1 . 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was somewhere between spring and summer, and my mom and I were driving through the countryside. Back then, I was 13 years old, and always felt unhappy with Mom. But I didn’t know that this trip was going to be a special one.

A pot of flowers sat in the back seat, whose heavenly fragrance(香味)filled the car. Suddenly, in the middle of nowhere, my mom stopped the car. “What are you doing?” I shouted, fearing that the car had broken down and we’d be trapped there, so far from home. But that wasn’t the case. My mom jumped out of the car, grabbing(抓)the flowers from the back seat. “It’ll just be a minute,” she called back through the open windows.

I impatiently looked at the side of the road before finding a little sign showing that it was a nursing home. I looked back to the building, a little annoyed, as my mom reappeared ——empty- handed.

Before she started the car, curiosity drove me to ask, “Do you know someone there?” She shook her head. “Then what did you do with the flowers?” She smiled slightly, “I gave them to the receptionist (前台接待员).” “What?” She laughed at my confusion. “I told the receptionist to give the flowers to whoever needed them, especially those who haven’t gotten any in a while.”

I kept silent for a moment. Not long after we continued our driving, I spoke again, “Did you leave your name?” To this, she answered instantly, “No. Leaving flowers there for someone who will appreciate them makes me feel good, which is enough of a thank for me.”

Suddenly, still thinking about Mom’s deeds, I heard something burst loudly. It was our car that broke down! Nothing could be worse, because neither my mom nor I understood how to repair it, and we didn’t know where the garage was. It also seemed impossible to wait for any passer-by, since we had seen so few people along the way.

注意：1. 续写的短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1

We were worrying about what could be done.

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Paragraph 2

As we drove along, a flower shop came into sight on the road.

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2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

It was time to go home. “Remember to work on your class speeches for homework,” Miss Walker said as everyone started talking and packing their school bags. Jenny felt sick. She hated having to read aloud in class. She was sure everyone would get really bored with listening to her. Once, when Jenny was reading out her holiday diary, Lee was even looking at his watch, a silver and blue one which seemed just magical.

Jenny watched Lee walk ahead of her as they left school. He seemed so clever, and he had a certain sort of shining confidence. He was just one of those people who were good at everything. Jenny sighed. As she turned the corner, she saw Lee’s watch lying right in the middle of the path.

Jenny picked it up and wanted to return it to Lee, but she couldn’t catch up with him. When she arrived home, Jenny put it on, thinking about the magic. She was surprised that it fitted so well. She walked to the mirror and started practicing her speech. Words just flooded out of her. “I’m going to talk about swimming. I have been lucky. I’ve won lots of competitions. But when I’m in a race, I’m not really thinking about winning. I’m just loving the feeling of being in the water…” Jenny laughed with excitement. She walked across the room. She suddenly seemed to have a certain sort of confidence. Turning back to the minor, Jenny saw a flash of light from the watch in the glass. The flashes of silver seemed almost magical. So maybe Lee’s watch really did have something magical.

The next day, as the lesson began, Miss Walker ask cd who was going to be brave and go first. Nobody moved, Jenny slowly raised her arm. Before Miss Walker could say something, there was a shout “She’s stolen in y watch!” Lee said angrily. “It went missing at school yesterday.”

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段. 每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:

Everybody was fixing their eyes on Jenny, waiting for an explanation,

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Paragraph 2:

Miss Walker smiled and asked the class lo listen lo Jenny’s speech first.

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4 . How can teenagers keep themselves from suffering from loneliness? Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.

    1     A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria (餐厅) won't make you best friends.But it will make you both feel good.It can also make it easier to interact the next time，and the time after that.

Find a safe place to make connections.If going to the dancing party makes you feel like you just don't belong，try joining a special-interest group.Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band.Just because you feel left out in one group doesn't mean you'll feel like an outsider in every other one.    2    

Find other ways of making connections.Lonely people hunger for friendship.Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others rather than waiting for them to make you feel better.    3     Help a child in reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.You might be surprised at the connections you make.

Choose the right people.Loneliness is an absence of quality friendship，not of a particular quantity of friends.    4     The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.

You get what you expect，so expect the best.If you expect others to be friendly，you will behave in proper ways that encourage people to be friendlier to you.It can be hard work to be positive toward others.    5    

A．Loneliness won't last long.

