1 . Top running routes in the USA
Holidays for some people are all about relaxing on the beach but for others, it’s important to be out and about. Walking and running holidays allow travellers to explore the beauty of a country and get plenty of fresh air without spending too much money. Here are some of the most beautiful running routes (路线) in the USA — you may want to give these a go.
Mammoth Lakes
An area favoured by athletes from all over the world, Mammoth Lakes offers amazing views and plenty of trails (小路) along with a healthy running community for active travellers to explore. Well-known track coaches Joe Vigil and Bob Larsen brought marathon superstars to the area in 2001 and ever since, it has trained 12 Olympians who have earned two Olympic medals as well as three major marathon wins.
Three Rivers Heritage Trail
Perfect for runners who like a bit of variety on their route, the Three Rivers Heritage Trail offers 24 miles of path going through a number of neighbourhoods, popular shopping and entertainment districts (娱乐区) and green space providing the perfect guide to the city on two feet.
Naples
Naples is well-known for its high-end shopping, world-class culture and high-class dining. The best running trail is along Gulf Shore Boulevard and Gordon Road, with views of the white sandy beaches and water, and some of Naples boutique hotels and holiday homes.
Barr Trail
The Barr Trail is a trail that began as a way to enter mining (采矿) areas on Pikes Peak and later developed into a tourist trail. It starts in Manitou Springs, a little tourist town just west of The Springs, and climbs to the top of Pikes Peak in about 12 miles and 7,400 feet of vertical (垂直的) gain. This is not an easy route so be sure to pack the right supplies and rest when you need to.
1. What might you experience in Mammoth Lakes?| A．Running like an Olympian. |
| B．Meeting your favourite stars. |
| C．Taking part in a major marathon. |
| D．Being trained by Joe Vigil and Bob Larsen. |
| A．Three Rivers Heritage Trail. | B．Barr Trail. | C．Mammoth Lakes. | D．Naples. |
| A．Mammoth Lakes. | B．Barr Trail. | C．Naples. | D．Three Rivers Heritage Trail. |
| A．Naples. | B．Barr Trail. | C．Mammoth Lakes. | D．Three Rivers Heritage Trail. |
| A．Coal miners. | B．Window shoppers. |
| C．Competitive swimmers. | D．Experienced adventurers. |
2 . When Tal Golesworthy was told he needed
“They
A bulging aorta, he thought, was much like bulging hydraulic hose (凸起的液压软管)—it needed
Sheer determination combined with a(n)
| A．game-changing | B．life-saving | C．ground-breakıng | D．problem-solving |
| A．affecting | B．contracting | C．influencing | D．causing |
| A．burn | B．bend | C．burst | D．block |
| A．talked about | B．discussed about | C．debated on | D．mentioned about |
| A．How | B．Why | C．It | D．What |
| A．display | B．avoid | C．present | D．face |
| A．would have been affected | B．would be affected | C．could have been affected | D．could be affected |
| A．had changed | B．had recovered | C．had improved | D．had worsened |
| A．hard work | B．experiments | C．experience | D．fruits |
| A．manage | B．handle | C．solve | D．repair |
| A．internal | B．surgical | C．external | D．spiritual |
| A．check-up | B．inspection | C．test | D．operation |
| A．imaginative | B．original | C．specialized | D．flexible |
| A．change | B．develop | C．create | D．reshape |
| A．a hit | B．a mess | C．a pain | D．a success |
3 . When I tried out for the football team during the summer before 9th grade, I never imagined how important this sport would become in my life. Football is a
In the first year, I played on the defensive line. This was an amazing
In September, during my junior year, my name was mentioned in the local newspaper as the key defensive lineman on the team. After playing a fantastic season, I was given the
In this sense, the world of football has taught me an important life lesson:
| A．tough | B．popular | C．typical | D．dynamic |
| A．set | B．control | C．test | D．require |
| A．mistakes | B．adventures | C．accidents | D．injuries |
| A．performance | B．position | C．moment | D．advantage |
| A．with | B．over | C．through | D．into |
| A．valuable | B．lost | C．extra | D．regular |
| A．pride | B．choice | C．name | D．honor |
| A．Unfortunately | B．Similarly | C．Happily | D．Gradually |
| A．practices | B．tryouts | C．seasons | D．operations |
| A．But | B．Or | C．So | D．And |
| A．examined | B．changed | C．provided | D．completed |
| A．shoulder | B．hand | C．leg | D．foot |
| A．explore | B．avoid | C．love | D．support |
| A．Knowledge | B．Belief | C．Experience | D．Opinion |
| A．enjoyable | B．possible | C．sensible | D．responsible |
4 . People from East Asia tend to have more difficulties than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion. Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
1. What does the discovery show about Westerners?| A．They pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth. |
| B．They consider facial expressions universally reliable. |
| C．They observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways. |
| D．They have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions. |
| A．To get their faces impressive. | B．To make a face at each other. |
| C．To classify some face pictures. | D．To observe the researchers’ faces. |
| A．They do translation more successfully. | B．They study the mouth more frequently. |
| C．They examine the eyes more attentively. | D．They read facial expressions more correctly. |
| A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul | B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions |
| C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills | D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding |
5 . Do you think I’m insane?
