1 . An 85-year-old primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine.” The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.
Urbanization（都市化）has continued to significantly threaten architectural heritage. In the capital Beijing, for instance, more than 1,000 acres of its historic hutongs and traditional courtyard homes were destroyed between 1990 and 2010.
In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics’ protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.
These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks.
“Relocation is not the first choice, but better than destroying,” said Lan, the Shanghai primary school’s project supervisor. “I’d rather not touch the historical buildings at all.” Building relocations he said however, are “a workable option.” “The central government is putting more emphasis on the protection of historical buildings. I’m happy to see that progress in recent years.”
Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.
“We have to preserve the historical building no matter what, ” Lan said. “The relocation has challenges, but in general, it is cheaper than destroying and then rebuilding something in a new location.”
1. How did cities respond to the loss of historical sites?| A．They criticized the developers. | B．They rebuilt the historic hutongs. |
| C．They ended the significant threat. | D．They proposed the protection project. |
| A．All original form. | B．A new addition. | C．A cinema. | D．A temple. |
| A．Provide strong evidence. | B．Introduce different opinions. |
| C．Summarize previous paragraphs. | D．Add some background information. |
| A．Walking Machine: a New Technology | B．Rebuilding: a New Option for Relics |
| C．Old Building Torn down for Modern Use | D．Historical Site “Walks” to New Life |
2 . The history of microbiology begins with Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s. Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses（放大镜）he used to examine cloth, built some of the first-microscopes. He developed technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”.
His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes（微生物）. Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.
Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhock’s discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek’s original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: “My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore; whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”
1. Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?| A．trained researcher with an interest in microbiology |
| B．A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbes |
| C．A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease |
| D．A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery |
| A．the discovery of microbes |
| B．Pasteur’s theory of disease |
| C．Leeuwenhoek’s contribution |
| D．the origin of the tiny organism |
| A．He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance. |
| B．He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs. |
| C．He was greatly concerned with improving people’s living conditions. |
| D．He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress |
a. Magnifying lenses were built.
b. The “theory of disease” was put forward
c. Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
d. Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes were successfully developed.
e. Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
| A．a-d-c-e-b | B．d-a-c-e-b | C．a-c-d-b-e | D．d-a-e-b-c |
3 . The terraced rapeseed(油菜)flower hills of Jiangling, Wuyuan is well-known as one of the four “seas of flowers” in China, attracting thousands of plant-loving tourists to come and appreciate and photograph the vast and endless rapeseed flower fields.
“Rapeseed flowers are the messenger of spring,” said Bin Zhan, manager of Jiangxi Wuyuan Tourism, “Jiangling is the best place for a relaxing spring trip to enjoy the most visually impressive views of golden seas of rapeseed blossoms covering layered terrace fields”.
The rapeseed blossom in the terraced fields of Jiangling, located 45 kilometres to the northeast of Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province, reached full bloom in the second week of March.
This year. Wuyuan restores ancient farming traditions and practices to give visitors an idea or the history ，culture and folk customs of the county by adding scarecrows(稻草人) in the rapeseed flower fields. The creative scarecrows of Wuyuan County are designed in the shapes of popular cartoon characters, Hui-style architecture and folk customs. They are placed in the rapeseed fields to provide more fun and interactions for visitors on flower viewing tours.
“As flower viewing is becoming more popular in recent years, Jiangling is seeing a growing number of returning visitors, especially professional photograph who come back every year for the dramatic rapeseed blossoms,” Zhan said. “The blossoms only last one to two months. April is the last chance to catch a flower-viewing tour this year.”
In addition to flower viewing, Wuyuan County is also home to the most well-protected ancient Hui-style architecture in China. As one of the most beautiful countryside villages in China, it attracts photographers from around the world every year to document not only the natural scenery, but also the unique farming culture and folk traditions.
1. Which is NOT one of the features of the rapeseed blossoms of Jiangling？| A．The rapeseed fields cover a limited area. |
| B．The rapeseed is planted on layered terraces. |
| C．Rapeseed flowers blossom, at the beginning of spring. |
| D．When the flowers blossom, the fields are like a golden sea. |
| A．Folk customs. | B．Hui-style buildings. |
| C．Creative scarecrows. | D．Models of popular cartoon characters. |
| A．Returning visitors get discount when entering Jiangling. |
| B．Visitors could catch the last flower viewing tour in May. |
| C．It is in March and April that Jiangling has the most visitors. |
| D．Not many professional photographers will go to see the blossoms. |
| A．To introduce Wuyuan County as a tourist destination. |
| B．To report how many people visited Jiangling this year. |
| C．To introduce the history of rapeseed farming in Jiangling. |
| D．To remind visitors the best viewing time for rapeseed blossoms. |
4 . Several large companies have begun creating paper bottles to take the place of glass and plastic ones. Paper bottles aren’t quite ready to go yet, but you may see them appearing on shelves over the next few years.
