1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.

A．How to make different hats.	B．Why soldiers wear helmets.
C．Hats in different times and countries.	D．The best type of hat to wear.

2.

A．Horsemen.	B．Soldiers.
C．Slaves.	D．The working classes.

3.

A．Bowlers.

B．Top hats.

C．Helmets

D．Cloth caps.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Walmart has a plan to tackle the climate crisis. Can it pull it off?

Every day a seemingly never-ending stream of toothbrushes, toilet paper, tape, thumbtacks, toys and     1       products criss-cross the globe from a network of suppliers to Walmart's more than 10,500 stores.

The retailer, which was for many years     2     (big) in the world until Amazon took

    3     crown in August, has a supply chain almost unfathomably complex. And it comes with a huge carbon-footprint. In 2019 the company emitted 17.56m metric tons of greenhouse gases.

Walmart has declared its mission     4     (tackle) these climate impacts, which means focusing on every part of the chain-from the electricity sourced in its stores to the palm oil in the candy bars sold on its shelves. But     5     some experts celebrate the scale of the retailer's efforts, others wonder whether they go far enough.

Over the past years, Walmart     6     (come) out with a slew of climate promises. In 2017, it launched "Project Gigaton", pledging to cut 1bn metric tons of carbon emissions from its supply chain by 2030. Last year it announced a goal to reach zero emissions from its global operations by 2040 without relying on carbon offsets - where companies "cancel out" some of their impact by funding projects that reduce carbon emissions. It's also promised to be a 100% renewably-powered, zero waste and "regenerative" corporation that does more good than harm.

"It's extraordinary," said Michael Vandenbergh, co-director of the Climate Change Research Network at Vanderbilt Law School,     7     we're talking about is one of the largest and most conservative companies in the world     8    (make) a range of commitments     9       government is not requiring them to make."

Yet it's an uphill task for a retail giant with a business model based on providing tens of millions of low-priced products to a growing number of customers. The big question will be     10     this type of business model can persist in a way that aligns with climate science, said Simon Fischweicher, head of corporations and supply chains for environmental nonprofit CDP North America.

3 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Four-day Workweek

In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. If a law required companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay, it would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.

The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional pay the company has to prepare for these people, because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone(容易出错的) employees for the same money, which would increase company profits.

For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate.

Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.

4 . The internet has transformed the way people work and communicate. It has upended(颠倒) industries, from entertainment to retailing. But its most profound effect may well be on the biggest decision that most people make -- choosing a mate.

In the early 1990s the notion of meeting a partner online seemed freakish, and not a little pathetic. Today, in many places, it is normal. Smartphones have put virtual bars in people's pockets, where singletons can mingle free from the constraints of social or physical geography.

Digital dating is a massive social experiment, conducted on one of humanity's most intimate and vital processes. Its effects are only just starting to become visible.

The greater choice of meeting one Mr/Mrs. Right makes the digital dating market far more efficient than the offline kind. For some, that is bad news. Because of the gulf in pickiness between the sexes, a few straight men are doomed never to get any matches at all. On Tantan, a Chinese app, men express interest in 60% of women they see, but women are interested in just 6% of men; this dynamic means that 5% of men never receive a match.

For most people, however, digital dating-offers better outcomes. Research has found that marriages in America between people who meet online are likely to last longer, such couples profess to be happier than those who met offline. Online dating is a particular boon(好处、益处) for those with very particular requirements. I date allows daters to filter out matches who would not consider converting to Judaism, for instance.

The fact that online daters have so much more choice can break down barriers; evidence suggests that the internet is boosting interracial marriages by bypassing homogenous social groups. But daters are also more able to choose partners like themselves. Assortative mating already shoulders some of the blame for income inequality. Online dating may make the effect more pronounced: education levels are displayed prominently on dating profiles in a way they would never be offline.

But even if the market does not become ever more concentrated, the process of coupling (or not) has unquestionably become more centralised. Romance used to be a distributed activity which took place in a profusion of bars, clubs, churches and offices; now enormous numbers of people rely on a few companies to meet their mate. That hands a small number of coders(编程员) tremendous power to engineer mating outcomes. Competition offers some protection against such a possibility; so too might greater transparency over the principles used by dating apps to match people up.

