1 . Some vaccines (疫苗) offer lifelong protection against a disease while other vaccines have to be regularly boosted. What’s the difference?
“The measles virus is basically the same one that was around in 1936,” says Schaffner, professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), calling it a “very stable virus.” Because of this, the measles vaccine offers lifelong protection after the second dose (剂). There is a reliable antibody test for measles, but the vaccine’s effect is so proven and solid that you probably don’t need it, as long as you were fully vaccinated as a child. Other live viruses like mumps and rubella are also remarkably stable, and thus don’t need to be repeated.
The flu virus, however, is very“plastic” , says Schaffner. “They put on a new sport coat once in a while that changes the way we measure protection against them.” That’s why the experts recommend an annual flu shot to protect against the strain (菌株) that’s expected to dominate that season. The various flu strains are related, so even if a different flu virus takes over, you’re still going to enjoy some protection.
The Tdap vaccine is another one that doesn’t last forever, which protects against a number of diseases (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis). A booster is recommended every 10 years, or with every pregnancy. This is because pertussis, also known as whooping cough, has increased sharply in the last couple of decades. Moms and babies are at higher risk of being targeted by this disease. It’s also helpful to get boosted on schedule because if you step on a nail or other sharp metal object, tetanus won’t be nearly as much of a concern if you’re pre - protected. Decades’ worth of research have set this booster schedule.
If you’re concerned about whether or not you ‘re still protected by a particular vaccine, the best course is to talk to your doctor. An antibody test will be recommended, and if you’ re past due they’ll recommend getting up to date.
1. What do measles and rubella viruses have in common?| A．They don’t change much with time. | B．They interact with each other. |
| C．They need to be vaccinated repeatedly. | D．They were first discovered in 1936. |
| A．is barely effective | B．offers some protection |
| C．is basically outdated | D．needs some improvement |
| A．Adolescents. | B．Young children. | C．Adults. | D．The senior. |
| A．Protecting people from certain virus. | B．Ensuring a treatment for a disease. |
| C．Checking the protection of a vaccine. | D．Providing an up-to-date body examination. |
2 . Rome has been around for almost three thousand years and yet carries all that weight of history with a light heart. Explore our guides of Rome’s attractions, restaurants, shopping, nightlife and amazing things to do.
Morning
Start your day with a Roman breakfast of cappuccino and cornetto at elegant Bar Rosati, which at this morning hour still has a relaxing atmosphere. Then cross the square to the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, an artistic treasure world in which two strikingly dramatic canvases by Caravaggio stand out.
Afternoon
Brave the crowds and head for the Colosseum/Forum/Palatine complex. Half circus, half sports stadium, Rome’s most famous classical ruin is unmissable--especially now that they have extended the visitor route to the underfloor passageways through which gladiators (角斗士) and wild beasts made their entrances. Walk from the Colosseum through the Forum to the pretty Palatine Hill, where Romulus legendarily founded Rome, and where emperors such as Augustus built their palaces.
Late
Dine in one of Rome’s new breed of creative restaurants. In Trastevere, La Gensola offers a mix of tasty Roman specialities and Sicilian-style seafood dishes in an informal setting. Alternatively, head for Testaccio and grab a pizza at Da Remo or an aperitivo at the Enoteca Palombi, known for its selection of beers from across the globe.
Do you know?
Dress code in churches: shoulders covered and modest dress length for women, while for men vests and really short shorts are frowned on- -though these rules are only strictly enforced in major churches like St. Peter’s.
1. Where can you enjoy canvases by Caravaggio?| A．Bar Rosati. | B．Santa Maria del Popolo. |
| C．The Forum. | D．St. Peter’s. |
| A．It holds more people. | B．The nearby Palatine is in its full beauty. |
| C．It’s Colosseum’s off season. | D．An extended visitor route is in use now. |
| A．Long sleeve shirts. | B．Very short shorts. |
| C．Mini skirts for women. | D．Vests for men. |
More than 500 pieces of relics
The relics, discovered at the six new sacrificial pits of the ruins, include golden masks, jade and ivory artifacts and bronze wares
The new finds bring the total number of items discovered at Sanxingdui to nearly 2,000
“The new discoveries demonstrate once again that
Tang added that the excavation of the new pits has entered a critical stage,
Originally discovered in the late 1920s, the Sanxingdui Ruins have been referred to as one of the world’s greatest archaeological finds of the 20th century.
Located in the city of Guanghan, around 60 km from the provincial capital Chengdu, the ruins covering
1. What is the flight’s destination?
| A．China. | B．The UK. | C．Mongolia. |
| A．The movies will be played. |
| B．The drinks will be served. |
| C．The safety procedures will be shown. |
| A．A tour guide. | B．A passenger. | C．A flight attendant. |
1. What does Greg Samson do?
| A．A host. | B．A singer. | C．A dancer. |
| A．His new songs. |
| B．His excellent dancing skills. |
| C．His show with new elements. |
| A．To keep fit. | B．To lose weight. | C．To explore a new place. |
| A．Throw a party. | B．Have a performance. | C．Hold a press conference. |
6 . Have you ever taken photos by using mobile phones with selfie sticks (自拍杆)?
