1 . We are surrounded by people trying to make the world a better place. Peace activists bring enemies together so they can get to know one another and feel each other’s pain. School leaders try to attract a diverse set of students so each can understand what it’s like to walk in the others’ shoes.

It is true that people who are empathetic (共情的) are more sensitive to the perspectives and sufferings of others. They are more likely to make sympathetic moral judgments. The problem comes when we try to turn feeling into action. Empathy makes you more aware of other people’s sufferings, but it’s not clear whether it actually motivates you to take moral action or prevents you from taking immoral action. For example, in the early days of the Holocaust, Nazi prison guards sometimes wept as they killed Jewish women and children, but they still did it.

Empathy directs you toward moral action, but it doesn’t seem to help much when that action comes at a personal cost. You may feel painful for the homeless guy on the other side of the street, but the chances are that you are not going to cross the street to give him a dollar. Studies investigating the link between empathy and moral action suggest that empathy is not a major player when it comes to moral motivation. Its contribution is slight in children, modest in adults, and nonexistent when costs are significant.

Nobody is against empathy. However, it’s not enough. These days empathy has become a shortcut. It has become a way to experience delicious moral emotions without confronting the weaknesses in our nature that prevent us from actually acting upon them. It has become a way to experience the illusion (幻觉) of moral progress without having to do the nasty work of making moral judgments. Teaching empathy is a safe way for schools and other institutions to seem blameless without risking dispute or hurting anybody’s feelings.

People who actually perform pro-social action don’t only feel for those who are suffering, they feel it necessary to act by a sense of duty. Empathy is less important. If you want to make the world a better place, help people debate, understand, reform, revere and enact their moral principles. Accept that principles conflict.

1. Why does the author mention the Holocaust in paragraph 2?

A．To show that empathy is limited in preventing people from wrongdoings.

B．To prove that empathic people are more likely to make compassionate moral judgments.

C．To explain that empathy is helpful for moral teaching.

D．To criticize the immoral actions of Nazis.

2. What will empathetic people probably do when they see the homeless?

A．Reach out to them.	B．Ignore them.
C．Feel sorry for them.	D．Raise money for them.

3. According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A．People are enthusiastic about empathy.

B．Teaching empathy is a quicker way to achieve moral education.

C．Empathy alone is not sufficient.

D．People are unwilling to take actual actions.

4. According to the author, what’s the best way to make the world a better place?

A．Try to understand what it’s like to walk in the others’ shoes.

B．Be more sensitive to the perspectives and sufferings of others.

C．Stop teaching empathy since it is only a sideshow in moral education.

D．Take on the duty to act and make real moral progress.

2 . To many of us, art is obviously a kind of human expression of creativity. But in recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence (AI) creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems. Some people worry that AI might someday replace artists.

    1    Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. Instead of replacing artists, AI is bringing artists more possibilities.

A piece of music created by AI recently attracted attention. AI was used to turn the novel virus into a piece of nearly two-hour long music based on its protein structure. The project was led by Markus Buehler, an American musician and MIT professor of engineering. He assigned (指定) a unique note to each amino acid (氨基酸) in the protein.    2    

Listeners found the project to be “mind-blowing”. “It allows me to see the virus from a new angle,” said one listener.    3    As The Verge wrote, “AI helps artists play around in unpredictable ways, creating things beyond what they have ever thought was possible before.”

    4    For example, in the comic and animation industries, there are now AI tools that can automatically (自动地) color in black-and-white line drawings. Although the results can be unpredictable and require a little cleanup, it “could give artists room to experiment, by cutting down the time it takes to color each frame (画面)”, said Joao Do Lago, animator of Netflix’s Castlevania.

As Peter Ward wrote for The Culture Trip, art of every kind has always been influenced by technological breakthroughs.    5    

A．The AI then translated these notes into music.

B．AI has become an important part of our everyday life.

C．But this worry seems to be unnecessary, at least for now.

D．AI can become a useful tool to bring change to the art world.

E．Besides the music industry, AI has entered the world of poetry as well.

F．This surprising marriage between science and art could not be achieved without AI.

G．Apart from co-creating imaginative works, AI can also help artists avoid repeating tasks.