Customers have become more worried about the environment, so many companies have begun working to develop paper bottles. Paper bottles have many benefits. Perhaps the most important is that they can be easily recycled. Paper bottles also weigh less than glass or plastic ones, meaning they’ll require less energy to produce and to move around. Since paper is soft and easy to be shaped, companies can design their bottles to take almost any shape they choose.
A company called Paboco has been working with many large companies to develop paper bottles. The companies are creating their own bottle designs, but they’re sharing what they learn to speed up the development of paper bottle technology.
Clearly, one of the biggest challenges is keeping a paper bottle from leaking (漏). Many companies are lining (做内衬) their bottles with a thin sheet of plastic. Though bottle makers may say they can be removed, many recycling programs don’t have the right machines to handle them.
A company named Diageo has just announced the first paper bottle that is completely plastic-free. Instead of a plastic liner, a non-plastic coating will be used on the inside of the bottles. This should make the bottle fully recyclable. But even without the plastic, paper bottles aren’t perfect, which means more trees need to be cut down to make the bottles.
There’s still lots of testing to be done before paper bottles can replace glass or plastic ones. But with so many companies working toward the same goal, it’s likely that we can expect to see paper bottles on store shelves in the near future.
1. What is the greatest advantage of paper bottles according to the passage?| A．They are lighter than plastic or glass ones. |
| B．They are soft and can be easily shaped. |
| C．They can be moved around with less energy. |
| D．They are easy to recycle and environmentally friendly. |
| A．It’s cooperating with some other large companies. |
| B．It’s creating its own bottle designs. |
| C．It’s studying how to prevent paper bottles from leaking alone. |
| D．It’s trying to keep its technology secret from others. |
| A．Many companies. | B．The paper bottles. |
| C．The thin sheets of plastic. | D．Bottle makers. |
| A．A non-plastic coating is the best solution to the problem of pollution. |
| B．Paper bottles still need to be improved before appearing in stores. |
| C．Paper bottles have taken the place of glass or plastic ones so far. |
| D．Many companies are working toward the same goal. |
5 . It is often said that Western Europeans speak English. From traveling all through Europe, I know that this is not entirely true. Some regions of Europe have a 90% of English speaking rate, while in other parts, English is generally a tongue which is impossible to understand. The divide, it seems, lies with the Romance languages.
In Scandinavia, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the rest of the Western European nonRomance language speaking regions, English seems to be understood and spoken just like the people's first tongue. In Iceland, I have never experienced English was spoken so well and so widely by a nonnative speaking country. And I have almost never met a Dutch person who did not speak English almost as well as my countrymen.
But when you move to the south of Western Europe a little, something happens. English becomes a less useful language for traveling. You just cross over the Romance language barrier (障碍) and into Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy, where English is spoken at a rate that does not seem to be much higher than in China, Latin America, or Southeast Asia.
Traveling through Europe and working in hotels around the world that are popular with Europeans have given me a deeper view of their usage of foreign languages. The northern Europeans can often speak five or six languages, while the Romance speakers hardly know more than their birth tongue. And if you think that Spanish and Italian are so similar that their speakers can understand each other, I tell you that this is completely wrong. Spaniards and Italians don't even understand each other. It is also not a fact that people from both of these countries can communicate in French; only those who put a large amount of effort into learning English or have lived abroad for years can speak English well.
People often say that French people really understand English but refuse to speak it, but from watching hundreds of French travelers over the years struggle with English abroad as well as friends in France trying in vain to communicate with me, I know that this is not true. English is simply not widely spoken there outside the large cities.
1. What can we learn from the passage?| A．In Iceland, English is not spoken very well. |
| B．A Dutch person can almost speak English as well as the author himself. |
| C．Spanish and Italian are so similar that their speakers can understand each other easily. |
| D．English is as widely spoken as French in France. |
| A．American | B．Dutchman | C．Frenchman | D．Chinese |
| A．Western Europeans speak English. |
| B．French people really understand English but refuse to speak it. |
| C．Hundreds of French travelers struggle with English abroad. |
| D．Friends in France try in vain to communicate with me in English. |
| A．A geography textbook. | B．A fashion magazine. |
| C．A travel journal. | D．A news report. |
6 . In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?| A．His friends' invitation. | B．His interest in the country. |
| C．His love for teaching. | D．His desire to regain health. |
| A．Developing a serious mental disease. |
| B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. |
| C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. |
| D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. |
| A．Romantic. | B．Eventful. | C．Pleasant. | D．Dangerous. |
| A．To introduce a book. | B．To explain a cultural phenomenon. |
| C．To remember a writer. | D．To recommend a travel destination. |
7 . In life，once on a path，we tend to follow it，for better or worse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that wed don't even recognize that they could be different This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness.
This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap: People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly.
Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax. The psychologists had, of course, arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the paraffin (石蜡) doesn't stick to the wall. So how can you complete the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall. and stand the candle inside it. To think of that, you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a receptacle just for tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness.
The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase“frozen thoughts”to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt's eyes, the self- content reliance on such accepted “truths”also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them.
Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said,“It can be found in highly intelligent people.”
1. What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．The experiment. | B．Functional fixedness. |
| C．The path. | D．The thinking. |
| A．Tacking the candle to the wall. |
| B．Fixing the candle with melted wax. |
| C．Using the tack box as a candle-holder. |
| D．Lighting the candle to stand it. |
| A．People should question. |
| B．We should be used to the way things are. |
| C．People shouldn't accept the idea that doesn't fit their worldview. |
| D．The smarter people are，the more open to the new things they are. |
| A．An interesting experiment |
| B．A psychological phenomenon. |
| C．A theory to be proved. |
| D．The opinion of Hannah Arendt. |
8 . A good way to look at failure straight in the face is by writing a failure resume(简历)or CV. Like social media，there，we usually only see our friends’“highlight part”. When we look at others’resumes，we get scared and think how ours doesn’t measure up. But even the most accomplished people have plenty of failure behind them—we just don’t see it.
Stefan felt this deeply as a scientist，so she wrote a different CV which of course boasted (夸耀)about her good grades，PhD，and published papers. But the way she deals with her failure CV is a model of what we could a11 do.
“My CV does not reflect my great academic efforts—it does not mention the exams I failed，my unsuccessful PhD or scholarship applications，or the papers never accepted for publication. During the interviews，I talk about the one project that worked，not about the many that failed，”writes Stefan in a column for Nature.com.
Stefan suggests keeping a draft on which you log，casually but regularly，every unsuccessful application，refused grant proposal and rejected paper.
And that’s the point：not to consider what we got wrong，but to use that information to both look at failure and realize it’s really okay，and also to use our failures for another purpose：as learning tools.
The point is to be real—with ourselves and about how the world works. Being real means taking an honest，critical，but also kind look at what we didn’t get right，and then doing our best to change what we can. Instead of focusing on how that failure makes you feel，take the time to step back and analyze the practical，operational reasons that you failed.
So，prctice being okay with failure，and turning your failures into lessons learned. And yes，sometimes we have to learn those lessons more than once，letting go of what you can’t change. And keep moving forward to success.
1. What does the underlined word“it”in the first paragraph refer to?| A．Plenty of failure. | B．A failure resume. |
| C．Highlight part. | D．Social media. |
| A．A11 her failures in her career. |
| B．Benefits she got from her failures. |
| C．The content of her own resume. |
| D．The difference between her resume and others’. |
| A．Regard failures as part of our life. |
| B．Keep a record of our failures. |
| C．Value our achievements. |
| D．Long for failures. |
| A．No pains，no gains. |
| B．A11 roads lead to Rome. |
| C．Where there is a will，there is a way. |
| D．Failure is the mother of success. |
9 . In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too dull.
Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s misfortune.
Before the school year ended, I gave the kids a special gift, T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your Friends ” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull , most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his graduation from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before . Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck. Another time, he lent a friend money to buy a house.
Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and opened it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a note from Freddy’s mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this. ”
I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn’t help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us, we all took something from Freddy.
1. What do the underlined words “The Thinking Laboratory” in paragraph 1 refer to?| A．The elementary school where the kids studied. |
| B．“Room104”in which the kids studied. |
| C．The workshop in which the kids carried out experiments. |
| D．The high school which was fun as well as dull. |
| A．She hardly kept in touch with her former students. |
| B．She wrote the passage in 2013 or so. |
| C．She was very strict with her students. |
| D．She gave the kids special gifts after the school year. |
| A．modest and daring. | B．outstanding and calm. |
| C．generous and creative. | D．warm-hearted and caring. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Disapproving. |
| C．Uninterested. | D．Appreciative. |
10 . Life in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That’s what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.
According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for real-life relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web’s influence on daily activities. 36％ of those people are online for more than five hours a week.” As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating (孤立的) effect on society,” says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.
Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the “isolating” point. While 13％ of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones, 60％ reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that E-mail is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads (网虫)spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via E-mails, “that’s a move toward greater connectedness,” says Paul Resnick, a professor at the University of Michigan.
This isn’t the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-area families’ Net use for a year. People who used the Internet more “talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed.” says Robert Kraut.
“It’s true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented,” says Thomas Putnam.
As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different.
1. Who claimed that the Web had negative influence?| A．Paul Resnick. | B．Robert Kraut. |
| C．Thomas Putnam. | D．Amitay Etzioni. |
| A．the opinion expressed in Bowling Alone |
| B．the survey made by the University of Michigan |
| C．the conclusion in a report written in 1998 |
| D．the study conducted by Stanford University |
| A．watching TV used to take time away from staying online |
| B．the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effect |
| C．36％ of web users spend more than five hours a week online |
| D．the Web has the same influence as telephones and televisions |
| A．how we can make a better use of the Internet |
| B．how declines in social connectedness appear |
| C．whether the Internet causes an isolating effect |
| D．what a different life the Internet brings to us |
