假如你是李敏,在一本英文旅游杂志上,你发现了这样一条信息:某古城景区对当地人 收费5美元,对外国人收费15美元,针对这一情况,请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封 信,具体要求如下:
1. 介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容;
2. 针对此事自己的态度以及理由。
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2 . “Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it's your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium. “I don't care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “
“It's phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone literally responds to their victory.
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG— Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, "Seahawks' fans are currently BIRGing up a storm." The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure.
This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I'm sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion of "eustress", invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria(极度愉快的心情)and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it's much of the appeal.
A.It means that different team is accessible to you. |
B.Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence. |
C.That identity is first and foremost. |
D.The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes. |
E.In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging. |
F.This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat. |
It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before-the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge-for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的)so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.
Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk (三野志) wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don't be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.
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4 . Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social sciences, Geography is the interdisciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.
The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.
Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.
For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above. Admissions Information
Freshmen/First-Year Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Change of Program Policy
No selective or limited admission requirements.
External Transfer Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Opportunities Upon Graduation
With a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.
Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO'S key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.
1. Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage?A.A freshman who has studied in a university. |
B.A college student majoring in geography. |
C.A senior high school graduate interested in geography. |
D.A high school graduate who wants to find a job. |
A.Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems. |
B.Understanding contemporary global issues. |
C.Getting one-on-one information on geography teaching. |
D.Achieving more international opportunities. |
A.In a magazine. |
B.On the university website. |
C.In a geographic journal. |
D.On the enrollment information network. |
5 . We're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens
Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect
"Once you have driven for a while, you don't
She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not
On the former she
A.abandons | B.dominates | C.enters | D.absorbs |
A.compulsory | B.opposite | C.crucial | D.relevant |
A.in want of | B.in case of | C.in favour of | D.in addition to |
A.quantity | B.minimum | C.quality | D.majority |
A.responsibility | B.benefits | C.resources | D.structure |
A.granting | B.getting | C.bringing | D.coming |
A.sleeping | B.driving | C.reviewing | D.operating |
A.eventually | B.constantly | C.equivalently | D.consciously |
A.adopt | B.reach | C.acquire | D.activate |
A.slower | B.later | C.faster | D.earlier |
A.handwriting | B.adding | C.forming | D.understanding |
A.trust | B.look | C.view | D.smile |
A.containing | B.spreading | C.choosing | D.protecting |
A.commits | B.counters | C.completes | D.composes |
A.associations | B.resources | C.procedures | D.interactions |
A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus F. modified G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. significant |
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊 的),but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically
Fortunately, not all high-
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can't be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual
Australia has
7 . Bloggers (写博客的人) are sometimes accused of being egomaniacs (after all, what could make one more proud than to assume that the whole world is interested in your thoughts?) and some are the source of ridicule. With more than half of all blogs on the Internet written by under-19s, parents are increasingly worried that their youngsters are putting their personal safety at risk.
Perhaps parents should focus on the positive. For a lucky few, blogging has led to fame and fortune on a scale that most people can only dream of. One of the best-known of these is Maisie Lim, whose fashion blog Style Cookie is read by such famous people as Miuccia Prada, Anna Wintour and Lady Gaga. Maisie is regularly invited to top fashion shows around the world and has thousands of fans.
Due to the fact that Maisie is only 15 years old, her parents have received a lot of criticism for letting her achieve so much at such a young age. Some people think it is inappropriate for a teen to become so heavily involved in the “adult” world. Maisie, though, is just one example of a growing phenomenon: the teen blogger businessperson.
“I was shopping at discount shops, taking photos of my clothes and writing down my thoughts. Starting a style blog seemed like the next logical step because it was a way to share things that inspired me jellyfish with a global audience. I started when I was 11, which was before blogs became big. I never dreamed it would take off.” says Maisie.
Besides updating her blog, Maisie spends time running a web magazine for teenage girls and employs four editors as well as numerous writers, illustrators and photographers.
For more inspiration, look at Suke Smith’s lifestyle blog Pay it Forward. Due to the success followers on Twitter. At 16, Suke is considered experienced on the blogging scene.
Despite the success of the teenage bloggers like Maisie and Suke, it can be tough for teens to be taken seriously because of their age. “But if you’re offering something a bit different, and you’re passionate about what you do, people will notice you,” explains Maisie.
1. The word “egomaniacs” (paragraph 1) most probably refers to bloggers who ________.A.like to | B.worry about their parents |
C.spend too much time online | D.have too much self-importance |
A.concerned | B.surprised | C.uncomfortable | D.grateful |
A.she employs a team of helpers |
B.she is often invited to top fashion shows |
C.she takes a tough attitude toward criticism |
D.she shares things with great enthusiasm |
A.Inspirational Teen Blogging | B.An Issue of Parental Concern |
C.Different Views on Teenagers | D.Professional Fashion Bloggers |
8 . In 2008, a study was conducted in Hong Kong to find out why some people appeared to be better at public speaking. Three hundred people who were employed in jobs that require an advanced level of public speaking skills were interviewed. The participants included politicians, professors and motivational speakers. The results of the study showed that 77% of the participants reported having parents that encouraged them to ask questions and state their opinions from a young age. Eighty-five percent answered that their parents had repeatedly exposed them to a variety of positive “public speaking” experiences at home. These experiences included practicing speeches, performing dramas and reciting poems.
In another study to determine the causes of fear of public speaking, 70% of the participants said they had not had any public speaking opportunities at home. Eighteen percent of the participants had been given such opportunities, but these had resulted in a loss of confidence.
One of the participants recalled a painful experience from when he was eight years old. His parents had arranged for him to present his school project about earthquakes to his cousins. As an outgoing boy, he was eager to show off all his hard work, until he forgot a sentence and started to stutter (结巴). His cousins began to laugh at him, and instead of his family encouraging him to continue with his presentation, his father told him to call it a day. The stress of this incident and the feeling of being rejected carried over to school, where he started struggling with his words and went red like a sunset every time he had to speak in front of an audience.
From these studies, we can see that the way parents handle their child’s communication efforts and a child’s future attitude towards public speaking can be linked. Not all people are born afraid of public speaking, but rather they grow to be afraid of it due to awful experiences or outside influences. Yet this does not mean they have no control over their fear — because they do.
1. According to the study of 2008, ________ were important in making successful public speakers.A.caring professors | B.high motivations |
C.encouraging parents | D.original opinions |
A.stop | B.respond |
C.try | D.relax |
A.How much exposure to public speaking is proper? |
B.What kinds of jobs require public speaking skills? |
C.Is public speaking important for children? |
D.Are people born afraid of public speaking? |
A.more experiences of unsuccessful public speaking |
B.ways to gain self-confidence in public speaking |
C.other reasons for failure in public speaking |
D.features of successful public speaking |
假如你是明后中学的李华,你的朋友李楠给你写了一封信,告诉你他要开发一个新的APP,用这个软件共享衣服,想要征集大家的看法,你是否愿意共享你的衣服,给出理由(信的格式已给)。
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10 . Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning—and the fears of something going badly wrong.
The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.
These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.
“The physics hasn’t changed. It’s about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.
Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.
The UK, which opened the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.
However, the country’s agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point—which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity—has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the country’s future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.
A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to £56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.
1. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?A.AMRs produce more power than traditional reactors |
B.Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks |
C.So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet |
D.Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs |
A.prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concern. |
B.show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available. |
C.indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed. |
D.point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology. |
A.Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants |
B.The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy. |
C.The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted |
D.a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors. |
A.Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights on |
B.Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactors |
C.Nuclear’s share of power generation remain stead |
D.Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to success |