1 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
短视频（short videos）一般是指在互联网新媒体上传播的时长在5分钟以内的视频；随着移动设备的普及和网络的提速，短视频近来倍受人们的欢迎，成为许多人的茶余饭后的娱乐消遣方式之一，许多人甚至自行创作拍摄，并且更有甚者以此谋生。常见的短视频平台有抖音（TikTok）和哔哩哔哩（Bilibili）等。请撰写一篇文章，谈谈你对短视频的态度，并对比其与传统视频（纪录片、电影、电视剧等）的区别。
内容包括：1.陈述你对短视频的态度。
2.结合你对短视频的态度，对比短视频和传统视频的区别。
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2 . Professor Heinz Wolff, who has died aged 89, was a bioengineering pioneer. He established the discipline, named it and, in a 60-year career, made significant contributions to medicalresearch.But to the British public, he was best known as the"dotty scientist' who fronted The Great Egg Race, a BBC show in which colour-coded teams were set engineering challenges（the first was to transport an egg in a vehicle powered by rubber bands）.With his trademark bow tie, half-moon glasses and Mittel-European accent, he looked really like Professor Branestawn, as described by W. Heath Robinson. Yet while he cheerfully exploited his reputation as a "peculiar egghead'", he was very serious about his work and inspired thousands of young people to consider scientific careers.

Born in Berlin in 1928, Heinz Wolff was the son of Jewish parents.His mother died in 1938, and the next year the family fled.They arrived in Britain on the day war was declared."We really cut it rather fine," he said on Desert Island Discs in 1998.After leaving school, he worked as a technician at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford.where he invented a machine to count red blood cells, and then at the National Institute for Medical Research's pneumoconiosis research unit in Cardiff, where he designed a means of measuring dust levels in coal miners.He went on to study at University College London and graduated with a first in physics and physiology. Then, in 1983, he founded the Institute for Bioengineering at Brunel University.His particular interest was in technologies to improve the lives of older people, but he was also heavily involved in space research and worked as an adviser to the European Space Agency.

Wolff had made his first appearance on TV on Panorama in 1966,encouraging Richard Dimbleby to swallow a“radio pill'".On The Great Egg Race, which ran from 1979,his task was to get opponent teams representing organizations such as the chemical company ICI. Challenges included building a hovercraft from a lawnmower, and inventing a bicycle that could ride on water.Marks were awarded for entertainment value and technical accomplishment.The show ended in the mid-l980s,but Wolff continued to judge scientific competitions, on TV and elsewhere. A natural entertainer with an inexhaustible curiosity about the world, he said he'd be happy to dress up as a clown if it got children interested in science.

1. The word “dotty” (paragraph1) is closest in meaning to ________ .

A．peculiar

B．serious

C．famous

D．genius

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE of Heinz Wolff according to the passage？

A．His family left Berlin after World War II began.

B．He used to major in physics and physiology.

C．He invented a machine while in University College London.

D．His interest lay in helping those living in war-stricken areas.

3. Heinz Wolff didn't mind looking ridiculous as long as _________ .

A．he could keep being curious about the world

B．he could combine entertainment and technology

C．he could help arouse children's interest in science

D．he could appear on TV to judge scientific competitions

4. Which of the following is an achievement made by Heinz Wolff？

A．Representing a chemical company.	B．Designing a method to count red blood cells.
C．Being the first scientist to front TV shows.	D．Setting up the subject of bioengineering.

3 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

There's more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.

On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our cultures. Many associate foods from our childhood with warm feelings and fond memories, tying us to our families.On a large scale, food operates as an expression of cultural identity, Traditional cuisine (烹饪法) is passed down from one generation to the next. Immigrants bring the food of their countries where they go, and cooking traditional food is a symbol of pride for their ethnicity (民族特色) as well as a means of coping with homesickness.

Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some ingredients needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavour can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants who sell dishes have to alter the original dishes to satisfy a wider range of customers. Alterations to original dishes can create new flavors that still preserve the cultural significance of the dish.

What stays the same is the extent to which each country or community's unique cuisine reflects its unique history, lifestyle, values, and beliefs. For example, in China, harmony is a vital characteristic in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavour is used in a balanced way. Throughout history, Chinese people are of the belief that food not only needs to be nutritious but also needs to look appealing, so they put a lot of effort into decorating the dishes，with vibrant red as their traditional colour.

As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access cuisines from different cultures. We should not only accept our traditions through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window to culture, and it should be treated as such.

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4 . One firm's crisis is another's opportunity. A shortage-of semiconductors has helped pump up the valuations of firms such as Nvidia, whose chips power everything from video-gaming to machine learning and data centres. But boom time for sellers means_________for buyers. Carmakers, whose products have become computers on wheels, are among the victims. Profits at

Ford, America's second-biggest carmaker by volume, fell by half in the most recent quarter amid a global shortage of chips.Analysts say the industry might build around 5m fewer cars this year, all_________their tiniest components.

Carmakers are not the only firms feeling the pinch.Apple and Microsoft have also warned that they will be affected.Politicians are being drawn in, too. Chips will be on the_________later this month when America's vice-president, Kamala Harris, visits Vietnam, which has a flourishing electronics industry, Angela Merkel, the outgoing German chancellor, has lamented. Europe's small share of global chip production.

The shortage is the result of a sudden surge in demand.Chipmaking is a_______business which, between the peaks and troughs, has been enjoying strong growth for decades as computers creep into every comer of society.That trend was_________by the pandemic. Locked-down consumers shopped online, logged into meetings remotely, and wiled away the hours with video-streaming and video-gaming.The result has been a sharp increase in demand for the semiconductors that power the data centres and gadgets that make such things possible, logging factories with_________.

The crisis has had three consequences, two_________and one less so.The first is an investment boom.Big producers such as Intel, Samsung and tsme are planning to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on extra capacity over the next few years. As in many markets, high prices are the best cure for high prices.

The second is that the chip industry's customers are adapting, too. When demand_______early in the pandemic, carmakers cut their orders with chipmakers.The car industry's size and power mean that it is used to ordering suppliers around. But when demand recovered, it found itself at the back of the queue, because of long lead times and competition for capacity from the even bigger and more influential tech industry.

The unpleasant experience of being the supplicant rather than the boss has prompted carmakers to take tighter control over supplies of vital components.Following in the tyre-treads of Tesla, Volkswagen has announced plans to develop driver-assistance chips in-house.Other firms are forming closer relationships with chipmakers. Toyota, a Japanese firm, has_________the shortage relatively well, partly because it was slower to cut orders when the pandemic hit. In June Robert Bosch, a big supplier of automotive parts, cut the________on a €1bn($l.2bn) chip factory of its own in Dresden.Redesigned supply chains will be more resilient.

The third,__________effect has been a surge of techno-nationalism.America is planning to____________billions of dollars to lure chipmakers back from East Asia.Europe wants to double its share of global production, to 20%, by 2030. Even Britain has declared the fate of a small chip factory in Wales to be a matter of national security.

There is some force in the argument that chips have come to occupy what used to be called the "________heights" of an economy, in the way that oil refineries or car factories did in the 20th century. The concentration of production in Taiwan,__________, is an uncomfortable geopolitical risk. But as last century's governments discovered, subsidies lead to overcapacity and oversupply—and, eventually, to yet more calls for public money to prop up uncompetitive businesses.The chip shortage is mostly a________problem.Governments should resist the temptation to see themselves as saviours.

1.

A．envy

B．annoyance

C．misery

D．delight

2.

A．for want of

B．for possession of

C．for fear of

D．for convenience of

3.

A．schedule

B．agenda

C．calendar

D．catalogue

4.

A．cynical

B．cyclical

C．crystal

D．clinical

5.