Yet such concerns should not obscure(使模糊) the good that comes from the modern way of romance. The right partners can elevate(提升) and nourish(滋养) each other. The wrong ones can ruin both their lives. Digital dating offers millions of people a more efficient way to find a good mate. That is something to love.

1. Which is NOT the benefits brought by digital dating?

A．A straight man sees a higher chance of finding a mate.

B．Certain requirements can be met through filtering out the unqualified potential 'candidates'.

C．Efficiency of finding a mate has been raised thanks to the wider choices.

D．People who find like-minded matches online are happier in their marriages.

2. What does the underlined word “pronounced” mean in paragraph 6?

A．marked

B．subtle

C．difficult

D．inviting

3. What does “that” refer to in paragraph 7?

A．The desire of people to find a mate quickly.

B．The heavy reliance of people on a dating website or professional company.

C．The higher chance of meeting a mate online.

D．The narrower distribution of people seeking mates.

4. What is the attitude of the author toward this new form of dating trend?

A．Indifferent.

B．Neutral

C．Supportive

D．Critical.

5 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. allowed        B. broadcast        C. checked            D. complaints          E. degrade F. entertain       G. fictional       H. figures       I. remote       J. series        K. unpleasant

Reality TV began in the early 1980s, when a Japanese television company made a programme, Endurance. Starting with thousands of contestants in the first show, the programme presenters made them do really difficult and     1     things in every episode(集). The presenters made fun of the contestants, too. Viewing     2     in Japan were enormous.

In another reality TV programme, Survivor, sixteen people are taken to a(n)     3     island and made to stay there for more than a month. They have to find their own food or go hungry. The producers let the contestants take one luxury item each. Every three days, one contestant must leave the island and the last person wins £1 million.

It's not just adults who take part in these shows. A television     4     in Britain in 2003, That'll teach 'em, took 30 teenagers and put them in a(n)     5     King's school, where they lived for one month and received 1950s-style tuition. The pupils were made to wear thick 1950s school uniforms (including a school hat) during the hot summer and they had to do a long run every day. "They made us have cold showers and we had to have our hands     6     every day to see if they were clean," says one pupil. "We couldn't take anything from our modern lives into the school." Although there was no prize money in this programme, the teenagers learned a lot from the experience.

In 2004, there was a programme in Britain where contestants were not     7     to sleep for seven days to try to win £ 97,000 prize money. The winner was 19-year-old Clare Southern. However, this programme had many     8     from viewers.

But where will it stop? Programmes like this are     9     all over the world. But there was people who think that these programmes     10     both the contestants and the viewers, and feel that contestants are often made to do dangerous things to make good television.

6 . The Clean Meat Revolution Is Coming

"If we can grow meat without the animal, why wouldn't we?"

This _______ wasn't from a science fiction writer or the head of The Humane Society of the United States. _______, this came from Tom Hayes toward the end of his tenure (任期) as the CEO of Tyson Foods. Yes, that Tyson. Synonymous with "chicken," Tyson is by far the largest producer of meat in the U. S.

Why would the CEO of Tyson want to _______ the animal from meat production? In part because meat production will be more _______ that way — by growing meat without bones, feathers, or hair, we can get more meat with the same resources. And good things too, as United Nations scientists say that raising and killing animals for food is "one of the major _______ of the world's most pressing environmental problems, including global warming, land degradation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity." With a growing world population, there are simply not enough resources to _______ current meat production to feed everyone.

Companies around the world are rapidly _______ the cost of animal-free meat — meat grown directly in facility _______ to a brewery (啤酒厂), rather than as part of an animal. This "cell-based meat" is the meat everyone is used to, right down to the DNA. In addition to being more efficient, there will be no waste pollution. And because the meat will be grown in clean conditions, it won't _______ the use of antibiotics.

With all these ________, the answer to "why wouldn't we?" becomes even more obvious. Although there are technical challenges to increase production to be cost-competitive with ________ meat, no scientific breakthroughs are necessary to bring meat without the animal to our plates.

Perhaps the main question now is which country will lead the way. The governments of Japan, the Netherlands and Israel have already invested in research and startups ________ producing this kind of meat. Given the magnitude of the global problems that clean meat can help address, those efforts abroad deserve to be ________.

And then just a few weeks ago, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and the U. S. Department of Agriculture formally announced their plan for joint oversight of clean meat production within their current regulatory framework.