3 . Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia (百科全书), is the largest encyclopedia ever. An encyclopedia is a collection of informative articles about various things. Encyclopedias used to be printed as books.     1    

“Wiki” is an internet term that means "a website that can be edited by the public." It comes from “wikiwiki”, a Hawaiian word for "quick". Two Americans, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, created Wikipedia in 2001.     2    It has about 6 million articles in 300 languages and is visited by billions of people each day, who want to find information on just about anything – science, math, languages, art, culture, and company histories. There are articles on sports stars, too, and even long-forgotten soap operas from the 1970s.

    3    Except for a small number of pages, anyone can edit articles, anonymously (匿名地) or with a user account, and registered (注册的) users can create their own articles. Editing is unpaid, although Wikipedia does employ a small staff. Wikipedia is freely available to anyone with an internet connection. Its founders hoped that the model would make use of humanity's collective knowledge.

    4    Many Wikipedia pages contain errors, although the organization has a content review system that works to fix this problem. Several studies have concluded that Wikipedia is as accurate as most print encyclopedias. Indeed, a 2005 report in the journal Nature found it to be only slightly less reliable (可靠的) than Encyclopedia Britannica.

    5    It does not rely on advertising. Instead, all of its funds (资金) come from donations. Perhaps more importantly, the number of its volunteer editors is shrinking.

Despite these difficulties, Jimmy Wales says he will still stick to his dream. He has big plans for the future. He wants Wikipedia available in all of the world's languages.

A．Today Wikipedia faces many challenges.

B．Wikipedia employs an open editing model.

C．It allows users to get information within seconds.

D．It is now the fifth-most visited website on the internet.

E．Most of its editors are volunteers.

F．Now, they are mostly found online.

G．However, some people doubt the accuracy (准确性) of Wikipedia's content.

4 . It was about five in the morning in Ontario, Canada, when Donna Strickland's phone rang. The Nobel Prize committee was on the line in Stockholm, calling to tell her she had won the prize in physics.

"I wondered if it was a joke," Strickland said in an interview with a Nobel official after the call. She had been asleep when the call arrived. "Something was wrong because it came so early in the morning. But then I knew it was the right day, and it would have been a cruel joke."

Strickland, an associate professor at the University of Waterloo, shares the honor with two other scientists for their work in the 1980s in transforming lasers(激光)into tiny tools that today have countless application. The prize money $1.4 million will he shared among the three. Half the prize went to Strickland and her cooperator Gerard Mourou, a professor at the Ecole Poly technique in France. The other half was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, a retired physicist who worked at the famous Bell Labs in the United States.

Strickland's win is historic in more than one way. It's been over 55 years since a woman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1903, Marie Curie became the first-ever woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics. For the next 60 years, no women physicists were awarded. Maria Goeppert Mayer became the second woman physicist to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963.

Strickland herself was surprised to learn she was the third woman to receive the honor in physics. "Is that all, really? I thought there might have been more." she said at a press conference Tuesday. "We need to celebrate women physicists, because we're out there. Hopefully, in time, it will start to move forward at a faster rate."

1. What was Donna's first reaction after she received the call?

A．She felt all efforts paid off.	B．She was too excited to say a word
C．She was doubtful about it.	D．She was annoyed at being waken up.

2. How much was Donna rewarded for winning the Nobel Prize?

A．About $350,000.	B．About $2.8million.
C．About $700,000.	D．About $1.4 million.

3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Strickland's achievements in physics.

B．The history of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

C．Strickland's struggle to win the Nobel Prize.

D．Three women winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics in history.

4. What does the underlined "it" in the last paragraph refer to?

A．The Nobel Prize in Physics.

B．The achievement of men physicists.

C．The celebration of the Nobel Prize winners.

D．Awarding women physicists the Nobel Prize in Physics.

5 . Notre-Dame, the cathedral (大教堂) that serves as one of Paris’s most beloved monuments, is on fire. According to The New York Times, the fire began around 6: 30 p.m. local time, when tourists urgently rushed out of the building. While Andre Finot, a spokesman for the cathedral, told The Times, that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt while damage to the building appears catastrophic(灾难性的).

CNN reports that over 400 firefighters have been sent to fight the fire, but that they may be unable to save the cathedral. Built in the 12^th century, Notre-Dame houses several relics important to Catholics (天主教徒). NBC News reports that relics from Saint Genevieve and Saint Denis may been lost, together with a relic believed to be from Jesus Christ’s crown of thorns, but it states that authorities now believe that the cathedral has been saved from “total destruction”.