This question came from Elon Musk near the very end of a long dinner we shared at a high-end seafood restaurant in Silicon Valley. I’d gotten to the restaurant first and settled down with a gin and tonic, knowing Musk would—as ever—be late. After about fifteen minutes, Musk showed up. Musk stands six foot one but he is absurdly broad-shouldered and sturdy. You’d figure he would use this frame to his advantage and perform an alpha-male strut (昂首阔步) when entering a room. Instead, he tends to be almost sheepish. His head tilted slightly down while walking, a quick handshake hello after reaching the table, and then butt in seat. From there, Musk needs a few minutes before he warms up and looks at ease.
Musk asked me to dinner for a negotiation of sorts. Eighteen months earlier, I’d informed him of my plans to write a book about him, and he’d informed me of his plans not to cooperate.
His rejection stung but sent me into dogged reporter mode. If I had to do this book without him, so be it. Plenty of people had left Musk’s companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, and would talk, and I already knew a lot of his friends. The interviews followed one after another, month after month, and two hundred or so people into the process, I heard from Musk once again. He called me at home and declared that things could go one of two ways: he could make my life very difficult or he could help with the project after all. He’d be willing to cooperate if he could read the book before it went to publication, and could add footnotes (脚注) throughout it. He would not meddle with my text, but he wanted the chance to set the record straight in spots that he deemed factually inaccurate. I understood where this was coming from. Musk wanted a measure of control over his life’s story. He’s also wired like a scientist and suffers mental anguish at the sight of a factual error. A mistake on a printed page would eat away at his soul—forever. While I could understand his perspective, I could not let him read the book, for professional, personal, and practical reasons. Musk has his version of the truth, and it’s not always the version of the truth that the rest of the world shares. He’s prone to lengthy answers to even the simplest of questions as well, and the thought of thirty-page footnotes seemed all too real. Still, we agreed to have dinner, chat all this out, and see where it left us.
1. Why did the author meet up with Elon Musk at the restaurant?| A．Because the alpha male forced him into this appointment. |
| B．Because his autobiography featured Musk’s legends. |
| C．Because he relied on this interview for factual accuracy. |
| D．Because the businessman was willing to help unconditionally. |
| A．Musk’s rejection forced him to give up on interviewing anybody. |
| B．Many of his former employees resigned because of his bossiness. |
| C．Musk agreed to cooperate if he could read the book before publication. |
| D．Musk has behaved in an unconventional way from time to time. |
| A．Dominant and impolite. | B．Creative and outgoing. |
| C．Shy and obsessive. | D．Caring and generous. |
The Sad Zither (锦瑟) is a famous seven-verse poem written by Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin (813-858). Due to its rich imagery, the poem is regarded as one of the
At the beginning of the poem, the poet looks at his zither and recalls the death of his beloved wife. The big number of strings, which might not be the real number,
Actually, the four stories he chooses indicate Li’s dissatisfaction with his life.
In the end, the poet directly expresses his point. He writes about his regret toward the passing years and his
7 . Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections.
Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more.
That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science.
“There may be a long-lasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles,” he said. “I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.”
The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses, leaving them more likely to be infected.
To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.
They turned to data from England and Wales—developed nations where disease levels are generally low, allowing a less-confused view of measles’ effects. Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s, Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed.
“Really it didn’t matter what age group, what decade or what country,” said Mina. “They all showed consistent results… what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine, but it has forgotten what it previously learned.”
Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression.
Others thought the paper’s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used.
To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory.
1. Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”?| A．Their research compared monkeys with humans. |
| B．Their research was based on the historical data. |
| C．They discovered a sort of shadow effect |
| D．They only paid attention to developed nations. |
| A．They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases |
| B．They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination. |
| C．They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach. |
| D．They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations. |
| A．keep away | B．survive from | C．search for | D．turn down |
| A．Measles has been the origin of other diseases and deaths. |
| B．New research conducted into measles has been widely questioned. |
| C．Damage caused by measles to the immune system could last several weeks. |
| D．Study points to years-long immune system misfortunes from measles. |
In the faraway land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its unique rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern the country for five years. After that he must be caught, his body will be tied and he will be thrown away to a remote island where the jungle is thick and there are plenty of wild animals and no human.
Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, “OK, I’m ready to be the king.” And he became a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many luxurious things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did, and he never prepared anything for his future.
Every other king was the same until a young man came and declared his wish. By the constitution (宪法) he was granted his wish. He would be the king for five years before being thrown away to the island. But he thought that even if he had a happy and free life in the five years, his life as a king would come to an end at last. He was always thinking.
注意：
1.续写词数应在150左右;
2.请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision.
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Finally, the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island.
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9 . My 7-year-old daughter Leeny always has her nose in a book. She even took to reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp, which was where she lost the book. This is the first lost library book in my life. My family has always been over-educated, but we were poor. I didn’t own books. I borrowed books. However, my daughters have more books now than I owned my whole childhood, and I knowingly contribute to it by adding to the stacks (堆). So it’s probably my fault that when Leeny realized she had lost the book, she shrugged. “Sorry. I can’t find it,” she said. “It’s only $20, right? What’s the big deal?”
I felt the need to make her feel responsible for the book. She agreed to help me clean the chicken coop (笼子) in trade for my paying the library fine. I thought this idea was very clever because cleaning the coop is some work I had been avoiding for months. It was summertime and dust floated in the air. But my girl, my animal-loving mini-me, thought shoveling chicken poop (铲鸡粪) was the most fun she’d had on a Saturday morning in a long time. She didn’t feel any of the emotions that punishment is supposed to introduce. In fact, she looked as if she might lose another on purpose in order to clean the coop again. I stood, somewhat dumbfounded (目瞪口呆的), watching her.
It took me a while to realize what had happened, why my punishment had failed so completely and why I didn’t care. The fact is that I had Leeny help me clean the chicken coop. I was there, too, shoveling chicken poop, fetching the clean straw and feed. Leen’s little sister, Vicki, was inside watching a cartoon while my husband paid bills. Only Leeny and I were outside. She had me all to herself for the first time since Vicki was born, and she was enjoying all the attention for once. I don’t know what she learned about responsibility, but I found that I didn’t care about the book any more. We bonded over that unpleasant job and spent quality time together: mother, daughter, and chicken poop.
1. How did Leeny find reading?| A．It was very challenging. | B．It was of great value. |
| C．It was full of enjoyment. | D．It cost a large fortune. |
| A．The author didn’t own many books. |
| B．Leeny feel irresponsible for the lost book. |
| C．The author’s daughters own too many books. |
| D．The author could never have enough books to read. |
| A．Ashamed. | B．Astonished. | C．Embarrassed. | D．Upset. |
| A．What I owe to Leeny is more attention. |
| B．My punishment failed, but I didn’t care. |
| C．My daughter drove me crazy, but I felt grateful. |
| D．What my daughter loves is cleaning chicken coops. |
10 . Most people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus, getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and get important driving experience.
What We Offer
Intimate Drivers’ program will help students prepare for their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.
The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. What’s more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.
What You Need To Know
Students can complete the classroom part of the course in just two weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.
Students can start taking line classroom part of the driving training without the G 1 license, but do need it by the time they’re ready to start the in-car driving lessons.
What Extra Benefits Are
The beginner drivers can get much through the program. After that they’ll receive student testimonials (证明书) . The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn’t have passed the road test without it.
Sign up before April 5th, and students can get an insurance discount!
1. How many times does the program offer in-class training?| A．20. | B．12. | C．10. | D．8. |
| A．Get the G 1 license. | B．Finish the classroom part. |
| C．Sign up before April 5th. | D．Receive a student testimonial. |
| A．A review. | B．An advertisement. |
| C．A guide. | D．An encyclopedia. |