This announcement ended months of ________ and speculation (猜测), giving leading clean meat companies like Memphis Meats and JUST a clear signal that they will have a straightforward and fair path to market in the U. S. Given the many challenges humanity faces, it is, ________ to know we have an incredibly beneficial innovation within reach — one that won't require anyone to give up the foods they love.

1.

A．issue

B．question

C．comment

D．choice

2.

A．Rather

B．Besides

C．Moreover

D．Therefore

3.

A．remove

B．release

C．kill

D．protect

4.

A．beneficial

B．popular

C．common

D．efficient

5.

A．purposes

B．confusions

C．causes

D．consequences

6.

A．cease

B．increase

C．control

D．maintain

7.

A．refunding

B．sharing

C．lowering

D．splitting

8.

A．relative

B．superior

C．available

D．similar

9.

A．abandon

B．limit

C．involve

D．promote

10.

A．resources

B．benefits

C．efforts

D．duties

11.

A．raw

B．tender

C．fresh

D．conventional

12.

A．separated from

B．opposed to

C．focusing on

D．appealing to

13.

A．applauded

B．discouraged

C．planned

D．undermined

14.

A．ignorance

B．sympathy

C．uncertainty

D．practice

15.

A．relaxing

B．horrifying

C．surprising

D．thrilling

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Craftsmen enjoy their brush with success

NANCHANG — Zhou Pengcheng, 76, has dedicated his life       1     the centuries-old intangible cultural heritage of making writing brushes.

Zhou, who hails from Wengang township in East China's Jiangxi province, has been engaged in this ancient handicraft for more than six decades.

Wengang's long-standing tryst with brush pens dates back to 1979. Over the decades, the town has grown into one of the country's biggest brush-pen markets,     2     (attract) tens of thousands of buyers from across China.

In Chinese culture, writing brushes     3     (count) among the "four treasures of study", and Wengang is known as the "hometown of China's writing brush".

More than 400 brush-making enterprises and over 2,200 brush workshops are located in     4     township. And almost every family in the town makes     5     living through the brush manufacturing industry.

Zhou     6     (work) in the sector since he was 8 years old. "In the 1970s, writing brushes made in Jiangxi were not so well recognized by people in China and the rest of the world,     7     spurred me on to improve and adjust brush-making techniques according to the needs of customers," says Zhou, adding that he finally succeeded after about eight years of hard work.

The craft of making writing brushes in Wengang involves 128 steps. The local brushes have proved popular in overseas markets, such as Asia, Europe, and the United States, and particularly in Japan and the Republic of Korea.

"I found calligraphy     8     (fascinate), especially the power and visual impact of Chinese calligraphy," says Alister Inglis, professor of Chinese language and literature at Simmons University. The foreign teacher takes an interest in     9     the shape, length and bristles of the brush reflect the type of written characters.

In June, Wengang's brush-making skills were listed as a national intangible cultural heritage, says Wu Shaoyun, Party chief of the town.

"Since the beginning of this year, we have mainly focused on how     10     (transform) the brush-making industry into a cultural industry. We have been working hard to improve the techniques and further inherit this craft," says Wu.

Currently, the town is eyeing a new boom in the digital era. It has launched tailored services to better meet customer needs in areas of culture, tourism and e-commeice.

8 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. contact；B. consulting；C. revealed；D. remove；E. based；F. professional G. launched；H. shivering；I. requesting；J. unwilling；K. reminded

Su Xiao, 49, and Xu Guangchun, 42, are like-minded souls on the streets of Beijing, checking surveillance cameras and     1     passersby, with a near-constant barrage of calls on their phones.

They are on the lookout for senior citizens with Alzheimer's disease, a hard-hitting disease that can easily     2     a patient's memory and other major mental functions.

Seven years ago, Su and Xu co-founded the Beijing Voluntary Emergency Rescue Service Center, which     3     a public welfare campaign to help families find their lost elders in 2016.

Su, an outdoor sports lover, is a seasoned mountain rescue     4    . On New Year's Day of 2016, he was on his way to a nearby ski resort where he ran into a listless and pale elderly woman who was holding a sack and     5     in the cold under a bridge.

She was mumbling, saying that she was about to buy noodles for her son, and this    6     Su of his grandmother, an Alzheimer's patient.