B．So consider becoming a volunteer.

C．Reach out to others but start small.

D．This harmful attitude can continue into adulthood.

E．That's why it's important to know how to select a friend.

F．Look for a group that allows you to feel comfortable gradually.

G．But starting the first step of positive expectations can make all the difference.

5 . In the third century BC, the full stop, or period, was introduced by Greek literary critic Aristophanes of Byzantium. This punctuation mark is used to show the end of a sentence.

However, the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s, who interpret this punctuation mark as a sign of anger. And there is a reason for that.

The younger generation has grown up using the texts as their primary means of communication.

When sending messages, they tend to break up their thoughts by sending each one as a separate message, instead of using a full stop. Some have said the full stop is redundant when used in texting because the message is ended just by sending it.

According to the Telegraph, linguist Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in the Netherlands, tweeted: “If you send a text message without a full stop, it's already obvious that you've concluded the message.” “So if you add that additional marker for completion, they will read something into it and it tends to be a falling intonation or negative tone.”

David Crystal, one of the world's leading language experts, argues that the usage of full stops is being “revised in a really fundamental way”. In his book Making a Point, he says that the punctuation mark has become an “emotion marker" that reminds the recipient that the sender is angry or annoyed.

Though the full stop has taken on a different meaning to the younger generation, experts noted that it is important to take context into account. For example, using full stops in an email is perfectly acceptable and is not considered rude.

1. What does the underlined word "redundant" probably mean?

A．Clear.

B．Unacceptable.

C．Unnecessary.

D．Old-fashioned.

2. What can we learn from Fonteyn's words?

A．Using the full stop improves communication.

B．The usage of the full stop is changing for the worse.

C．A text message is quite different from spoken language.

D．The full stop in text messages can show senders' emotions.

3. What do language experts suggest people do when using the full stop?

A．Consider different situations.	B．Check who the recipient is.
C．Take it as an “emotion marker”.	D．Follow the culture of the young generation.

4. What does the article mainly talk about?

A．The history of punctuation marks.	B．A new meaning to the full stop.
C．Correct ways to use the full stop.	D．Different views on punctuation marks.

7 . The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink (眨眼).

The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.

Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel (新奇的) experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in tun, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.

“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.

The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don’t measure time using clocks—many cultures depend instead on celestial, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive (认知) scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.

But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.

What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.

Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare—and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know.” he says.

1. What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage?

A．It has nothing to do with one's income.

B．Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.

C．It is a thing that is completely understood.

D．It marks every passing second for a person.

2. How can income influence a person according to some researchers?

A．Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.

B．Wealthy people may feel life is relatively shorter psychologically.

C．Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.

D．Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.

3. What is Monica Capri’s opinion?

A．She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time.

B．She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.

C．She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.

D．She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The brain can change your feeling of time.

B．Many factors can influence how you feel time.

C．Your subjective time may depend on your income.

D．Researchers are exploring memory and subjective time.

8 . Based on bone and tooth records, mammoths（猛犸象）were thought to have gone extinct about 12,000 years ago. But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil.

Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt. Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）.

"Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA," says McMaster University geneticist Tyler Murchie. "We can't afford to lose whatever we can get."

In the new approach, soil samples are got and then broken into smaller portions, stirred and run through a "cold spin method" to separate as much DNA as possible. The DNA is then compared against an existing genetic library to detect species matches.

The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal. For known species, however, the process may yield exciting information. In their study, the researchers detected about 2,100 kinds of plants and 180 animals.

Not yet published results from other field sites are yielding similar results, Murchie says, and future fossil discoveries could strengthen the case. "We can use this approach to identify species in places and times we never knew they existed," he adds.

1. Why does the author mention "mammoths" in Paragraph 1?

A．To present a fact.	B．To show us an extinct animal.
C．To correct a mistake.	D．To introduce the topic of the passage.

2. Which word can best describe the work of getting rid of non-DNA material?

A．Challenging.	B．Interesting.
C．Boring.	D．Satisfying.

3. What is the disadvantage of the new method?

A．It is very slow.

B．It can't detect unknown animals.

C．It is not very accurate.

D．It can only be carried out in the genetic library.

4. What is the text?

A．A news report.	B．A short story.
C．A book review.	D．A research report.