| A．History. | B．News. | C．Sports. |
| A．At about 7. | B．At about 8. | C．At about 9. |
3 . Top 4 Ecotourism Destinations in the World
Travelling often comes with an environmental cost一but by choosing to travel more responsibly and sustainably, you can help to reduce the negative effects of tourism. Here are four destinations that have already signed up to a more sustainable way of life.
Costa Rica
So, you want to escape? Imagine a country that’s one -quarter national park, a place where you could hike in a rainforest in the morning and surf tropical waves in the afternoon. Imagine an adventure Eden where all kinds of unique animals run before your eyes.
That country is Costa Rica Conservation has been developed here since the 1970s, with measures to protect areas, close z00S and reverse deforestation.
About 80% of the Osa Peninsula is protected; much of it is in Corcovado National Park, where visitors can follow guided trips with local groups. Activity options range from rainforest hikes to whale-watching, diving at Isla del Cano and surfing at Cabo Matapalo.
Finland
It’s a nation where 80 percent of the territory is covered by forests Meanwhile, Finland’s air and water is claimed to be the clearest.
The Finish Tourist Board has launched the Sustainable Finland programme to help visitors plan the most eco-friendly travels and engage with nature and local culture, knowing every step of their trip has been looked at from an economical, ecological, social and cultural perspective.
Bhutan
Until 1974, the Kingdom of Bhutan remained closed to tourism. Then one day, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck declared Bhutan open to visitors. Today, only those who have booked guided tours through approved travel agencies can enter Bhutan. Permits are charged at a peak- season nightly rate of ＄250 per person, which includes a 37 percent tax that goes towards improving infrastructure (基础设施) and strengthening the healthcare and the education systems. This strict policy means tourism is controlled, with local life largely untouched by its impact.
Botswana
As one of the most convenient locations to spot the “Big Five”, Botswana’s infrastructure has long been under pressure to meet the demands of the world’s safari (游猎) market. Thankfully, the team at Great Plains Safari has been taking measures to minimize impact and invest in community-based opportunities to help local villages develop. One such measure is a kids’conservation camp, where children are invited to week-long courses to learn about their surroundings, the value of conservation and the role of environmental tourism.
1. What can tourists do in Costa Rica?| A．Camp and swim. | B．Hike and hunt. |
| C．Watch and catch whales. | D．Dive and surf. |
| A．It is no longer a location to spot the “Big Five”. |
| B．Children don’t care about environmental tourism. |
| C．The government invests little in local development |
| D．Its infrastructure has been impacted by the safari market. |
| A．Costa Rica | B．Finland | C．Bhutan | D．Botswana |
4 . The input Dad has on my career is incomparable. My earliest memories are of Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening to his favourite song by his favourite singer, and encouraging his little girl to poke (戳) keys randomly on the piano. Even watching Top of the Pops, he would get so passionate about music in it. We weren’t a religious family, but there was something spiritual about Dad’s connection with music.
Music also became a source of comfort for me. I failed to do well academically at school and had no friends. Being at school consumed so much of my emotional energy. Instead of going to school to learn stuff, I felt as though I was simply trying to get people to like me. Things were better, but the only time I truly felt happy was when I was at home listening to music with Mum and Dad or writing songs on the piano —and the older I got, the more powerful music felt.
Dad was always my biggest supporter. When I started giving live performances at the local bar, he was the one who drove me there and back. Freeing up that time wasn’t easy for an actor. His job might mean three weeks in the Czech Republic or working with George Lucas on The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones in Hollywood.
Dad has been involved with some amazing stuff, but Daddy Pig is the one that’s had the biggest impact all over the world. When I was flying to Australia for my first tour, I was trying to find something to watch on the little screen and I noticed they had Peppa Pig. If I’m missing home and family, I always put it on. Daddy Pig is a fairly real version of my dad —he loves chocolate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying to mend them. Mum and Dad were friends with one of the producers of the show and I often wonder if he looked at my dad and thought, “That’s him …that’s Daddy Pig.”
1. What can we learn about the author’s father?| A．He was good at writing songs. |
| B．He was attached to music in his soul. |
| C．He encouraged her to play the guitar. |
| D．He was passionate about watching TV series. |
| A．By picking her up in a tight schedule. |
| B．By doing a demanding job as an actor. |
| C．By watching her musical performances. |
| D．By giving live performances at the local bar. |
| A．It’s her favourite childhood cartoon. |
| B．She saw her father through Daddy Pig. |
| C．She took pride in this world famous cartoon. |
| D．It’s a cartoon about her hometown and motherland. |
| A．Funny and honest. | B．Strict and hardworking. |
| C．Famous and patient. | D．Supportive and influential. |
5 . Nearly half of all employees are close to “breaking point” at work due to increased stress levels. A survey of 2,000 professionals found the average working adult feels stressed for almost a third of their working day.
