1 . Twenty years ago, the word “smartphone” didn’t exist. By necessity, neither did the word “dumbphone.” In two decades, we might talk about all of our appliances in similar ways. From ovens to garage doors to insulin pumps to vehicles, many of our devices are going to be connected to the Internet in the same sense that our phones are now. One company, SmartThings   sells devices that help consumers control their lights and locks while they’re not at home, for example. Eventually, these items will be able to respond to signals from one another independent of human input.     1    .

That could be great, but it also vastly expands the universe of things that could go wrong, particularly when it comes to privacy. Take dishwashers. At heart, they're very simple machines. But a hacked dishwasher might start running on overdrive, going through multiple cycles, wasting gallons of water and costing you extra and possibly flooding your house. Although the folks who make dishwashers may be fantastic engineers, or even great computer programmers, it doesn’t necessarily imply they’re equipped to protect Internet users from the beginning,

    2     Hacking is just an extreme case. Short of that, there are all kinds of security problems that could crop up in an Internet of Things situation. Many of these devices are pumping out vast amounts of data. According to Hagins, a modest 10,000 households have SmartThings installed. Together, those homes produce 150 million data points a day.

    3    As early as 2010, Siemens said it was capable of using its smart meters to learn some pretty incredible things about our energy usage: “We, Siemens, have the technology to record it every minute, second, microsecond”. From that we can infer how many people are in the house, what they do, whether they're upstairs, downstairs, do you have a dog, when do you habitually get up, when do you have a shower: masses of private data.     4    

One difference between data-hungry businesses like Google and your future home network of Internet-enabled objects is that some of those devices may not need to talk to each other over the public Internet. If they’re connected to the same Wi-Fi network, maybe those devices won’t need to transmit data across the Web. “Utilize but keep the data within the home boundary, the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Lee Tien suggested ‘‘Keep the interesting variations within the home boundary.”

A．Securing that data is something that even big-name tech companies struggle with. So how do we fix that?

B．“It’s not just that the consumers don’t understand the technology,” said Jeff Hagins, co¬founder of SmartThings. It’s also that the people building it don’t understand it. Just because I know how to program doesn’t mean I understand these vulnerabilities at all.”

C．That raises another potential problem, though. If your home Wi-Fi password is all that stands between a spy or hacker and your networked devices, you wind up with a single point of failure.

D．The information may be relatively unimportant, such as battery levels or temperatures, but when in adds up, it can produce extremely detailed profiles of your behavior.

E．The same holds true for the auto industry, where many companies have begun experiment with new technologies that let cars communicate with one another.

F．Your bathroom scale might tell your refrigerator that you’re overweight, and your fridge might start recommending healthier recipes.

2 . Long before the Europeans arrived on Easter Island in 1722, the native Polynesian culture known as Rapa Nui showed signs of demographic decline. However, the catalyst has long been debated in the scientific community. Was it environmental degradation or could a political revolution or an epidemic of disease be to blame?

A new study by a group of international researchers, including UC Santa Barbara s Oliver Chadwick, offers a different explanation and helps to clarify the chronological framework. The investigators expected to find that changes coincided with the arrival of the Europeans, but their work shows instead that the extinction of the Rapa Nui culture began prior to that. Their findings are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“In the current Easter Island debate, one side says the Rapa Nui severely damaged their environment and killed themselves off,” said Chadwick, a professor in UC Santa Barbara’s Department of Geography and the Environmental Studies Program. “The other side says it had nothing to do with cultural behavior, that it was the Europeans who brought disease that killed the Rapa Nui. Our results show that there is some of both going on, but the important point is that we show evidence of some communities being abandoned prior to European contact.”

Chadwick joined archaeologists Christopher Stevenson of Virginia Commonwealth University, Cedric Puleston of UC Davis and Thegn Ladefoged of the University of Auckland in examining six agriculture sites used by the island’s statue-building inhabitants. Their research focused mainly on the three sites for which they had information on climate, soil chemistry and land use trends as determined by an analysis of obsidian spear points.

The team used flakes of obsidian, a natural glass, as a dating tool. Measuring the amount of water that had penetrated the obsidian’s surface allowed them to calculate approximately how long it had been exposed and to determine its age.