A．amplified

B．justified

C．modified

D．diversified

6.

A．samples

B．goods

C．orders

D．stocks

7.

A．encouraging

B．touching

C．amazing

D．discouraging

8.

A．soared

B．ballooned

C．collapsed

D．fluctuated

9.

A．suffered

B．avoided

C．subjected

D．weathered

10.

A．band

B．ribbon

C．belt

D．string

11.

A．popular

B．desirable

C．unusual

D．unwelcome

12.

A．turn out

B．bring out

C．give out

D．work out

13.

A．commanding

B．overwhelming

C．demanding

D．prevailing

14.

A．above all

B．in addition

C．after all

D．in particular

15.

A．self-improving

B．self-solving

C．self-sustaining

D．self-reflecting

5 . Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.definitely；B.suffering；C.acceptance；D.discouraged；E. supposedly F.terms；G.optimism；H.sustained；I. punishing；J.favored；K.obstacle

Happiness is not natural.It is a here human construct. A state of contentment(let alone happiness) is     1     by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.

Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive ghost, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets.Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, a colorful American pastor,       2    by several Republican presidents, including Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. He invented “positive thinking'", a concept now deeply embedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence.The global personal development industry was valued at S38.28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5.1%.

Popular films and books are full of     3     inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you'll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don't think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable, or unsurmountable. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the     4     that being alive is a very challenging task,which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of well-being and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of     5     happiness.We are not designed that way.

The self-help genre is not a homegeneous beast, however. It is,in fact, ironie how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are lumped together in the same bookshop shelves, given that many of the former tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main     6     to happiness.

The inevitable clash between mandatory     7     and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their     8     ,as it is based on the misconception that unhappiness is entirely avoidable.It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent.Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much more     9     psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.

I believe that coming to     10    with life as it is,and not the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes.

6 . Cool Colour

The “blackest black” paint, famed for its thermal disguise potential, has long absorbed 99.9 percent of public attention.     1     Research shows that surfaces coated with a newly formulated white coloring reflect 98.1 percent of sunlight, creating a powerful cooling effect.

This coating absorbs just 1.9 percent of sunlight compared with 10 to 20 percent for conventional white or “heat-reflective” paints, says Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue University mechanical engineer. By reflecting so efficiently, the novel paint can actually help a coated building release the heat inside.    2    “Our model shows if you’re in, you can save up to 70 to 80 percent on air-conditioning in the summer,” Ruan says.

Scientists have been developing reflective paints for decades, but commercial products still remain at or above the surrounding temperature. In the past 10 years researchers have found greater success with multilayered coating to reflect many wave-lengths of light.

    3    

Thus, Ruan decided to take a hybrid approach and create an ordinary paint that could easily be brushed or sprayed onto a surface. After testing particles of several different compounds, he and his colleagues ultimately selected a relatively inexpensive one called barium sulfate.

Actually, there is plenty of competition from other researchers.    4     The manufacturers have to struggle with “how to make sure that the paint stays white after 30 years of use.” However, Ruan says he and his colleagues do have the confidence to remove this fear. He hopes to bring a version of his paint to market in a year or two.

A．Besides, some scientists note that any new product like this will need to stand up to the real world, where dirt coats surfaces over time.

B．It is calculated that covering a 1, 000-square-foot roof with this new paint could cool a building by about 10 kilowatts.

C．The price of barium sulfate is comparable to, or even slightly more expensive than, titanium dioxide that is used in some other commercial paints.

D．Now it’s time to shed some light on the other end of the practical paint spectrum: the “whitest white.”

E．That is to say, this new paint can be a tool to fight the climate emergency by cutting carbon emissions.

F．Unfortunately, manufacturing precise layers of multiple substances and applying them to a surface in a set order costs more than simply slapping on some paint.

7 .

