1 . Who is to blame for the shapes of our noses?

If you are not satisfied with the shape of your nose, blame it on climate, not your parents or grandparents. In a study published this week in the journal PLOS Genetics, researchers from the Pennsylvania State University found that human noses may have been shaped, in part, by a long process of adaptation to local climate conditions.     1    .

The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses on people with West African, South Asian, East Asian, or Northern European ancestry. It showed that the width of the nostrils is strongly related to temperature and absolute humidity (绝对湿度), but not the result of genetic drift (遗传漂变).

One purpose of the nose is to condition the air we breathe, to ensure that it is warm and moist when it reaches the lungs, which helps to prevent infections.     2    which was probably more essential to have this trait in cold and dry climates, it said.

People with narrower nostrils probably had better and had more offspring than people with wider nostrils, in colder climates.    3    . The nose has had a complex evolutionary history, however, and researchers suspected that additional factors, such as cultural preferences when picking a mate, have also pl played a role in shaping the nose.     4    . Studies of human adaptation are essential to our understanding of disease and yield insights into why certain conditions, such as skin cancer, are more common in certain populations.

The researchers said that it may be worth investigating whether the shape of the nose impacts ones risk of contracting breathing diseases when living in a climate that is different from one's ancestors.

A．This leads to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator (赤道)

B．Wider nostrils (鼻孔) seem to warm and humidify the inside of nose better to protect us from being infected

C．Narrower nostrils seem to alter the airflow so that noses can humidify and warm the air more efficiently

D．Generally, wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate

E．This can clearly explain why our ancestors aren’t to blame for the nose shapes and sizes

F．Investigations into nose shape evolution and climate adaptation may have medical implications as well

2 . 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

After 20 years as a full-time wife and mother, I decided to be a school bus driver for I loved kids. When I think about my years of bus driving, many things crowd in, but mostly, I remember Charlie.

Charlie, eight years old, with blond hair and crystalline gray eyes, began riding my bus in September of my fourth year driving. They all had stories to tell me about their summers. Charlie, though, ignored me. He didn’t even answer when I asked his name.

From that day on, Charlie was a trial. If a fight broke out, I didn’t have to turn my head to know who had started it. If a girl was crying, chances were Charlie had pulled her hair. No matter how I spoke to him, gently or firmly, he wouldn’t say a word. He’d just stare at me with those big gray eyes of his.

I later found out Charlie’s father was dead and he didn’t live with his mother. He deserves my patience, I thought. To my cheery “Good Morning”, he was silent. When I wished him a happy Halloween, he sneered (冷笑). Still I was sure that this child needed to feel some warmth from me. So, when he’d pass by, I’d pat him on the arm or sometimes gave him a hug.

Toward the end of that year, the kids on my bus gave me a small trophy inscribed (刻) “To the Best Bus Driver Ever”. I propped it up on the dashboard (仪表盘). On top I hung a small tin heart that a little girl had given me. In red paint she had written, “I love Polly and Polly loves me.”

The next day, I was delayed a few minutes talking to the principal. When I got on the bus I realized that the tin heart was gone. “Does anyone know what happened to the little heart that was up here?” I asked. For once with 39 children, there was silence.

One boy piped up, “Charlie was the first one on the bus. I bet he took it.” Other children joined the chorus, “Yeah! Charlie did it! Search him!”

I asked Charlie to come forward, stuck my hand into his pocket and immediately I felt it—the small tin heart. Charlie stared at me and seemed to be waiting for what he’d come to expect from the world. I was about to pull out the tin heart when I stopped myself. Let him keep it, a voice seemed to whisper.

“It must have fallen off before I got here,” I said to the kids. “I’ll probably find it back at the depot.” Without a word, Charlie returned to his seat. When he got off at his stop, he didn’t glance at me as usual.

That summer Charlie moved away.

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150词左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
3. 请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
A dozen years after my retirement I was in a department store, when someone said, “Polly?”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
That night I thought over his words.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Music influences your emotions. In turn, your emotions influence your behavior. One of these is your food intake.     1     What does science say about this subject?

Researchers at the University of Arkansas studied how music influences people when they eat in a restaurant. For the study, they used four types of music: jazz, classical, rock, and hip-hop. Their results showed that people had more appetite when they listened to jazz music while they ate.     2     This has a lot to do with emotions. For instance, when you listen to music with harmonic rhythms like jazz, you feel happier. This increases your appetite.