Notre-Dame is visited by a reported 30, 000 people a day and 13 million people per year. Its destruction represents a global cultural loss. “This is just horrible”, Mohamed Megdoul, 33, a film producer and witness to the fire told The Times, speaking through tears. “A thousand years of history is being wiped away. This belonged to the whole world, and now it’s disappearing.”

French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his sadness on Twitter. “Notre-Dame of Paris in flames,” reads an English translation of his statement. “Emotion for a whole nation. Thoughts for all Catholics and for all the French. Like all our countrymen, I’m sad together to see this part of us burn.” Other politicians, including Melanis Trump, London Mayor Sadiq Khan, U. K. Prime Minister Theresa May also shared their sadness on Twitter.

1. What do we know about Notre-Dame according to the passage?

A．It has been completely destroyed by the fire.

B．It’s a huge political loss to the world.

C．It’s only meaningful to Catholics.

D．The reason of the fire remained to be found out.

2. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply?

A．The history of France is destroyed because of the fire.

B．The loss the fire caused is huge.

C．The damage of Notre-Dame is being wiped off.

D．The cathedral has been saved from “total destruction”.

3. What’s the purpose of writing the passage?

A．To report a disaster of Notre-Dame.

B．To express people’s sadness of the destruction.

C．To emphasize the value of Notre-Dame.

D．To show the concerns from the worldwide.

6 . Culture shock isn’t a clinical term or medical conditions. It’s simply a common way to describe the confusing and nervous feelings a person may have after leaving a familiar culture to live in a different culture.     1     That can be exciting, but it can also be overwhelming(不可抗拒的).

Everyone feels the pressure to fit in at one time or another—whether they’ve lived in the area for days or years. But don’t feel like you need to change everything about yourself so you can stand out less.     2    

Here are a few tips for making sure your new culture doesn’t overpower the old:

Educate people about your culture. Just because you’re the one entering the new culture doesn’t mean you should be the one doing all the learning.     3     They may know little about it. It will also help them to learn more about you in the process.

Find a support group. Find kids in your class or neighborhood who recently moved, too. You can share experiences.

    4     You probably left behind good friends and family when you moved. If it’s going to be a long time until your next visit, keep in touch. You also left behind other things—like your favourite spot to hang out. Keep pictures around to remind you of home.

Remember, it’s important to be yourself.     5     You will have your own pace of adjusting. As long as you find a good combination between old and new, you’ll be fine.

A．Keep in touch with home.

B．Understand the new culture.

C．But the good news is that culture shock is temporary.

D．When you move to a new place, you’re bound to face a lot of changes.

E．Try not to force yourself to change too fast or too many things all at once.

F．All of your experiences before you came to your new home are part of you.

G．Take the opportunity to teach classmates and new friends about your culture.

7 . “You totally missed out!” This sentence strikes fear in the hearts of teenagers more than almost anything else. In fact, missing out on something bothers most teenagers so much that there is even a special word for that sick feeling: FOMO.       1       FOMO, which was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013, refers to that anxious feeling people get when they realize they are not attending a social event.

    2       In   fact,   one   survey found   that two-thirds   of   people   in   this   age   group   admitted   to experiencing FOMO regularly. If you ask teenagers whether they experience social media anxiety, most would answer no. But what they do not realize is that if they are stressed or worried about what they see online, then they are possibly experiencing FOMO, especially if they are online a lot.

Then how to handle the problem of FOMO? Of course, turning off the technology seems like a natural cure for FOMO.       3       Teenagers may still worry that they are missing out, even if they are not on social media at all.

The key is to turn off the technology and do something else like reading a book, giving a friend a makeup, baking cookies—anything that allows them to focus on something other than social media.       4    

It is also important to encourage teenagers to recognize that they cannot possibly be everywhere and do everything. So, naturally, there will be parties or events that they cannot attend.       5     Photos can be deceiving (骗人的). And even though it looks as if their friends are having a good time, this may not be the case. They should never let the fact that they couldn’t be somewhere affect their view of themselves.

A．FOMO has become an even bigger problem.

B．FOMO is especially common to people aged 18 to 33.

C．In simple terms, FOMO stands for “fear of missing out”.

D．It can be extremely helpful in changing their attitudes towards life.

E．But this does not necessarily mean they are missing out on something.

F．By doing this, teenagers are not glued to their screens and are more active.