The mounting pressure faced in their job also contributes to five hours of lost sleep per employee every week. Checking work emails after hours, last-minute deadlines, having to do a speech or presentation and an overly demanding manager were named as some of the biggest causes of workplace stress.
It also revealed that in the average week, employees will complain about their boss for 31 minutes and their job in general for another two hours and 45 minutes. Richard Jenkins, psychologist and spokesman for well-being charity CABA, said: “Everyone will experience pressure day-to-day.”
“A level of pressure can actually make us work better, however too much pressure that rises to an unmanageable level leads to stress. The working public needs to know how to manage their pressure to avoid reaching boiling point. Some people cope by blowing off steam through physical activity like the gym or going for a run while for some, things like breathing exercises can help. Everyone will have a strategy that they find works better to help them release the pressure. Unfortunately, in many cases we don’t introduce these decompressing (减压) moments in our lives which can help release the pressure and reduce stress. Finding ways to manage your stress is essential, it is also worth addressing the root causes of your stress to try to manage the source rather than just treat the symptoms.”
The study also found seven in 10 adults have vented about their workplace to a colleague, partner, family member or friend. 46 percent of those who have felt stressed at work didn’t end up doing anything about it, hoping the problem would go away on its own. Of those who do take action, 38 percent have told their manager about it, while 51 percent have gone for a walk to cool down.
1. What is the possible result of pressure faced by workers?| A．Giving a public presentation. | B．His demanding department head. |
| C．Loss of about 5 hours’ sleep weekly. | D．Constantly checking email after work. |
| A．Pressure will not do you any good in your daily life. |
| B．It’s better to turn to medicine when one is faced with great stress. |
| C．Women tend to feel more pressure at work than their male colleagues. |
| D．Almost everybody will adopt his own way to deal with their stress in their lives. |
| A．complained. | B．argued. | C．wandered. | D．asked. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Objective. | C．Positive. | D．Negative. |
6 . Boasting a long history, China is home to many famous paintings, which are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.
Nymph of the Luo River-Gu Kaizhi
The legend has it that Cao Zhi fell in love with the governor’s daughter. However, she married his brother and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.
Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang
During the Tang Dynasty, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan
Zhang Zeduan depicted (描绘) the landscape in his work. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng
Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.
1. Where do you think this passage is taken from?| A．A novel. | B．A travel brochure. |
| C．A magazine. | D．A book review. |
| A．Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting. |
| B．Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Gu Kaizhi. |
| C．Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece when he was at the age of seventy. |
| D．Zhang Zeduan described daily life of the people of Bianjing in his works. |
| A．Nymph of the Luo River——Gu Kaizhi. |
| B．A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng. |
| C．Court Ladies Adorming Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang. |
| D．Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan. |
7 . Pinocchio may be just a children’s story, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated the so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow longer when we tell a lie, but actually get a little bit smaller.
Dr. Gómez Milán and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermal (热成像的) cameras to tell if people were lying, and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of their nose dropped up to 1.2℃, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1.5℃. They also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to become slightly smaller, although the difference could not be seen by the human eye. “One has to think in order to lie, which raises the temperature of the forehead,” Dr. Gómez Milán explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers the temperature of the nose.”
For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while being scanned by thermal cameras. One of these tasks involved making a 3-to-4-minute call to their parents, partners or friends and telling an important lie. Participants had to make up the lie themselves during the call, and the thermal cameras picked up this “opposite Pinocchio effect” caused by the changes in temperature in the nose and forehead.
Interestingly, the thermal lie detector picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test participants, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector used by the police. “With this method we have increased accuracy and reduce the chances of ‘false positives’, something that is frequent with other methods,” said Dr. Gómez Milán, who added that police could one day combine other lie detection technology with their technology to achieve better results.
1. Why did the temperature of the participants’ foreheads go up during the test?| A．They felt ashamed. | B．They had to think hard. |
| C．They were scared. | D．They got embarrassed. |
| A．The nose becomes smaller. | B．The nose gets longer. |
| C．The temperature gets higher. | D．The temperature remains the same. |
| A．The thermal lie detector may assist the police. |
| B．The thermal lie detector has proven a popular one. |
| C．Researchers conducted the study by interviewing. |
| D．Researchers designed different lies for participants. |
| A．Will Lie Detectors Tell the Truth? | B．Will Thermal Technology Be Reliable? |
| C．Will Lying Make Your Nose Longer? | D．Will Lying Make Your Temperature Rise? |
8 . The Department of English at Yale teaches more than 100 English majors to graduates and the majority of freshmen in Yale College. The courses are designed to develop students' understanding of important works of English, and other literatures in English and to provide a historical perspective from which to read and analyze these works.
