3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Life Doesn’t Just Happen to Us

Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends mainly on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.

When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was to change completely. The class experiment that day was to show     1    heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. Somehow, the container the teacher gave Wilson     2    (heat) mistakenly held something more volatile(易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container exploded,     3    (leave) Wilson blinded in both eyes.

When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the disaster that     4    (happen) to their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident     5    a disaster. He learned braille(盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became an     6    (accomplish) public speaker.

Later, he worked in Africa,    7    many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it     8    be fixed so easily. Wilson did his best to prevent the preventable     9     tens of millions in Africa and Asia could recover their sight.

Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that it’s not what happens to us     10    determines our lives- it’s what we make of what happens.

5 . People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However，playing sports can have_________effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports，40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these,18,000,000 say they have been_________at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad_________of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.

Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main_________of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children_________aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback (反馈). Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that_________is everything. Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout_________at other players or cheer when their child behaves_________. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is _________or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured.____________, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.

We really need to____________this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches____________should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better____________. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to____________themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that____________is not as important as winning.

1.

A．restrictive(限制的)

B．negative

C．active

D．instructive

2.

A．knocked

B．glanced

C．smiled

D．shouted

3.

A．impression

B．concept

C．taste

D．expectation

4.

A．resource

B．cause

C．course

D．consequence

5.

A．question

B．understand

C．copy

D．neglect

6.

A．winning

B．practising

C．fun

D．sport

7.

A．praises

B．orders

C．remarks (言论、评论)

D．insults(侮辱)

8.

A．proudly

B．ambitiously

C．aggressively

D．bravely

9.

A．acceptable

B．impolite

C．possible

D．accessible

10.

A．By contrast

B．In addition

C．As a result

D．After all

11.

A．look up to

B．face up to

C．make up for

D．come up with

12.

A．in particular

B．in all

C．in return

D．in advance

13.

A．techniques

B．means

C．values

D．directions

14.

A．respect

B．relax

C．forgive

D．enjoy

15.

A．body

B．fame

C．health

D．spirit

6 . Also of interest...in family dramas

The Travelers

by Regina Porter (Hogarth, $27)

Though Regina Porter’s formally daring first novel “can feel too much like a jigsaw puzzle,” it achieves a “simply stunning” level of complexity, said Meng Jin in the San Fracisco Chronicle. As the first-time novelist tells the stories of two Georgia families — one black, one white — she weaves together events from 1946 to 2010 while deftly shifting between play-like dialogue, straight narrative, and various other modes. Not one character is a mere extra, and the impressive result “looks very much like life.”

Ask Again, Yes

by Mary Beth Keane (Scribner, $27)

Mary Beth Keane’s new novel is “one of the most unpretentiously profound books I’ve read in a long time,” said Maureen Corrigan in NPR.org. In 1973 New York City, two rookie cops forge a friendship that shapes the lives of the Irish-American families they raise side by side in a nearby suburb. Because each chapter is told from a new perspective, we come to know almost every member of those families, and Keane “beautifully dramatizes” how lives are built on a series of happenstances, including tragic ones.

Native Country of the Heart

by Cherrie Moraga (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $26)

“This memoir’s beauty is in its fierce intimacy,” said Roy Hoffman in The News York Times. Playwright Cherrie Moraga makes her mother the heroine of the book, bringing the late immigrant’s story to life “with a poet’s verve.” Mexican-born Elvira Moraga, who picked cotton in California at 11, sold cigarettes in Tijuana at 14, and never learned to read, became the heart and soul of a large extended family. Here, she’s a character too resonant to be merely emblematic.

The Edge of Every Day

by Marin Sardy (Pantheon, $26)

Mental illness leaves no one in a family untouched, said Alison Van Houten in Outside. In a book whose nonlinear structure “mimics the erratic nature of schizophrenia,” essayist Marin Sardy bringing the describes how the disorder struck her mother and a brother, scrambling life for all the children. Her mother’s paranoid delusions disrupted their schooling; years later, Sardy’s brother, after refusing help, committed suicide. “How does one lead any semblance of a normal life under such circumstances?” Sardy shows us how.