G．But just switching the phone to “off” doesn’t erase the feelings caused by FOMO.

8 . Exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. But how about for your sleep?     1     Let's learn more about the relationship between exercise and sleep.

How does exercise influence sleep?

People who exercise regularly get better sleep than those who don't.     2    That may lead to a decrease in body temperature at night, allowing people to experience deeper sleep.    3    

For most people, the time when they take exercise doesn't matter. For too much exercise, the late afternoon might be the best. For ongoing training, morning might be preferable. Taking exercise at night, you should gently do stretching （拉伸）after that. This will let your body know it is time to calm down.

Which type of exercise is best for sleep?

The best type of exercise is the one you enjoy enough to stick with and you should make it a regular part of your routine.     4    

How much exercise do you need for better sleep?

    5    However, it's wise to work out about 150 minutes every week, or about 30 minutes each day, five days a week. Little things you do all day long can add up. From taking the stairs to walking instead of driving. Try to spend fewer minutes sitting during the day.

A．What can help you sleep more soundly?

B．What time of day is best for exercise?

C．Either yoga class or lifting weights can help you sleep well.

D．The answer is that being active during the day can improve the sleep at night.

E．Exercise increases total sleep time, which leads to greater sleep satisfaction.

F．The amount will vary, depending on factors such EIS age and fitness level.

G．Exercise increases the amount of a chemical, which can increase body temperature.

9 . Mary Lyon was a leader in women’s education in the nineteenth century. It was a time when women’s education was not considered important in the United States. States did require each town to provide a school for children, but there were not enough teachers. Most young women were not able to continue their education. If they did, they often were not taught much except the French language, how to sew clothing, and music.

Mary Lyon felt that women’s education was extremely important. She believed women were teachers both in the home and in the classroom. Mary opened a school for young women in the village of Buckland. She suggested new ways of teaching, including holding discussion groups for students.

Then, Mary began to raise money for her dream school for the higher education of women. This school would own its own property (财产), guided by an independent group of direction. Its   finances would be the responsibility of the directors. It would not depend on any one person to continue. And, the students would share in cleaning and cooking to keep costs down. In 1837, Mary Lyon opened Mount Holyoke Seminary for Women. In 1893, 34 years after her death, under a state law, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary became the first college to offer women the same kind of education as men.

Mary’s efforts led to the spread of higher education for women in the United States. Her influence lasted as the many students from her schools went out to teach others.

1. What was American women’s problem with education in the 19th century?

A．Teachers were careless about teaching.

B．They had few choices about the subjects.

C．The government paid no attention to education.

D．They had no chance to continue their education.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．Mary thought little of women’s education.

B．Mary preferred women to be educated at home.

C．Mary attached importance to women’s education.

D．Group discussions were not held in Mary’s school.

3. What was Mary’s dream school like?

A．It would have very strict rules.

B．It would be independent in finance.

C．It would be owned by the government.

D．It would depend on some important person.

4. Why is Mary still remembered by Americans?

A．She set up the first college.

B．She made women equal to men.

C．She helped to pass American education law.

D．She improved American women’s education.

10 . It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week, and the present amount of reporting will undoubtedly increase further in years to come. This is certainly having an influence on the live sports events themselves, and there are both benefits and shortcomings to this.

    1     For one thing, with digital broadcasting, there are now many more TV channels than there were even ten years ago. Moreover, sport has become an important form of entertainment, attracting both men and women.

What are the benefits of this televised sport?     2     Large football clubs benefit financially(财政上) from TV income and the top players can be well paid. Less popular sports also receive money that can be used in training and advertising. What’s more, there is a health benefit to some of the population.     3    

However, there will be some disadvantages if so much sport is on television. Considering football again, many small clubs have suffered financial losses recently, as they cannot compete with the large ones.     4     Fewer people watch live matches nowadays, preferring to watch from the comfort of their living room. And ticket prices have risen greatly.

In a word, watching live sport on television has both good and bad effects. Televised sport has created many chances and benefited certain people and clubs very much.     5    

A．Why has there been such growth in televised sport?

B．Why are there so many benefits of watching live sport on television?

C．Televised sport can be helpful in increasing people’s value of teamwork.

D．There has been a general falling in ticket sales, especially among smaller clubs.

E．Through televised sport, more people have become interested in actually playing sport.

F．One obvious advantage of televised sport is the money provided by television companies.

G．However, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports events for ever.