The first site the researchers analyzed was near the northwest coast. Lying in the rain shadow of a volcano, it had low rainfall and relatively high soil nutrient availability. The second study site, on the interior side of the volcanic mountain, experienced high rainfall but had a low nutrient supply; the third, another near-coastal are in the northeast, was characterized by intermediate amounts of rainfall and relatively high soil nutrients.

‘‘When we evaluate the length of time that the land was used based on the age distribution of each site’s obsidian flakes, which we used as an index of human habitation, we find that the very dry area and the very wet area were abandoned before European contact.” Chadwick said. The area that had relatively high nutrients and intermediate rainfall maintained a robust population well after European contact.”

These results suggest that the Rapa Nui reacted to regional variations and natural environmental barriers to producing sufficient crops rather than degrading the environment themselves. In the nutrient-rich center where they could produce food well, they were able to maintain a viable culture even under the threat of external factors, including European diseases such as smallpox, syphilis and tuberculosis.

“The pullback from the marginal areas suggests that the Rapa Nui couldn’t continue to maintain the food resources necessary to keep the statue builders in business,” Chadwick included. “So we see the story as one of pushing against constraints and having to pull back than one of violent collapse.”

1. Which of the following has the closest meaning to “catalyst” in paragraph one?

A．Chemical substance

B．Cause

C．Consequence

D．Evidence

2. As regards what happened to Easter island, the current common belief holds ________.

A．that Polynesian culture’s impacts on the environment destroyed the culture in turn.

B．that the Europeans brought disease on the island, thus killing is culture.

C．that some Polynesian culture was abandoned before the Europeans came.

D．two different views.

3. According to Oliver Chadwick’s research on the agriculture sites, what is the reason why some areas were abandoned?

A．the failure to produce food for the workers in the areas.

B．the threat of European diseases.

C．the heavy workload of the island’s statue-building inhabitants.

D．a lack of sites with both high rainfall and high soil nutrients.

4. Which of the following serves as the best title for the passage?

A．The extinction of Rapa Nui: Two opposing views

B．Rapa Nu: The culture worth preservation

C．The native Polynesian culture: Researchers come to its rescue

D．Easter Island mystery: Why did the native culture die out

3 . National University of Singapore

Admissions for Chinese High School Students

Requirement	Applicants who have completed the high school final examination	Applicants who will be completing the high school final examination after application closing date
Minimum apply	Gao Kao results	Senior Middle 2 Semester 2 results
	A good pass in Gao Kao and one of the following: (i)IELTS (ii)TOEFL (iii)Cl Advanced / Cambridge English: Advanced (iv)PTE Academic	A good pass in Gao Kao by June 2022 and one of the following: (i)IELTS (ii)TOEFL (iii)Cl Advanced/ Cambridge English: Advanced (iv)PTE Academic
Course Qualification	Qualified for all courses	Not qualified for Dentistry /Law/Medicine/ Nursing
Application Closing Date	28 February 2022

◇ Notes

1. For applicants who would be sitting for the Gao Kao examination in 2022, please submit your actual results within 3 calendar days upon result release to the NUS Office of Admissions.

2. Application will only be processed upon submission of your Gao Kao results together with an acceptable English Language score by the application closing date. Internet print-out of your Gao Kao results can be accepted provisionally. The print-out must clearly reflect your full name.

3. Senior Middle 3 students who are not sitting for Gao Kao as the graduation examination should apply under ‘Other High School Qualifications, by presenting ACT with Writing or SAT, together with SAT Subject Tests or Advanced Placement Test scores and their latest high school results.

• English Language Requirement for NUS

The medium of instruction at NUS is English. To enable you to benefit from an NUS education, we expect you to have achieved a minimum level of English proficiency. For certain qualifications, you are also required to furnish additional English Language test scores applicants may present any of the following to fulfil the English Language requirement:

Test	Minimum Acceptable Score
Cl Advanced/Cambridge English: Advanced	180
EL119	C6
IELTS	6.5 overall with 6.5in Reading and Writing components
Mu ET	200(for 2020 examination and before) 240(for 2021 examination onwards)
PTE Academic	62 overall with 62 in Reading and Writing components
TOEFL	92-93 forintemet-based/580forpaper-based

1. Which of the four Chinese high school students below will be qualified to apply for National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2022?

A．Li Kuan: High School Final Examination (Completed), Gaokao Score in 2021 (High), TOEFLE (570 for paper-based), applying for Biology.