What we do The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) responds quickly and efficiently to help people affected by armed conflict. We also respond to disasters in conflict zones, because the effects of a disaster are compounded if a country is already at war.
Coronavirus: COVID-19 pandemic For people living in conflict zones, the pandemic spread of coronavirus disease (also known as COVID-19) represents a dramatic threat to life. Health systems are destroyed by war, and it could be difficult for people in these areas to prioritize actions related to the coronavirus COVID-19 as there could be many other more immediate threats to life, such as gunfire and bombings.	Enabling people with disabilities & physical rehabilitation In addition to developing our own prosthetics technology we have acquired a high level of expertise and attach great importance to maintaining support for a project over many years. As well as providing physical recovery services, we help people with disabilities play a full part in society. This includes promoting the setting up of small business, providing professional training and promoting sport.
Migrants, refugees, shelter seekers The ICRC has adopted a broad description of migrants, to involve all people who leave or fell their home to seek safety or better prospects abroad, and who may be in disaster and need of protection or humanitarian assistance. Refugees and shelter seekers, who are entitle to specific protection under international law, are included in this description.	Access to education Around the world, millions of people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence are unable to get an education. The fighting can destroy or damage education facilities, it can make it unsafe to get to school and to be in school. In prolonged conflicts, entire generations can remain without education due to economic hardship and to poorly resourced and weakened education systems. This increases social and economic vulnerabilities and raises the risk of exclusion and abuse for many people, particularly girls. For people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence, the ability to continue or to restart their education is among their top priorities. Education enables people to live and rebuild their lives with dignity and provides them with knowledge and skills to make important decisions about their life, livelihood, and well-being.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The victims of war also consider the prevention of COVIDO-19 the most important.

B．The ICRC not only oiler physical recovery services but also help the disabled to play sports through professional training.

C．All people away from home or in need take part in the charity campaign for migrants.

D．The entire generations who have suffered so long from war may go without education.

2. The access to education can be ______.

A．spoiled in conflict zones due to the loss of education facilities

B．particularly difficult for the girls only in prolonged conflicts

C．the least important thing for those suffering from the war

D．effective in helping people flee their homes

3. We can most probably find this passage from ______.

A．the ICRC official website	B．a newspaper
C．a booklet of charity activities	D．an academic journal

8 . Mice are at their best at night. But a new analysis suggests researchers often test the nightly creatures during the day, which could alter results and create ________ across various studies, if they record time-of-day information ________. Scientists assume that waking up lab mice in the daytime may twist research.

Of the 200 papers examined in the new study, more than half cither failed to report the timing of behavioral testing or did so ________. On the contrary, they found only 20 percent reported ________ testing. The analysis was published in Neuroscience & Bio-behavioral Reviews.

West Virginia University neuro-scientist Randy Nelson, the study's lead author, says this is likely a matter of human ________. “It is easier to get students and schools to work during the day than at night,” Nelson says. But that advantage ________.

“Time of day not only impacts the intensity of many ________, including mice activity, aggressiveness of their behavior, and hormone levels,” but changes in those factors can only be ________ during certain parts of the daytime cycle, says University of Wyoming behavioral neuro-scientist William D. Todd. This means that “failing to report time of day of data collection and tests makes ________ of results extremely difficult,” adds Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center staff scientist Natalia Machado. Neither Todd nor Machado was involved in the new study.

________, the study researchers say it is critical that scientists report the timing of their work and consider the fact that animals' behavioral and physiological responses can ________ with the hour. As a first step, Nelson says, “obviously, taking time-of-day into consideration seems like ________ fruit in terms of line assing behavioral neuroscience research reliability, reproducibility and rigor (严谨性)

University of Calgary psychologist Michael Antle, who was also not involved in the analysis, says such differences in how studies are run ________ a “reproducibility crisis” in science, with other laboratories unable to ________ study results. “Running a study at the wrong time,” he says, “could lead to us completely ________ a finding altogether.”

1.

A．immobility

B．originality

C．inconsistency

D．credibility

2.