Su reported the situation to the police and they found a scrap of paper with a     7     number in her pocket. It turned out that days had passed since she lost contact with her her family and she had traveled more than 40 kilometers from her home in southwestern Beijing to an unfamiliar neighborhood in the east of the city.

According to statistics     8     by a white paper released in 2016 by the Zhongmin Social Assistance Institute, about 500,000 senior citizens get lost each year, with about 80 percent over the age of 65. Alzheimer's disease is one of the top reasons for them going missing.

Su and his rescue team watch surveillance videos first to sort out clues before further rescue efforts, and rely on the elderly person's experiences in their childhood and youth as clues when looking for them.

He once managed to find an 80-year-old along a river in a suburb of Beijing,     9     on the elderly person's childhood life experience of living on a riverboat.

The youngest person they have found was in their late 40s, Su said, adding that patients aged under 60 are difficult for family members and other people to spot, not to mention those who dismiss the illness as ominous and are     10     to confide in their neighbors, relatives or friends.

Su and Xu's "lost and found" service has sent more than 320 elderly back home safe and sound. More than 500 volunteers, including some family members of people they have found, have joined the rescue team.

"The farther we walk, the closer the lost elders get to their homes," Su said.

9 . Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.revealed     B.display   C.doubles     D.contrary     E.suggestions   F.raw G.advance     H.dramatic   I.functions     J.connected   K.developed

Your new smart TV might be your pride and joy today but they will pale into insignificance compared with the technology expected to fill homes by 2030.

And now experts at Rightmove have    1     what this home of the future will look like.

In just two years’ time, a temperature-changing mattress(床垫) will come into being that warms up in the winter and stays cool in the summer.Self-cleaning fabrics(布), truly waterproof materials and personal climate control are all being     2     now, and are also shown in the house in 2021.

Fast forward to 2023, a “smart window” appears in the bedroom that    3     as a screen; while in the bathroom, there’s a flexible     4    that’s also a shower curtain meaning users could check social media while washing in a shower that recycles water.

A smart mirror, which is actually a screen with an integrated computer, could even make polite outfit (服装）    5    to act like a personal stylist.

And by 2025 the experts predict there will be self-heating towels.

While in 2030 the home will seem like an incredibly hi-tech space, with    6     changes seen in every room.All homes will have an “AI console” in the living room, described as “the living brain of the modern home” that controls security, lighting and temperature, monitors energy usage and orders groceries, among other    7    .

Perhaps most excitingly, there’s a 3D printer that could be used to print everything from tools and electronics to food and clothing using just    8     material blocks and “recipes” downloaded from the Internet.

And the experts predict that by 2030, the machines will be as popular as televisions.Pocket-lint’s Stuart Miles said that every single electronic device in the home will be     9    to the Internet, including the doorbell.

Tim Danton, Editor of PC Pro magazine thinks smart phones will     10    to the point that we’ll be able to control nearly everything in the house with them--even if we’re not home

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Natural early risers are less likely to develop mental health problems than night owls, according to scientists.

    1     (program) biologically to wake up early is linked to greater happiness and a lower risk of schizophrenia (精神分裂症) and depression. Evening types may be at greater risk     2     mainly early start times at work.

Prof Mike Weedon, of the University of Exeter, said, “    3     large number of people in our study means we have provided the strongest evidence to date     4     ‘night owls’ are at higher risk of mental health problems, such as schizophrenia and lower mental well-being,     5     farther studies are needed to understand this link.”

The study     6     (use) genetic data from 250^000 participants signing up to help the research and 450,000 people in the UK Biobank study Participants were asked whether they were “a morning person” or an “evening person”, and their genomes (基因组) were analysed,       7     (reveal) genes that people shared that appeared to influence sleep patterns.

The number of areas of the genome known to influence     8     someone is a riser has grown from 24 to 351. “This study highlights a large number of genes which can be studied in more detail to work out how different people can have different body clocks,” said Weedon.

The evidence suggested evening types were roughly 10% more likely to develop schizophrenia while morning people were also at lower risk of depression and reported     9     (be) happier in well-being questionnaires.

Samuel Jones, the paper’s lead author, said that the current hypothesis is that evening types have to work     10     their natural body clock in the world of work, which may have negative consequences. Another possibility is that the body-clock genes have a more direct influence on vulnerability to certain conditions.