B．Ji Yang: High School Final Examination (Completed), Gaokao Score in 2021 (Low), TPTE Academic (65 overall, with 62 in Reading and 61 in Writing), applying for Medicine.

C．Qian Yu: Senior Middle 2, Semester 2 Results, Gaokao Score by June, 2022(High), MUET (242, for 2021 examination), applying for Law.

D．Wang Xiao: Senior Middle 2, Semester 2 Results, Gaokao Score by June, 2022(High), IELTS (7 overall, with 6.5 in Reading and 7 in Writing), applying for English language and literature.

2. Zhang Jiao is a Chinese high school student who will sit for Gaokao in 2022. Suppose her examination result will be released in June 24th 2022 (Friday), which will be the last day she has to submit her result to NUS?

A．June 27th, 2022.	B．June 28th, 2022.
C．June 29th, 2022.	D．June 30th, 2022.

3. If a high school student from China does not want to sit for Gao Kao as the graduation examination but still wants to apply for NUS, he/she can present all the following EXCEPT ________?

A．SAT, Advanced Placement Test scores and the latest high school results.

B．ACT with Writing, SAT and the latest high school results.

C．ACT with Writing, SAT Subject Tests and the latest high school results.

D．SAT, SAT Subject Tests and the latest high school results.

4 . They were going to Florida — three boys and three girls. They were dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the grey, cold spring of New York vanished behind them. Vingo was on the bus from the beginning.

As the bus passed through New Jersey, they began to notice that Vingo never moved. He sat in front of the young people, his dusty face masking his age, dressed in a plain brown suit that did not fit him. He sat in complete silence and seemed completely unaware of the existence of the others.

Deep into the night, the bus pulled into a Howard Johnson’s restaurant and everybody got off the bus except Vingo. The young people began to wonder about him: perhaps he was a sea captain; maybe he could be an old soldier going home.

In the morning they awoke outside another Howard Johnson’s and this time Vingo went in. A girl invited him to join them. He seemed very shy and ordered black coffee and smoked nervously, as the young people chattered about sleeping on beaches. When they got back on the bus, the girl sat with Vingo again.

“Are you married?”

“I don’t know.”

“You don’t know?” she said.

‘‘Well, when I was in jail I wrote to my wife. I said, ‘Martha, I was going to be away a long time. If you couldn’t stand it, if the kids kept asking questions, you could just forget me. I told her she didn’t have to write to me or anything, and she didn’t. Not for three-and-a-half years.

“And you’re going home now, not knowing?”

“Yeah. Well, last week, when I was sure the parole (有条件释放) was coming through I wrote her again. I told her that if she had a new guy, I understood. But, if she didn’t, if she would take me back she should let me know. We used to live in Brunswick, and there’s a great oak tree just as you come into town. I told her if she would take me back, she should tie a yellow ribbon (丝带) to the tree, and I would get off and come home. If she didn’t want me, forget it, no ribbon and I’d understand and keep going on through.”

“Wow,” the girl said “Wow.”

She told the others, and soon all of them were caught up in the approach of Brunswick. Now they were 20 miles from Brunswick, and the young people took the window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-criminal’s mask, and ________ . Then it was 10 miles, and then five, and the bus became very quiet.

Then suddenly all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, shaking clenched fists in triumph and exaltation. All except Vingo.

Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree through his misty eyes. The tree was covered with yellow ribbons, 30 of them, 50 of them, maybe hundreds, a tree that stood like a flag of welcome, blowing and billowing in the wind. As the young people shouted, the old ex-criminal slowly rose from his seat, holding himself tightly, and made his way to the front of the bus to go home.

1. In the beginning, Vingo was sting in silence without interacting with others most probably because ________.

A．he was too shy and nervous to utter a word

B．he was lost in thought and uncertainty.

C．he did not want to ruin the joyful atmosphere among other passengers.

D．he felt inferior to others due to his criminal past

2. What can we learn about the six passengers?

A．They embarrassed Vingo by breaking his silence.

B．They hid their great concern for Vingo’s past.

C．They showed trust and sympathy towards Vingo.

D．They hoped Vingo could make his own decision instead of waiting for his wife’s response.

3. Which sentence will fit best in the blank in the third to last paragraph?

A．preparing himself for still another disappointment.

