officials removed them from their home and helped them settle in a nursing home.

Self-neglect cases, like above, involved 144, 296 people across the country in 2018, according to a report. The federal government doesn't have comparable data for previous years, but several state and local service providers say they are seeing the self-neglect problem rise.

The reasons seniors stop caring for themselves vary, including illness, depression and poverty. The loss of the spouse or a neighbor who previously kept an eye on an individual often starts a decline into self-neglect, experts say. And the key to reducing self-neglect cases is providing services to enable seniors to remain in their homes safely, such as reliable transportation for medical appointments and shopping, as well as affordable home help.

1. What is the function of Paragraph 2?

A．Give examples of self-neglect cases.	B．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C．Arouse readers' interest.	D．Summarize the previous paragraph.

2. What can we infer about the Mc-Cormacks?

A．They accepted help from others.	B．They took good care of themselves.
C．They ended up living in the nursing house.	D．They couldn't afford to go to hospital.

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Self-care benefits greatly the seniors.

B．Investigations are conducted on self-neglect.

C．Self-neglect rises among the elderly.

D．The government promotes self-care of the seniors.

4. Where can the passage probably be found?

A．In a guidebook.	B．In a newspaper.
C．In a fairy tale.	D．In a science fiction.

3 . Languages are important. But how they appeared is largely mystery（谜）. It is interesting to see how deaf people can create novel sign languages immediately. Observations have shown that when deaf strangers are brought together in a community, they come up with their own sign language in a considerably short amount of time. However, how exactly this happened has not been recorded, as Manuel Bohn describes, “We know relatively little about how social interaction becomes language. This is where our new study comes in.”

In a series of studies, researchers attempted to recreate exactly this process. But there was a problem: how to make children communicate with each other without them returning to talking to each other? The solution came up in Skype conversations between the two researchers from Germany and their colleague Michael Tomasello in the US. In the study, the children were invited to stay in two different rooms and a Skype connection was established between them. After a brief familiarization with the set-up, the researchers turned off the sound and watched as the children found new ways of communicating that go beyond spoken language.

The childrens' task was to describe an image with different meanings in coordination（协调）game. With concrete things like fork, children quickly found solution by copying the action（e. g. eating） in a gesture. But the researchers repeatedly challenged the children with new, more abstract pictures. In the course of the study, the images to be described became more and more complex, which was also reflected in the gestures that the children produced. In order to communicate, for example, an interaction between two animals, children invented separate gestures for actors and actions and began to combine them.

The studies show that communication cannot be reduced to words alone. When there is no way to use conventional spoken language, people find other ways to get their messages across. This phenomenon forms the basis for the development of new languages.

1. What is basically unknown to us?

A．The origin of languages.	B．Normal people's interaction.
C．When sign languages are used.	D．The importance of languages.

2. Why did the researchers turn off the sound?

A．To make the children think in quiet environment.

B．To evaluate the children's potential modeling skills.

C．To let the children imagine how the deaf communicate.

D．To know how the children communicate without speaking.

3. What were the children required to do in the experiment?

A．Draw pictures of some objects.	B．Invent a couple of new words.
C．Describe something in their way.	D．Express their own true feelings.

4. From which is the text most probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.	B．A science magazine.
C．A science fiction book.	D．A travel brochure.

4 . How would you like an easy way to earn $2,500? All you have to do is to sit around and wait for your meals. There’s a catch, however. You have to stay in a chicken cage with a stranger for a whole week. There are no books or television or radio for a whole week. There are no books or television or radio for amusement. You can’t leave until the week is up. And a camera will be recording your every move.

Two people actually took the job. The idea came from Rob Thompson, a video artist. He wanted to make film about the way animals are treated. His goal was to raise people’s awareness of the living conditions of animals that are raised for food. He decided to pay $ 5,000 out of his own savings to two people who were willing to live like chickens for a week.

To Rob’s surprise, quite a few people answered his advertisement. He had interviews and selected Eric, a 24-yearold restaurant worker, and Pam, a 27-year-old chemist. The plan was for them to spend seven days together in a chicken cage that was six feet long and three feet wide. A camera would record their experience, which would take place in an art museum.

The week was long and difficult. They slept on hard wooden floor. They couldn’t stand up without banging their heads. They ate mash (a kind of food for animals) and drink water from a garden pipe. Their only privacy was a toilet surrounded by a curtain, which was the most unbearable. There were no sinks, mirrors or toothbrushes in the cage.Visitors we came here who were warned, “Do not feed the humans.”

Finally, it was over, and Pam and Eric came out of the cage. They had survived the week and they each had a $ 2,500 check in their hands. When Rob Thompson opened the cage, Eric came out, changed into clean clothes, and ate a chocolate bar right away. “It’s great for me to be able to stand up.” he said. Pam just changed her clothes and left. After a week of visitors and reporters watching her, she didn’t want to talk to anyone.