INTRODUCTION TO THEORY OF LITERATURE
WITH PAUL H. FRY
This is a survey of the main trends in twentieth-century literary theory. Lectures will provide background for the readings, while providing social perspectives on the questions: what is literature, how is it produced, how can it be understood, and what is its purpose?
MILTON
WITH JOHN ROGERS
This class is a study of Milton's poetry, with attention paid to his literary sources, his contemporaries, his controversial prose, and his decisive influence on the course of English poetry. Lectures include close readings of poetry, prose, and letters; examinations of historical and political contexts.
MODERN POETRY
WITH LANGDON HAMMER
This course covers the body of modern poetry, its characteristic techniques, concerns, and major poets. The authors discussed range from Yeats, Eliot, to Stevens, Moore, and Frost with additional lectures on the poetry of World War One, Imagism. Diverse methods of literary criticism are employed, such as historical, biographical, and gender criticism.
THE AMERICAN NOVEL SINCE 1945
WITH AMY HUNGERFORD
In “The American Novel Since 1945” students will study a wide range of works from 1945 to the present. The course traces the formal and thematic developments of the novel in this period, focusing on the relationship between writers and readers, the conditions of publishing, and the changing place of literature in American culture.
1. Students majoring in English at Yale will ______.| A．take more than 100 English courses |
| B．have a different opinion on history |
| C．well understand English literatures |
| D．easily analyze a historical work |
| A．They deal with poetry. |
| B．They focus on criticism. |
| C．They include many poets. |
| D．They refer to history. |
| A．Paul H. Fry's. | B．John Roger'. |
| C．Langdon Hammer's. | D．Amy Hungerford's. |
| A．At a hospital. | B．At a gym. | C．At a school. |
10 . Designed exclusively (专门地) for school, education, or community groups, these organized tours offer a great introduction to Stanford University. Group tours include: The Main Quad, Memorial Church, and White Plaza, so book ahead!
ABOUT THE TOUR
Duration: 1 hour
Cost
The charge for group tours varies depending on the size and type of group.
Group Tour Rates: Schools and non-profit organizations | |
| Group Size | Tour Fee |
| 9-25 | ＄40.00 |
| 26-50 | ＄55.00 |
| 51-75 | ＄75.00 |
| 76-100 | ＄95.00 |
Schedule
| Group tours for winter and spring 2021 will be available at: | |
| Winter（Dec-Feb)（Tues-Thurs) | Spring（Mar-June)（Tues-Thurs) |
| 10:30 am | 10:30 am |
| 1:00 pm | 1:00 pm |
2:30 pm | 2:30 pm |
| 3:30 pm | |
For reservations, please follow the steps provided below in the section labeled Reservations. For questions, please contact: grouptour@stanford.edu, or call (555)-725-3335.
Summer Schedule: Group tours during the summer session cater to (面向) Stanford-run programs and educational groups only. The Summer 2021 Group Tour schedule will be posted in the spring.
Reservations（预约）
All groups of nine or more people must reserve in advance. As a rule, we give first priority(优先）to academic groups-domestic or international-that are sponsored (赞助) by the school or institution itself. We also prioritize by dates the requests are sent in. We no longer book group tours through third parties (i.e.travel agencies, tour operators).
To request a group tour, please email us at grouptour@stanford.edu with the following information:
Your name and contact information (email, office phone and cell phone number)
·Name and description of your group
·Total size of group (students and chaperones)
·Nature of visit
·Day-of-visit contact number for group
·Preferred dates (from the current availability above)
We no longer accept new reservations by phone. If you are coming to campus with a group of 8 or fewer, you may join one of our Campus Walking Tours - no reservation is required.
Additional information: All tours are conducted in English, and visiting groups with non-English speaking participants must provide their own interpreter(s)(译员）.
1. If a group of 30 high school students plan to tour around Stanford University, how much do they have to pay altogether?| A．$40.00 | B．$55.00 | C．$75.00 | D．$95.00 |
| A．10:30 am, Friday. | B．1:00 pm, Tuesday. | C．1:30 pm, Wednesday. | D．3:30 pm, Saturday. |
| A．By writing an email. | B．By making a call. |
| C．By registering on the Stanford website. | D．By booking it at travel agencies. |
| A．Tell what language your group needs. |
| B．Submit photos of all group members. |
| C．Choose a preferred date for the tour. |
| D．Choose whether to join in Campus Walking Tours. |