A．exclusively

B．precisely

C．generally

D．honestly

3.

A．directly

B．personally

C．reliably

D．unclearly

4.

A．everyday

B．quality

C．physical

D．nighttime

5.

A．security

B．convenience

C．intelligence

D．privacy

6.

A．comes at a cost

B．comes to the point

C．comes into being

D．comes to an end

7.

A．operations

B．effects

C．subjects

D．variables

8.

A．indicated

B．required

C．recorded

D．proposed

9.

A．interpretation

B．expectation

C．suspicion

D．distribution

10.

A．Vice versa

B．In comparison

C．For example

D．Therefore

11.

A．occur

B．diversify

C．improve

D．vary

12.

A．low-hanging

B．high-demanding

C．bitter-tasting

D．long-standing

13.

A．belong to

B．contribute to

C．result from

D．go through

14.

A．recreate

B．modify

C．stimulate

D．predict

15.

A．presenting

B．examining

C．missing

D．confirming

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. association B. contribution C. effectively D. evolutionarily E. grasp F. immature G. joyous H. logged I. selected J. skilled K. treat

Puppies Understand You Even at a Young Age

We like to think our puppies can follow what we're telling them. Well, to some degree they can, even when they're     1    . We have known for a long time that adult dogs are especially     2     in understanding cooperative communication from humans. They can spontaneously follow a human pointing gesture. They're even better at it than apes, which are much more closely related to us,    3     speaking.

But is it a skill dogs pick up simply by spending time with people? Or is it a trait that was     4     for when dogs first became domesticated?

To find out, Bray and her colleagues     5     time with 375 puppies that were going to be trained to be service dogs. By working with pups that had spent most of their young lives with their owners, Bray could figure out whether dogs had to learn to     6     human communications -or if it's something they were born with.

The pups participated in tests designed to assess dogs1 social smarts. In one experiment, a researcher would hide food under one of two cups - and then call to the puppy and point toward the cup that held the     7    . They found puppies were able to use this social signal     8     to choose the correct location.

In another experiment, a researcher would talk to a puppy. “Hi pup. Are you a good puppy? Yes, you are! What a good puppy! ”This goes on for about 30 seconds. During this interaction, the researcher would record how much time the pup spent gazing at her with     9     sight.

They found that puppies would respond to human social gaze and could successfully use information given by a human in social context from a very young age. “It seems likely that puppies really are starting the (ask with the communicative ability necessary to be successful rather than just quickly learning a(n)    10     over the course of the task.” Bray added. All these findings suggest that dogs are biologically prepared for communication with humans.

10 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.

Are your children getting on your last nerve? Did a coworker's comment rub you the wrong way? There's no need to plug the steam coming out of your ears. In fact, science now gives you full permission to release those emotions; you might actually be happier for it. If that seems counter—intuitive(违反直觉的), hear us out. A new study suggests that people tend to be happier if they can feel and express emotions as they want. That goes for unpleasant emotions like anger and hatred, too.

An international team of researchers recruited 2,300 university students from the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Poland, and Singapore. They then asked the participants to tell them which emotions they desired and which ones they actually felt, and then compared those responses to how the participants rated their overall happiness or life satisfaction.

The results showed an interesting trend. While participants wanted to experience more pleasant emotions, they reported higher life satisfaction if the emotions they experienced matched those they desired. More surprising still, 11 percent of people wanted to feel less of positive emotions, such as love and empathy, and 10 percent of people wanted to feel more negative emotions, such as hatred and anger.

At first glance, these result might seem confusing. But there's a simple explanation, according to the study's authors. Happiness is "more than simply feeling pleasure and avoiding pain," they write. It is also learning to release negative emotions when you feel them, instead of ignoring them or bottling them up.

"If you feel emotions you want to feel, even if they're unpleasant, then you're better off," lead researcher Dr Maya Tamir from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem told the BBC News website. 71