B．wanting to get away from the other passengers’ noise.

C．not ready to accept whatever lies ahead for him.

D．hoping he did not inform the other passengers of his story.

4. What does the hundreds of yellow ribbons in the end symbolize?

A．a show of respect from Vingo’s family.

B．a last warning from Vingo’s wife.

C．a expression of sympathy from Vingo’s wife.

D．a display of forgiveness from Vingo’s wife.

5 . The first signs of distress came not with panic, but positivity, “Hope you all are feeling safe and at peace sitting down with your family,” one influencer wrote, paired with a selfie _________ her adorable children in pajamas. The new coronavirus provided an opportunity to reflect, to _________, to use code RACHEL for 30 percent off on home fitness classes.

The influencers carried on in a casual dress, drinking coffee, modeling a sense of _________ in the face of disaster.

Privately, though, some influencers have watched with a growing sense of fear as the world collapses, taking their earning potential with it. Brand deals have dried up; sponsored posts have been delayed. The great reckoning (算总账) is unlikely to destroy the influencer industry—by now, it’s already too big—_________ the business of influence is going to change. “If you think about the way an economic recession works, some companies survive and some companies don’t,” says Angela Seits, senior director at the digital agency PMG “I think that could be _________ to what happens in the influencer industry.

For years, the influencer economy has operated in _________ times. Large marketing budgets funded closets full of expensive clothes and paid vacations to exotic resorts. With more Americans taking cues from social media about where and what to buy, _________ had started to go all in; a survey by Mediakix, an influencer marketing agency, found that 17 percent of companies spent over half their marketing budget on influencers in 2020 One report estimated that influencer marketing would grow to $9.7 billion in 2021.

It’s not all mega-influencers, either. Micro-influencers, who have targeted followings under 100,000 make up the _________ of the industry. Even people with just a few thousand followers can earn hundreds of dollars for a single sponsored post. It’s not hard to earn an income this way. Eight-year-olds can do it, provided some adult   _________.

As the new coronavirus sends the world dashing toward a recession, though, more appealing aspects of the influencer lifestyle have come to a(n)   __________. Paid trips have no place amid lockdowns, nor do street-style photo shoots to model __________ clothes. And it’s not clear that those opportunities will reappear in the future — __________, not for everyone. “The pandemic is having a major impact on the overall influence industry, and it’ll likely have lasting effects, “ says Seits.

For one thing, there’s just __________ money to go around As of March, the market research firm eMarketer found that about a third of influencers were already seeing fewer collaborations. Some of those may return as the economy recovers, but other brands will cut ties with influencers who haven’t shown they can __________ sales. Even before the pandemic, ‘‘brands were already starting to __________ longer-term cooperation with influencers versus one-off partnerships,” says Jasmine Enberg, a senior analyst at eMarketer. Now, Enberg expects that trend to accelerate.

1.

A．questioning

B．disciplining

C．featuring

D．accessing

2.

A．review

B．resist

C．rest

D．reset

3.

A．ease

B．humour

C．belonging

D．purpose

4.

A．since

B．so

C．if

D．but

5.

A．contrary

B．identical

C．fatal

D．subject

6.

A．cruel

B．boom

C．special

D．dark

7.

A．brands

B．disaster

C．influencers

D．cons tuners

8.

A．backbone

B．support

C．decline

D．miracle

9.

A．opponents

B．campaign

C．supervision

D．criticism

10.

A．stop

B．crisis

C．conclusion

D．agreement

11.

A．imagined

B．customized

C．regulated

D．sponsored

12.

A．in particular

B．at least

C．for example

D．at most

13.

A．adequate

B．no

C．more

D．less

14.

A．predict

B．drive

C．cut

D．stabilize

15.

A．accept

B．overlook

C．prioritize

D．fight

6 . Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is only one word more than you need.

A. indivisible     B. resolve     C. horizons     D. challenge     E. secure     F. will     G. sights     H. triumph I. suspended     J. press     K. struck

Inaugural (就职的) Address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.

THE PRESIDENT: Chief Justice Roberts, Vice President Harris, Speaker Pelosi, Leader Schumer, Leader McConnell, Vice President Pence, distinguished guests, and my fellow Americans:

This is Americans day. This is democracy’s day. A day of history and hope. Of renewal and     1    . Through a crucible (磨炼) for the ages America has been tested a new and America has risen to the     2    .