However, another study published in Psychological Reports suggests it isn’t only increased appetite that causes people to eat more.     3     A more stimuli-filled environment makes you eat more. In fact, they tend to urge you on to eat and even “encourage” you to eat faster. On the other hand, if the atmosphere in the restaurant is relaxed, you’re likely to feel more relaxed and spend more time enjoying yourself. For this reason, you’ll tend to eat less.

Besides, the study conducted by the Journal of the Academy suggests that the volume of music can also have an effect on how you eat. More specifically, the study states that, with low-volume music, you eat better because you make healthier choices. On the other hand, the study claims that music at high volume increases stimulation and stress.     4    

For this reason, restaurants should consider the fact when thinking about the optimization of their products and services.     5     They equip themselves with the technology needed to provide memorable experiences through music, greatly strengthening their relationship with the customer.

A．Does music influence how you eat?

B．Being in a rush to eat also plays a part.

C．Does your emotion boost your appetite?

D．However, they had less appetite when listening to hip-hop.

E．In fact, many catering establishments have already taken action.

F．This could prove to be quite an interesting concept for restaurants.

G．This means you’re more likely to order comfort food or other unhealthy options.

5 . The best-sellers of Amazon’s self-help list

With Mental Health Awareness Week in full swing, we’ve turned to the best-sellers of Amazon’s self-help list. Here are the most popular books over the past year.

Quiet

Fearne Cotton

Written to control the inner voice that says you can’t and silence what Fearne calls ‘brain-chatter’ that holds you back and stops you from believing in yourself. It’s a handbook to help deal effectively with modern life filled with expert advice and ideas you can put into practice.

Can’t Hurt me

David Goggins

Sharing his astonishing life story—from poverty, prejudice, and physical abuse to a U.S. Armed Forces icon and one of the world’s top endurance athletes. David Goggins reveals that most of us only ever tap into just 40% of our capabilities. Goggins refers to this as ‘The 40% Rule’, with his story lighting a path that anyone can follow to push past pain and reach their full potential.

The Wim Hof Method

Wim Hof

If you’re fascinated by Wim Hof and his amazing achievements. Think, barefoot marathons over deserts and ice fields. As an endurance (耐力) athlete, he’s multiple broken world records bearing the most extreme temperatures through the power of the mind. Exploring the ways to activate your potential and go beyond your limits. Taking control of both your body and life by releasing the great power of the mind Hoff explains his method for surviving extreme conditions.

The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

Mark Manson

“Don’t hope for a life without problems. There’s no such thing. Instead, hope for a life full of good problems.” Manson makes the argument, backed by academic research and amounts of toilet humour, that improving our lives depends not on our ability to turn lemons into lemonade, but rather learning to stomach lemons better.

1. Which of the following encourages self-confidence?

A．Quiet.	B．Can’t Hurt me.
C．The Wim Hof Method.	D．The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck.

2. What do Wim Hof and David Goggins have in common?

A．They are short story writers.	B．They are world-class athletes.
C．They suffer from physical abuse.	D．They advocate living a good life.

3. What are the books intended to do?

A．Share inspiring personal experiences.	B．Explore the potential of the human brain.
C．Provide guidance for better mental health.	D．Find approaches to amazing achievements.

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What can tourists see in the Entrance Hall?

A．Some paintings.

B．Some real flowers and leaves.

C．An exhibition of extinct animals.

2. When can tourists watch a short film about the earth?

A．At 2:35 p.m.

B．At 3:25 p.m.

C．At 5:10 p.m.

3. Where is the bookshelf?

A．On the first floor.

B．On the second floor.

C．On the third floor.

7 . How You Can Learn a Language in Only 10 Days

Most people recognize the many benefits of learning a foreign language: You can travel to foreign countries and feel comfortable, be a more productive and attractive employee in today’s competitive job market, and immerse (沉浸) yourself in the vast cultures around the world. In addition, scientific studies have shown that learning a new language helps to keep memories sharp and naturally improves brain function.

But do you know that you can learn a new language in as little as 10 days? The Pimsleur Approach to learning new languages help users pick up new languages quickly .Even the FBI and National Security Agency have purchased the Pimsleur Approach.

The Pimsleur Languag Programs

The entire Pimsleur Approach is what language learning should be: quick, fun and easy. You will learn a new language effortlessly without any reading, writing or computer use. The Pimsleur Approach has a 100 percent guarantee: speak in 10 days or you don’t pay.

Who is Dr. Pimsleur?

Pimsleur Approach is a language educator. He noticed that children have an amazing ability to learn new languages quickly. He spent his life developing this course to let you, as an adult, learn a new language as easily as a child would. You might not realize it, but you have already learned one language using the Pimsleur Approach.