1. What’s Rob Thompson’s intention of offering the job?

A．Making a film about humans and animals.

B．Conducting an experiment about humans and animals.

C．Making some animals' terrible living conditions seen.

D．Showing how terribly a human being is treated in a cage.

2. For the two staying in the cage, which of the following things is the most challenging one?

A．That they had not much privacy.

B．That they ate the food for animals.

C．That they couldn’t stand up in the cage.

D．That they didn’t have enough daily necessities.

3. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for this passage?

A．Getting Along Well with Animals

B．Do Not Treat Animals Badly

C．An Easy Way to Earn $2,500

D．Living in the Cage like a Chicken

4. Where would this passage most probably appear?

A．In a business journal.	B．In a newspaper.
C．In a research report.	D．In a brochure.

5 . Everyone can be angry. But if you take the time to actually examine your anger instead of just “feeling angry” you’ll have a better understanding of yourself. Knowing why you feel so angry can provide you with some surprising answers. These answers can enable you to grow spiritually and mentally.

I can give you a personal example. I went to a meeting once and I was verbally attacked(言语攻击) over an application I supported at my workplace. Various people went on and on about how terrible this system was and that it never worked. That didn’t bother me that much. But I was absolutely furious at the comment, “Your job is pointless.”

I was upset that they would treat me that way. But once I took the time to think about what was really making me so mad, I learned a lot. I realized that the comment was more true than I wanted to admit. In the big scheme of things, my job was pointless. It wasn’t what I really wanted to be doing with my life and this is what frustrated me the most. Here I was pouring part of my heart and soul into a job I didn't even want to do. I was using it as crutch(依靠) because I didn’t have the confidence in myself to take the scary(令人害怕的) road toward what I really wanted to do. As soon as I realized that, a lot of my anger just melted away. I also realized that I needed to start focusing on what I really wanted to do.

I now consider this incident as a great gift. It got me back on track to move in the direction I want to go with my life. I probably wouldn't be where I am today if I hadn’t taken the time to figure out why I was really so angry.

1. What does the underlined word “furious” probably mean?

A．Surprised.	B．Relaxed.
C．Amazed.	D．Angry.

2. Why did the author admit that his work was pointless ?

A．Because he didn’t do his job wholeheartedly.

B．Because he didn’t make enough money.

C．Because he couldn’t get on well with his colleagues.

D．Because he didn’t have the chance to realize his potential.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．The author isn’t easy to become angry any longer.

B．The author has achieved success in his present career.

C．The author received a lot of gifts after the incident.

D．The author was forced to quit his job.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A diary.

B．A guidebook.

C．A magazine.

D．A novel.

6 . Kobe Bryant, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 23, 1978, was a professional basketball player, nicknamed "Black Mamba" or "Little Flying Man ". He played for the Los Angeles Lakers throughout his NBA career from 1996 to 2016.

In 1996, Kobe Bryant entered the high school and then began his legendary NBA career. On behalf of his school, Kobe Bryant won many basketball games and got a very high total score. He broke the record of the southeast of Pennsylvania that Chamberlain had created and maintained for 38 years, which made Jerry West, the Lakers vice president, think highly of him. After Kobe Bryant became the dunk（扣篮）champion in the All-Star Game in 1997, his career took off. From 2000 to 2002, he and his team won the NBA championships for three years in a row.

Kobe Bryant maintained a lot of NBA personal records. He once got 81 scores in a game, the second highest single-game scoring in the NBA history. In the 2007-2008 season, he received the title of Most Valuable Player, which is the highest honor for NBA players. After that, he and his team continued to attain lots of remarkable achievements, including two NBA championships from 2009 to 2010.

Unfortunately, on January 27, 2020, this great man and other eight persons were killed in a helicopter crash in Calabasas. Kobe Bryant was then only 41 years old. Those who loved him all mourned the death of him. Though we have lost a superstar, his mamba spirit will live on. We will always remember his immortal（不朽的）words, "I know the appearance of Los Angeles at four o'clock in the morning every day."

1. How did Kobe Bryant catch Jerry West's attention?

A．He was recommended to Jerry West.

B．He created a new basketball total score record and maintained it for 38 years.

C．He broke the basketball total score record of the southeast of Pennsylvania.

D．He became the dunk champion in the 2007-2008 season.

2. How many NBA championships did Kobe and his team win in all?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

3. What can we infer from Kobe's immortal words in the last paragraph?

A．Kobe deeply loved Los Angeles.	B．Kobe enjoyed the sunrise of Los Angeles.
C．Kobe practiced very hard every day.	D．Kobe didn't want to be noticed.

4. In which section of a magazine may this text appear?

A．Sport.

B．Science.

C．Education.

D．Health.