Today, we celebrate the     3     not of a candidate, but of a cause, the cause of democracy. The     4    of the people has been heard and has been heeded. We have learned again that democracy is precious. Democracy is fragile. And at this hour, my friends, democracy has prevailed.

So now, on this hallowed ground where just days ago violence sought to shake this Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation, under God,     5     to carry out the peaceful transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries. We look ahead in our uniquely American way — restless, bold, optimistic — and set our     6     on the nation we know we can be and we must be.

Over the centuries through storm and strife, in peace and in war, we have come so far. But we still have far to go. We will     7     forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and possibility. Much to repair. Much to restore. Much to heal. Much to build. And much to gain.

Few periods in our nation’s history have been more challenging or difficult than the one we’re in now. A once-in-a-century virus silently     8     the country. it’s taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War IL Millions of jobs have been lost. Hundreds of thousands of businesses closed. A cry for racial justice some 400 years in the making moves us. The dream of justice for all will be     9     no longer.

A cry for survival comes from the planet itself. A cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear.

And now, a rise in political extremism, white supremacy, domestic terrorism that we must confront and we will defeat.

To overcome these challenges—to restore the soul and to     10     the future of America—requires more than words. It requires that most elusive of things in a democracy: Unity.

7 . Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is only one word more than you need.

A. humble     B. season     C. taste     D. legendary     E. enterprise     F. unexplored     G. unattractive H. unfounded     I. shelter     J. adventures     K. comforts

An Excerpt from The Woods Were Tossing with Jewels

In 1899 when I was five years old and living in Palmetto, Florida, my father decided to take his family through the wilds of the Everglades and have a claim on an offshore island. His purpose was to farm this island but behind this was his wish to give us a     1     of the way he grew up. He had been a cowboy in the Myakka area when he was fifteen years old. These ranchlands overlapped the north end of the Everglades at a time when it was     2    .

His life was a series of     3    . He had lost a father and a brother in the Civil War. His father’s carriage house in Charleston, South Carolina, and his nearby plantation were in the line of Sherman’s march. His widow took her eight-year-old son, my father, and fled to Quincy, Florida. When Papa finished school at the academy there, he went to work as a cowboy on a ranch in Myakka for a friend of his dead father’s. By age thirty, he was a county sheriff, no     4     job in those days, and his territory was wide ranging. The county he served was later split up into six or eight counties.

South Florida was     5     to many because of the mosquitoes, panthers, crocodiles, swamps, and wetlands. But these marks of wild country called to my father like the     6     siren song.

He started building a covered wagon around the fourth of July and we went into the wilderness with him in the fall. We had made our home in Palmetto for a year or so where my mother’s gentle folks, the Harrisons, had settled following the Civil War. Our comfortable two- story frame house on the Manatee River was set about with live oaks, guavas, and long-leafed pine that branched out from the foot of the tree to     7     our cow and provide a roost for the chickens. My grandfather was the town doctor. He doctored the entire county and was paid in eggs and ham and vegetables when they were in     8    . It was an idyllic life, and we lived close to our family and to the     9     and safety a small town could afford. But Papa was a man of     10    ; he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the state were rich in soil for crops and in game for food.

8 . Neuro-technology has long been a favourite of science-fiction writers. In “Neuromancer”, a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984, people can use neural(神经的) implants to get into the sensory experiences of others. Iain M. Banks came up with the idea of a neural lace, a mesh (网格) that grows into the brain, in his “Culture” series of novels. “The Terminal Man” by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans.

Where the sci-fi led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck’s lab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Traditionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and robbing the patient of a sense of control. The lab’s ethicist (伦理学家), Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of isolation and complain of feeling like a robot.

To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements to turn the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted (失真的) speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than make his words unclear. Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the more advanced visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realized. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating what they want to say from what they think.

That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be understandable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for treatment but to improve people’s abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?

1. What do the three books mentioned in paragraph 1 have in common?

A．They are all among what philosophers like best.

B．They all tell the stories well beyond imagination.

C．They are all works of the greatest sci-fi writers of the time.

D．They all deal with people’s losing control of their brains.

2. The research of the team at the University of Washington is intended to _____.

A．improve the accuracy of DBS	B．let patients decide when to turn on DBS
C．get rid of the side effects of DBS currents	D．separate what we think from what we say

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Neuronal activity fails to work without intentional movements.

