1 . Most students of University of Rochester will spend at least one evening at Tin Roof, the only bar located a block away from campus before they graduate. Kaleb Chitaphong, who spent numerous nights there as an undergraduate, bought the place.
Chitaphong didn't intend to own a bar after graduation, instead hoping to follow his Political Science education through to a Ph. D., and probably find a career in academia. But when his frequented place was facing closure last year during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic（流行病）, Chitaphong decided he couldn't let that happen. "T grew up in this area, so when finding out the business was closing, I contacted the owner. Initially, I had no plans to buy it. But when we got talking more, things worked out and I was able to gain. ownership, "he said.
Chitaphong has experience in the restaurant industry from his family. But even with background knowledge, he still had a course in owning a bar the hard way — learning the laws, earning his alcohol license（许 可证）understanding requirements — all during the pandemic. Chitaphong reopened the restaurant this past February, starting small.
Although loved by students, Chitaphong's hope for Tin Roof is to attract local residents as well. "It's important for me to have a place where everybody can come and have a good time, "he said. While Chitaphong wants to have a bar that isn't exclusive to just UR students, he also wants to remap close to campus life. "I want it to be a UR bar, in whatever way that means, "he expressed. "I've talked to sports teams of UR to get some jerseys（球衣） hung up.
As COVD-19 limitation continues to ease up, Chitaphong has plans to host more events. In addition to Disco Tuesdays, he recently added Karaoke Fridays. He's also planning cooperation with UR's Standup Comedy to try out Stand-Up Wednesdays.
Despite his big plans, Tin Roof isn't Chitaphong's end game. He may open up another business. But right now he's focusing on this space to make it the best time for as many people as possible.
1. What was the root cause of Chitaphong taking over the bar?| A．His intention of running a business. |
| B．His emotional connection to the bar. |
| C．His positive attitude to the pandemic. |
| D．His friendship with the boss of the bar. |
| A．Chitaphong's family background. | B．Chitaphong's academic performance. |
| C．Preparations of starting Chitaphong's bar. | D．Characteristics of Chitaphong's restaurant. |
| A．Specific. | B．Near. | C．Familiar. | D．Harmful. |
| A．Tin Roof: The Home of UR Students |
| B．Chitaphong: A Business-minded Graduate |
| C．UR Graduate Brings New Life to Tin Roof |
| D．How Does a Bar Regain Its Attraction to the Public? |
2 . For the general public confused by the heated discussion on human cloning（克隆）, A Clone of Your Own? does an admirable job in explaining many of the ethical（伦理的）and scientific problems. Drawing from literature, the visual arts, films and her personal experiences, Arlene Judith Klotzko has created an overview of cloning.
Klotzko tells us about the early experiments ht Aristotle did with chicken embryos（胚胎）∶ about a German scientist, Hans Spemann, who figured out the theory of cloning some sixty years before we actually succeeded in cloning; about Doll, the first cloned sheep, and other work at Edinburgh's Roslin Institute; and about the current successes and failures in attempts lo clone mammals （哺乳动物）.
The book paints a picture of human cloning as a worthwhile job. Klotzk lists various potential benefits that cloning could have and explains why we might have reservations. She also, following several others, makes clear many of the common misunderstanding of cloning, and puts in plain words the limited effect hat genes（基因）have on shaping the kind of people we become.
Apart from a clear explanation of the basic scientific issues, the book also describes the related ethical issues surrounding cloning. In this short book, Klotzko appears to have drawn on a wide range of published work on the ethics of cloning, and makes a large number of the arguments in the literature accessible. However, the author has provided so little reference to the ethics literature. Readers who are unaware of the literature may be left with the impression that Klotzko is the fist and almost the only, person to have written on the ethics of cloning, which is far from the case-Whether one's interest lies in the science or the ethics of cloning, the short list of further reading provided at the end of the book is unhelpful and misleading.
But this drawback aside, the drawings in this book and Klotzko's words make the book highly approachable. The public who would like to understand what the debate on human cloning is all about should read this book.
1. What does Klotzko tell readers in A Clone of Your Own?| A．Aristotle's theory of cloning. | B．Work of cloning the sheep Dolly. |
| C．Discussion cloning has generated. | D．Spemann's successful attempt in cloning. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Uninterested. | D．Doubfu1. |
| A．Klotzko is the first to write on the ethics of cloning. |
| B．There is no reference to previous literature on cloning. |
| C．Klotzko gives a long list of ethics literature in the book. |
| D．The short list of further reading gives readers wrong ideas. |
| A．To explain a problem. | B．To recommend a book. |
| C．To remember a writer. | D．To introduce a discussion. |
Sun Ruifeng, a mother in Beijing, changed some of her plans for her 8-year-old son’s summer vacation,
For 300 years, the Slims River had been flowing through Canada’s Yukon region. But in 2016, in only four days, the water in the big river reduced sharply,
After a year of careful studies, a group of
The Slims River used
But in spring 2016, there was a sharp melting of the Kaskawulsh glacier because
In geography, this is called “river piracy”,
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son. Suddenly a crow (乌鸦) landed on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?” The son replied, “This is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I told you just now. It’s a crow.”
After a little while, the father asked his son the same question for third time, “What is this?” This time, the son was irritated (生气) and said to his father in a low and cold tone, “It’s a crow, a crow.”
After a moment, the father yet again asked his son for the fourth time, “What is this?” This time his son shouted in his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? I have told you already, ‘It’s a crow’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A minute later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered(破旧的) diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa when a crow suddenly landed on the window edge. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied him 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I didn’t at all feel annoyed, but instead felt a deep affection for my innocent son.”
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好;
Paragraph 1:
After reading the diary,the son was in tears and began to reflect on the days when he used to sit together with his father.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________注意:
1.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone.