7 . A Guide to Disney World Tickets

The Disney World Ticket System may seem complicated(复杂的).This guide to Disney World Tickets will help you decide which Disney World Ticket is the best choice for you and your family.

Walt Disney World Base Ticket

Start with your base ticket-Magic Your Way Base Ticket-and add on options if you need them.

You decide how many days you want to visit the four Disney World theme parks-the Magic Kingdom, Disney's MGM Studios, Animal Kingdom, and EPCOT. Magic Your Way Base Tickets are available from 1 to 10 days. The more days you pay for, the cheaper the per-day cost gets.

Disney Ticket No-Expiration Option

Every Base Ticket expires(到期) 14 days after you first use it. You can add the no-expiration option to your Base Ticket so that your unused days never expire.

Disney Water Park Fun and More

The Base Ticket only covers admission to the 4 theme parks. If you want to visit Blizzard Beach, Typhoon Lagoon, Disney's Wide World of Sports, or Disney Quest you need another Disney ticket or you can add on the Water Park Fun and More option to your Base Ticket. The amount of visits to the Water Park or Disney Quest depends on the number of days on your Base Ticket. So a 2-Day Ticket with Water Park Fun and More will give you 2 visits to the Water Parks; a 4-Day will give you 4 visits and so on.

Disney Park Hopper Ticket

The Base Ticket allows you to visit one Disney park each day. The Disney Park Hopper option lets you move from one park to another on the same day. So if you started in Animal Kingdom you could move to Magic Kingdom or one of the other theme parks on the same day.

The cost for this option is $ 53.25 per ticket regardless of the number of days you have on your Base Ticket. So it may be a good option for a 10-day ticket but not so great for a 2-day. It does take time to transfer(移动)between parks-Disney World is huge-so work out whether this is going to be the way your family want to visit.

1. Which would you purchase if you wanted your Base Ticket to be available within a year?

A．Disney Ticket No-Expiration Option.	B．Magic Your Way Base Ticket.
C．Disney Park Hopper Ticket.	D．Disney Water Park Fun and More.

2. What is the purpose of adding Disney Park Hopper option to the Base Ticket?

A．To visit the Disney Water Park.	B．To visit one theme park per day.
C．To visit more than one theme park per day.	D．To visit the theme parks all the year around.

3. Where would you probably find this passage?

A．On a factory website.	B．In a travel brochure.
C．On a school notice board.	D．In a fashion publication.

8 . A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices. Specifically, the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.

For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad results—it is also about developing good ones.

In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries. Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school. Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol.

In the report titled “The Importance of Family Dinners”, researchers say that “teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives”. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.

Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long-term physical and mental health benefits. These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks. These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive (好斗的).

Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents “likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions, discussions of social issues and day-to-day concerns”. She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others.

1. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Advantages of eating with parents.	B．Benefits of eating alone.
C．Ways of developing social skills.	D．Dangers of using drugs and alcohol.

2. Which is the benefit of eating with the families?

A．Abuse drugs and alcohol.	B．Drink more sugary soft drinks.
C．Get on well with their parents.	D．Be more socially active and aggressive.

3. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?

A．To introduce a famous person.	B．To offer background information.
C．To explain further.	D．To show the disadvantage of eating with parents.

4. Where does the passage most probably come from?

A．A popular novel.	B．A travel magazine.
C．A science report.	D．A biology textbook.

9 . Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing(冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.

The do-not-wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.

But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.

The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli(大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are_other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys:melting and cooking.

To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.

1. People don't accept USDA 's advice because__________

A．the advice is relatively new.

B．cooks clean the turkey before cooking it.

C．heat can kill most. germs and no one eats raw food.

D．cleaning seems more trustworthy.

2. What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?

A．Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.

B．Food packages carry germs.

C．Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.

D．Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.

3. Which way may help to cook a turkey safely?

A．Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.

B．Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.

C．Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.

D．Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.

4. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?

A．Cooking.

B．Technology.

C．Medicine

D．Science.

10 . Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.

According to the study, published in The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.

Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.

MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).

Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams.

The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi(蘑菇) and brain function.

The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors, further studies may be required. Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings. ''This relevance is surprising and encouraging, '' Lei said.

Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine (麦角硫茵氨基酸) — a substance which we humans can’t make on our own.

1. What aspect of research did researchers mainly do in paragraph 3?

A．Culture of diets.	B．Existence of MCI.
C．The types of mushrooms.	D．The benefit of eating mushrooms.

2. What can we know about MCI?

A．It can affect memory seriously.

B．It can result in language problems.

C．It can make people easy to be lost.

D．It can reduce the chance of forgetfulness.

3. What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?

A．They love communicating with others.

B．Their thinking ability is quicker than the majority.

C．Their processing speed will be faster.

D．Their academic performance improves significantly.

4. Where is this passage most likely from?

A．A science report.	B．An advertisement.
C．Adult’s literature.	D．Scientific fiction.