B．Brain-computer interfaces do more harm than good.

C．People suffering from essential tremor will shake.

D．DBS settings cannot be changed once fixed.

4. What will the passage most probably talk about next?

A．How these questions will be handled.

B．Why these questions used to be ignored.

C．Which questions come from science fiction.

D．Who has first raised these questions.

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. appreciate；B. effectively；C. expected；D. previous；E. supervise；F. attitude G. readily；H. prepared；I. exposure；J. suggested；K. cultural

Before you begin exploring nature with children, it is important to talk with families to learn about their values and children’s     1     experiences with nature. While some children have had many positive contacts with the natural world, others may have had little direct     2     to nature. In addition, in some families or     3     communities, children are taught at a young age to fear certain animals. It is important to be sensitive to potential fears. Talking in advance with parents will help you be     4    .

It is helpful to look carefully at your outdoor area before you begin exploring the space with your children. This will give you some idea of what your children may meet with and where, so you can guide the explorations more     5    .

Of course, nature does bring some danger to people. To prevent accidents, it is critical to     6     children at all times. It is also important to establish rules for children to follow when exploring nature both indoors and outdoors. Some     7     rules include: Ask before touching, treat living things with care, and be curious.

It is important to reflect on your own     8     towards nature before you begin exploring nature with children. Not everyone is equally fond of frogs, spiders, or snakes. Children     9     pick up the attitudes of adults around them. Try not to let your likes and dislikes influence theirs. If you are very uncomfortable around specific animals, help children learn to     10     them from a safe distance. Just remember that the most important thing you can do is to instill (灌输) curiosity and appreciation of the nature that surrounds us.

10 . Walking while texting could lead to fines of up to $50 or 15 days’ imprisonment as state lawmaker warns of the dangers of “distracted walking”. Jared Schumacher is one of hundreds of thousands of New Jerseyans who _________ use electronic devices to text, listen to music or do other tasks as they walk outdoors.

If a “distracted walking” measure recently proposed by a state assemblywoman (女议员) becomes law, Jared and others like him could face _________ or even jail time.

“I admit that I’m usually listening to music, talking on my phone or texting while I’m walking around,” Schumacher, 20, said while _________ to a text as he walked along a street in the state capital last weekend.

Experts say distracted walking is a growing _________, as people of all ages become more _________ on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been _________ in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US fatalities involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.

The rise in deaths coincides (相符合) with states _________ bills that target pedestrians and bicyclists. For instance, a bill in Hawaii would fine someone $250 if he or she were to cross the street while _________ an electronic device. Similar bills have failed in states including Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York.

“Thus far, no states have enacted a law _________targeting distracted bicyclists or pedestrians,” said Douglas Shinkle, transportation program director for the National Conference of State Legislatures. But he added that “a few states __________ to introduce legislation every year.”

The measure recently put forward by New Jersey assemblywoman Pamela Lampitt would __________ walking while texting and ban pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are __________.

Lawbreakers would face fines of up to $50, 15 days imprisonment or both, which is the same punishment as jaywalking. Half of the fine would be distributed to safety education about the __________of walking and texting, said Lampitt, a Democrat.

Some see the proposal as a(n) __________ government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt’s reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made __________of the issue.

1.

A．naughtily

B．fashionably

C．routinely

D．rarely

2.

A．oppositions

B．obstacles

C．fines

D．struggles

3.

A．turning

B．committing

C．shifting

D．responding

4.

A．problem

B．tragedy

C．passion

D．key

5.

A．optimistic

B．dependent

C．troublesome

D．active

6.

A．enhancing

B．arousing

C．rising

D．declining

7.

A．paying

B．denying

C．voting

D．introducing

8.

A．operating

B．texting

C．adopting

D．installing

9.

A．understandably

B．specifically

C．traditionally

D．fiercely

10.

A．continue

B．hate

C．refuse

D．return

11.

A．promote

B．ban

C．dismiss

D．reject

12.

A．hands-full

B．hands-flexible

C．hands-wide

D．hands-free

13.

A．shortcomings

B．desires

C．dangers

D．opportunities

14.

A．unnecessary

B．proper

C．advanced

D．shameful

15.

A．aware

B．wise

C．noticeable

D．knowledgeable