Note:

1. resonant: 共振的，共鸣的       2. emblematic: 象征的，典型的

3. nonlinear: 非线性的               4.schizophrenia: 精神分裂症

1. Which book touches upon a personal family tragedy?

A．The Travelers.	B．Ask Again, Yes.
C．Native Country of the Heart.	D．The Edge of Every Day.

2. Which of the following about each book is TRUE?

A．The Travelers tells a straightforward story about two Georgia families.

B．The thread running through Ask Again,Yes is Irish way of life.

C．Native Country of the Heart was written in memory of Elvira Moraga.

D．The Edge of Every Day describes one’s struggle against mental diseases.

3. What do the four books have in common?

A．They were published by the same publishing house.

B．They belong to the same type of literary works.

C．The stories were’ll set in the last century.

D．They represented the peak level of each writer.

7 . Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they _______ positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was a(n) _______ basis for older people's increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body _______ its energy.

When our _______ needed more energy than usual perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need _______ the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, _______, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors _______ a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not a(n) _______ response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when _______ protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the __________of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a(n) __________ break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you’re being chased by a tiger, you don’t need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow’s cold. What you need is to __________ all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.

__________, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we’re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we’re not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more __________ the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the __________ things in life more easily.

1.

A．switch

B．energize

C．prioritize

D．undergo

2.

A．regular

B．evolutionary

C．solid

D．fundamental

3.

A．uses

B．squeezes

C．spreads

D．classifies

4.

A．bodies

B．generations

C．ancestors

D．seniors

5.

A．surpasses

B．meets

C．responds

D．requires

6.

A．at random

B．in principle

C．at times

D．in case

7.

A．rejected

B．neglected

C．expected

D．required

8.

A．objective

B．effective

C．emergent

D．negative

9.

A．vulnerable

B．efficient

C．defensive

D．strong

10.

A．service

B．basis

C．search

D．shift

11.

A．momentary

B．voluntary

C．energetic

D．intensive

12.

A．submit

B．activate

C．shift

D．accumulate

13.

A．In the meantime

B．On the contrary

C．In the end

D．As a result

14.

A．addicted to

B．free of

C．focused on

D．enthusiastic about

15.

A．emotional

B．crucial

C．unforgettable

D．depressing

8 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wors as far as possible.

Pedestrians only

The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping areas were built to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safety. The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations and car ownership increased rapidly. Dirty exhaust fumes from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start.

At first, there was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars. When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers.

However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich, Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased by 50 percent. On Copenhagen’s main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, USA, were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets.

With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street, many shops, especially those selling things like clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it wasn’t good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre. Today they are a common feature on the outskirts of towns and cities, often situated in out-of-town retail zones with their own car parks and other local facilities.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . 从方框里选择合适的词语填空。

impose        moral       tolerated        anger          ingredient       contain     loosing        attitudes       publish          disadvantaged       excuses

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the victory of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to     1     an epidemic of crimes. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A significant     2     is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together --- honesty, kindness, and so on --- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law --- and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to     3     accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to oblige themselves to do so. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately there are still communities --- smaller towns, usually --- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not     4     --- they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are     5    . Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you     6     him.

The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in     7    . Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with     8     guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.

I don’t believe it. Many others in equally     9     circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless     10     where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

10 . “Deep reading” —as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web —is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize(危及) the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them.

Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading —slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity—is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks(超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisions —Should I click on this link or not? —allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.

That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同).

None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives” to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example,   Britain’s National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.

1. What does the author say about ^“deep reading”?

A．It serves as a complement to online reading.

B．It should be preserved before it is too late.

C．It is mainly suitable for reading literature.

D．It is an indispensable part of education.

2. Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?

A．It helps promote readers’ intellectual and emotional growth.

B．It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.

C．It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.

D．It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.

3. In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?

A．It ensures the reader’s cognitive growth.

B．It enables the reader to be fully engaged.

C．It activates a different region of the brain.

D．It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.

4. What do we learn from the study released by Britain’s National Literacy Trust?

A．Onscreen readers may be less competent readers.

B．Those who do reading in print are less informed.

C．Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.

D．It is now easier to find a favorite book online to read.