Limited availability of special offers

The company is currently offering new customers a special offer of 50 % discount on tuition fees.The programs which normally cost $100 are now available for just %50. Better yet, they are also offering a money-back guarantee. So, if you find you are not learning as fast as they said, simply return it for a full payment.

For more information, please click here.

1. According to the first paragraph, ________ .

A．most people have learned a foreign language

B．you can find a job easily if you know a foreign language

C．learning a foreign language can improve brain function

D．it is hard to stay in a foreign country if you do not know its language

2. If you can not speak a foreign language in ten days with the approach, you can ________.

A．ask your money back	B．learn it again for free
C．change your teacher	D．ask Dr.Pimsleur for help

3. We can know from the passage that Dr.Pimsleur ________.

A．is the owner of the Pimsleur language programs

B．is a language educator who studies children’s languages

C．once worked for the FBI and National Security Agency

D．developed a course helping adults learn a new language easily

4. Where can we most probably find the passage ?

A．From an educational magazine.

B．On the Internet.

C．On a poster.

D．From the latest newspaper.

5. The author writes the passage to ________ .

A．introduce an effective language-learning environment

B．present a language educator’s experiences

C．appeal to potential customers to use the approach

D．call on more adults to learn foreign languages

9 . People will say firmly their childhood memory is real, offering amazing detail as proof that it must be, and getting upset if you suggest they are wrong.

But, for years, scientists have questioned whether these memories could actually be true, given what we know about neuroscience (神经科学) and the brain. The human brain grows and develops in clear stages. As it grows and creates and adapts, so different developmental stages are reached. These stages are the result of millions of years of evolution (进化). Now, finally, a study has proved this. Researchers from Memorial University in Newfoundland, Canada, reviewed decades worth of data to understand the earliest age at which lasting memories form and they have believed that it is around 30 months.

So people who think they remember something from when they were a baby are, I am afraid, mistaken. The problem with early memories is that they are very easy to fabricate, which is what I did.

I have a vivid image of standing in the garden, my mum holding a flower and laughing. It’s one of my first memories. I must have been 18 months old because we moved from that house before I was two. I could swear it was real.

Years ago, when I shared this memory with my mum, she shook her head and produced a photo. It showed her in a garden, laughing and holding a flower. But it was taken three years before I was born. That beautiful memory is a work of fiction (虚构): an old photo that used to hang on the wall.

I’ll admit to feeling shocked and robbed when I realized this memory was entirely false. It made me question other things I remember as a child, too. A study into this event published a few years ago found that around 40 per cent of us say that we have memories from before the age of two. But it’s the mind playing tricks on us taking old stories or photos and turning them into a memory.

While it can be disappointing to realize that a recollection you hold so dear might not be true, it does provide a good lesson in how changeable memory can be.

1. When is a child’s lasting memory formed?

A．When he is 18 months old.	B．When he is two years old.
C．When he is three years old.	D．When he is 30 months old.

2. What does the underlined word “fabricate” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Sign up.	B．Make up.
C．Concentrate on.	D．Bring back.

3. Why does the author mention his own experience?

A．To prove his argument.	B．To attract readers’ attention.
C．To show off his good memory.	D．To explain how memories form.

4. What can we infer from paragraph 6?

A．A study published a few years ago proved false.

B．Our mind is always fond of playing tricks on us.

C．The author is curious about everything during his childhood.

D．The author felt surprised realizing his childhood memory was false.

10 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Zhang Guimei, devoted to education in China’s southwestern borders for 40 years, is     1       “mother” for more than 170 children, motivating young girls from poor families in mountainous areas. She has lit up hopes of many for education.

Zhang was born in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 1957. She came to Yunnan province at 17,     2     (respond) to the call of the country to support the development of border areas. Teaching at a middle school there, she saw the low     3     (admit) of girls to high school. It saddened her so much to find out that these girls     4     (abandon) their school work long before due to poverty.     5     , Zhang decided to build a free all-girl high school in 2002, in hope of changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain.

In 2007, Zhang went to Beijing as a deputy for the 17th CPC National Congress. Her speech “I Have a Dream”     6     (address) at the meeting made her dream of building a free all-girl high school known     7     all. A year later, the school was completed as the first free all-girl high school in China.

On June 29, Zhang     8     (award) July 1st Medal at a ceremony in Beijing,     9     she said she did this out of her gratitude and love for the country, as well as her identity     10     (origin) as a CPC member. As long as she was still capable, she would stand in the classroom to give her all without regret.