However, a pair of US artists from New Mexico, Aric Snee and Jutin Crowe believe they have invented a better one and they call it “selfie arm”.
The pair say it offers a far better experience than using a straight stick. The selfie arm makes people feel they are not alone when they take photos.
The “selfie arm” is made of fiberglass.
The project that they work on show the growing selfie stick phenomenon (现象) directly and the increasing need for narcissism (自恋) and Internet agreement.
| A．This new invention is a small, useful, and clever-designed tool. |
| B．And better yet in the future, it’ll take in a friendly way and never get angry or upset. |
| C．It seems that they are together with their friends. |
| D．For better or worse, they have taken the world by storm. |
| E．It is lightweight and easy-taking. |
| F．Thousands of “selfie arms” have been made. |
7 . “Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past — and still do today.
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer (鹿), birds, bears and tigers. They were created by one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history, Hua Tuo, more than 1,800 years ago.
The Five-Animal Exercises are well-designed to help blood circulation (循环), and let the energy go smoothly in the body so as to improve the health.
“The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.
For those new learners, the first few exercises might not go well. You may find it hard to focus. Wear comfortable clothes, keep peaceful in your mind, try to move slowly... Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.
These exercises need no tools. You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind. Because it’s fun to practice and good for health, Five-Animal Exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.
1. Why do people practice Five-Animal Exercises?| A．To fight against enemies | B．To protect wild animals | C．To improve the health |
| A．the bear movements | B．the tiger movements | C．the deer movements |
| A．和谐的 | B．兴奋的 | C．敬畏的 |
| A．It’s easy to learn Wuqinxi even for beginners. |
| B．People should practice Wuqinxi on weekends. |
| C．Wuqinxi is becoming worldwide famous. |
| A．To present an opinion. | B．To offer some advice. | C．To make a conclusion (结论). |
The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith,
The New England winters were very cold, and the students were unwilling to do outdoor
Five years later, a championship (锦标赛)
9 . Studies show that females usually have better handwriting than males. University of Warwick researchers note that “Girls are generally better handwriters than boys. Girls also usually write faster than boys”. But why do females have better handwriting than males? There are a number of reasons.
Handwriting differences may be because of cultural label. Researchers asked boys and girls aged 7 and 8 to model after each other’s handwriting. When modeling after writing, boys tried to make theirs “smaller and neater” while all the girls said that they had made their handwriting larger, and half of them said they had made it less tidy. Do females work hard to write neater because there is an expectation that they have neat handwriting? Are females encouraged to write better because there is an expectation?
Handwriting may be influenced by the writer’s female hormones (激素). Babies before they are born receive various amounts of female hormones with males receiving less and females more. One sign of female hormone effect is the relative length of a person’s index finger to ring finger (called the “2D: 4D rate”). This study found that the higher the 2D : 4D rate for right-handed female writers,the neater their handwriting is.
Neural development differences between males and females may be the reason for the differences. During the early school years, when kids are learning to shape letters, the neural fibers that control fine motor skills in boys’ brains usually haven’t matured (成熟) as much as girls’ have. Boys’ brains finally catch up and their handwriting gets better than before, but it’s still usually not as neat as that of the girls. That’s because women usually have more neural connections between the two sides of the brain, which also helps with correctness.
1. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the topic. | B．To list some reasons. |
| C．To summarize the text. | D．To provide examples. |
| A．neater | B．larger | C．more correct | D．longer |
| A．Boys’ handwriting is too large to be neat. |
| B．Boys’ 2D: 4D rate becomes higher and higher. |
| C．Boys’ brains don’t get enough exercise like girls do. |
| D．Boys usually have less neural connections inside the brain. |
| A．Who perform better in handwriting? |
| B．Is handwriting well a difficult task? |
| C．Are girls cleverer than boys? |
| D．Why do we need to write well? |
10 . In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil (化石) on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for hunting “curies” fossils. In 1811, aged just 12, she made her first major discovery, a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton. It was the first extinction animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was dangerous. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. However, she still continued to look for new findings. The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter, she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she didn’t get approval (认可) of other scientists. Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was not allowed to join London’s Geological Society as only men could become members. She didn’t care about these. Instead, she kept moving on.
Mary died in 1847, but her contributions (贡献) have not been forgotten. Her finds are now on show in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNESO World Heritage Site (遗址), known as Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain’s History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.
1. The word “curies” in Para. 2 means .| A．huge | B．beautiful | C．common | D．unusual |
| A．She won high praise from other scientists. |
| B．She published several scientific articles in her lifetime. |
| C．She had a narrow escape from a rock fall. |
| D．She was later a member of the London’s Geological Society. |
| A．To show how Southern England has the most important fossil finds in the world. |
| B．To show the readers that Jurassic Coast is in need of protection. |
| C．To give an example of how important Mary’s discoveries are to the world. |
| D．To encourage more people to find their own fossil wonders. |
| A．We shouldn’t risk our life doing things at any time. |
| B．We should still continue though others don’t support us. |
| C．We should fight for our own rights bravely when treated unfairly. |
| D．We should listen more to others’ opinions when there is disagreement. |
