1 . If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson” and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English-William the Conqueror.

Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon or Old English, a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.

But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.

1. What language did people in Britain mainly speak before 1066?

A．Celtic and Old English.	B．Nordic and Germanic.
C．Welsh and Scottish.	D．Anglo-Saxon and Germanic.

2. How did William the Conqueror influence English?

A．By teaching people in Britain to speak English.

B．By defeating the Saxons and ruling the whole England.

C．By bringing French to Britain to greatly influence English.

D．By speaking good English to show that they were upper-class.

3. Why does Americans feel France is less foreign than Germany?

A．They know French better than German.

B．They know little history of the English people.

C．In France most of the advertisements appear in English.

D．There are more similarities between English and French.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．The history of Great Britain.

B．The French effects on the English language.

C．The differences between English and French.

D．The great people who had effects on English.

2 . A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress management. As she raised a glass of water, everyone in the class_______they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question.

_______, with a smile on her face, she asked the students, “How_______ do you think this glass of water weighs?”

Answers called out _______from 100g to 300g. She quieted the students down and then replied, “It does not matter on the_______. It _______on how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right_______. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb. In each case, the weight of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the_______I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why?“

Lost in_______, all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.

“Our________ and worries in life are like that glass of water. If we________our burdens (负担) all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted.”

What you have to do is put all your burdens down, as________ in the evening as possible. Don’t carry them through the evening into the night; by doing this, we can get ________next morning and are able to move forward.”

“More often than not, life gets terrible when we think too much. And the moment you________your burdens, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.”

“So rather than feeling________ and sorry for yourself, start doing something about it. After all, life is too short to waste on anything that is not making you happy.”

1.

A．knew

B．agreed

C．expected

D．argued

2.

A．Instead

B．Meanwhile

C．Besides

D．Therefore

3.

A．full

B．little

C．heavy

D．much

4.

A．replied

B．ranged

C．read

D．remained

5.

A．weight

B．height

C．volume

D．size

6.

A．holds

B．calls

C．takes

D．depends

7.

A．finger

B．foot

C．arm

D．leg

8.

A．higher

B．longer

C．deeper

D．further

9.

A．thought

B．idea

C．plan

D．class

10.

A．doubts

B．joys

C．stresses

D．surprises

11.

A．carry

B．cover

C．hide

D．show

12.

A．late

B．early

C．soon

D．fast

13.

A．reset

B．reviewed

C．refreshed

D．reminded

14.

A．catch up with

B．let go of

C．put up with

D．take care of

15.

A．upset

B．satisfied

C．bored

D．confused

3 . Many of us live with a roommate at some stage. Sometimes, there can be problems. Who hasn’t had an argument about whose turn it is to take out the rubbish or who should be the one to clear up after dinner? However, living with another person also comes with many benefits.

You know that there’s always someone else around, which can help you feel safer. There is always someone to talk to so you never feel lonely. Besides these obvious benefits, there are some you may not notice. For example, we’re actually more likely to eat healthier food when living with others.

To examine the effect of living alone, Australian university researchers did much research and found that people living alone tended to eat less fresh food, which can have a significant negative effect on long-term health. However, those living with others generally benefited from a more varied diet compared to those living alone.

What could explain these findings? The researchers believe the social and cultural roles played by cooking, food preparation and eating may be important considerations. For example, those living with friends have someone else to go shopping with, and thus they are likely to buy higher- quality fresh food regularly.

Cooking skills may be another factor. If people living alone find they do not have the knowledge required to prepare a particular dish or cook a certain food, they may fall back on ready-made，less healthy food. However, if they live with at least one other person, they may be able to ask for help.

In addition, people living alone can eat whatever they want at any time of the day or night. However, it’s helpful to have someone around who questions your decision to eat frozen pizza at 3 am. In other words, roommates can draw your attention to unhealthy routines.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The reasons for living with others

B．The ways of dealing with a roommate.

C．The importance of talking with others.

D．The benefits of living with someone else.

2. How many reasons are explored to explain the new findings?

A．2.

B．3.

C．4.

D．5.

3. What does the underlined phrase “fall back on” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Hunt for.

B．Cut down on.

C．Depend on.

D．Give up.

4. What is the main purpose of this text?

A．To tell readers every coin has two sides.

B．To encourage people to have a roommate.

C．To explain why roommates have arguments.

D．To persuade people to develop healthy eating habits.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Visiting the city can be really     1     (challenge) when you are six months pregnant (怀孕的) and have a 3-year-old girl. One spring afternoon, we went to a store nearby to buy some food. There was no sign of rain    2     the store was just around the comer, so we went there without     3     umbrella. However, when we were about     4     (leave) the store, the rain started to pour down and the streets    5     (cover) with water within minutes. I noticed a young Chinese couple    6     (stare) at us when we came to a crossroad and were waiting for the light to change    7     (anxious). I figured they were probably wondering     8     a pregnant foreigner was taking her little kid out through the rain. But as we crossed the street, the woman offered me her umbrella. I refused, but she handed it to me and hurried off with her husband.

Though    9     (catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasure the memory and will remember the warmth and    10     (kind) of the Chinese couple forever.

5 . A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year researeh project into teenagers and money, are particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before.
University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at £3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling.
In the researeh, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average £ 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just £ 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than £ 10.000. Average debts for graduates are £ 12，363.
Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. "The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively."
Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweathcr. aged 15. from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money.
1. Which of the following can be found from the five-year researeh project?

A．Students understand personal finances differently.

B．University tuition fees in England have been rising.

C．Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.

D．The students' payback ability has become a major issue.

2. The phrase "to raise the ceiling" in paragraph 2 probably means "______".

A．to raise the student loans	B．to improve the school facilities
C．to increase the upper limit of the tuition	D．to lift the school building roofs

3. According to Stephen Moir, students_______.

A．are too young 10 be exposed 10 financial issues

B．should learn 10 manage their finances wellC- should maintain a positive attitude when facing loans

C．benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Many British teenagers do not know money matters well

B．Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.

C．Financial planning is a required course at college.

D．Young people should become responsible adults.

6 . Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.
1. Fashion magazines today        .

A．seldom put models on the cover

B．no longer put models on the cover

C．need not worry about celebrities’ market potential

D．judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly

2. A change in the consumer market can be found today that        .

A．price rather than brand name is more concerned

B．producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements

C．producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements

D．quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned

3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly        .

A．decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products

B．damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public

C．cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business

D．influence the price of a celebrity’s products

4. The passage is mainly about        .

A．celebrity and personal style	B．celebrity and market potential
C．celebrity and fashion design	D．celebrity and clothing industry