I'm glad to share my favorite sport with you.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
7 . How to Speak Confidently in Public?
Giving a speech to public is an art.
The speaker must be self-confident. Look confident, even if you don’t feel it. When speaking without confidence, people unknowingly overly increase or decrease their voice volume (音量) or move their body parts.
Another important thing to keep in mind while speaking to the public should be the class of the audience to whom one has to address. Don’t memorize your speech or practice it word for word. For example, while addressing a group of businessmen, stress can be laid on economic activities and profits which will naturally appeal to them.
Speaking to the public may seem challenging at first.
| A．Yet practice makes perfect. |
| B．Stay focused on what you are saying. |
| C．It is also a fun and rewarding experience. |
| D．The clearness of the message matters most. |
| E．Like any other one, it takes time, patience and talents to master it. |
| F．This can be very noticeable to the audience and leave a bad impression. |
| G．Briefly, one has to address proper class and target their attention with proper language. |
8 . More than a billion people around the world have smart phones, almost all of which come with some kind of navigation app such as Google or Apple Maps. This raises the age-old question we meet with any technology: What abilities is our brain losing to these apps? But also, importantly: What abilities are we gaining?
Talking with people who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps, I often hear a lot of annoyance with digital maps. North/south direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time. I can really understand that it may be quite disturbing for the already skilled to be limited to a small phone screen.
But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me. Although being a frequent traveler, I’m so terrible at finding my way that I still use Apple Maps almost every day in the small town where I have lived for many years.
In many developed nations, street names and house numbers can be meaningful, and instructions such as go north for three blocks and then west make sense to those familiar with these rules. In Istanbul, however, where I grew up, none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals seldom use street names. Besides, the city is full of winding and ancient alleys that cross with newer avenues at many angles. In such places, you’d better turn to the locals. In the countryside, however, there is often nobody outside to ask. In fact, along came Apple Maps, like a fairy grandmother whispering directions in my ear. Since then, I travel with a lot more confidence, and my world has opened up.
Which brings me back to my original question: While we often lose some skills after depending on new technology, this new equipment may also allow us to gain new abilities. Maybe when technology closes a door, we should also look for the doors it opens.
1. Why do people who are skilled at reading paper maps feel upset?| A．They are interested in reading paper maps, |
| B．They don’t know how to use navigation apps. |
| C．They are confused by digital maps’ direction. |
| D．They are limited to a single smart phone app. |
| A．Asking local people the way. |
| B．Following the navigation app. |
| C．Getting familiar with the city rules. |
| D．Looking for street names and house numbers. |
| A．Doubtful | B．Ambiguous |
| C．Critical | D．Favorable |
| A．Benefits of Navigation Apps |
| B．Have Navigation Apps Worsened Our Brain? |
| C．My World Opens Up by New Technology |
| D．Disadvantages of Navigation Apps |
9 . “Although we live in an era where everything seems to be available immediately, our study suggests that today’s kids can delay gratification longer than children in the 1960s and 1980s,”said University of Minnesota psychologist Stephanie M. Carlson. “This finding stands in great contrast with the assumption by adults that today’s children have less self-control than previous generations.”
The original marshmallow (棉花糖) test conducted by researchers at Stanford University involved a series of experiments in which children aged between 3 and 5 years were offered one treat that they could eat immediately or a larger treat if they waited. Researchers then left the room to see how long the children would wait and watched from behind a one-way mirror.
Interestingly, today’s adults thought that children nowadays would be more impulsive and less able to wait, Carlson found. “Our findings serve as an example of how our beliefs can be wrong and how it’s important to do research,” said co-author Yuichi Shoda, PhD at the University of Washington.
The researchers offered several possible explanations for why children in the 2000s waited longer than those in prior decades. They noted a statistically significant increase in IQ scores in the last several decades. Another explanation may be society’s increased focus on the importance of early education, according to Carlson. The primary objective of preschool changed from largely custodial care (监护) to school readiness in the 1980s. Parenting also has changed in ways that help promote the development of executive function, such as being more supportive of children’s self-control, the researchers noted.
Walter Mischel of Columbia University, who co-authored this paper, noted that “while the results indicate that the children’s ability to delay is not weakened on the marshmallow test, the findings do not speak to their willingness to delay gratification when faced with the many temptations now available in everyday life.”
1. What is the adults’ assumption about today’s children?| A．They are not easy to please. |
| B．They are less able to control themselves. |
| C．They don’t like things that are easy to get. |
| D．They have different personalities from previous generations. |
| A．productive | B．attentive |
| C．clear-minded | D．hot-headed |
| A．They are more prepared to go to school. |
| B．They are not as clever as previous generations. |
| C．They are taught self-control by their teachers. |
| D．They have better education than previous generations. |
| A．Most children nowadays can’t resist the temptations of everyday life. |
| B．Children did not willingly choose to delay gratification in the marshmallow test. |
| C．The marshmallow test can’t accurately measure children’s ability to delay gratification. |
| D．Children’s ability to delay gratification is weakened because there are many temptations. |
10 . A staycation is a combination of the words “stay” and “vacation”, and is used to describe holidays which are taken in one’s own country. This can include anything from a city break to a seaside or countryside holiday.
A staycation doesn’t have one specific purpose. It can be about relaxing and taking things slow.
The concept of a staycation was first created in the aftermath of the 2008 market crisis in the US.
| A．They can be done over the weekend. |
| B．Many people were eager to find a relaxing escape. |
| C．Many people had to limit their budgets for holidays. |
| D．It was a great option to relax without breaking the bank. |
| E．The benefits of staycations are not limited to being green. |
| F．Another factor is growing concerns about the environment. |
| G．It can also be about experiencing new things in your backyard. |
