1 . WHAT ARE RIP CURRENTS?
Rip currents are like the rivers of the sea, transporting water near the shore back out into the ocean depths. The presence of these currents can be hidden by the wild movements of the surrounding waves. This means that as well as carrying seaweed and pieces of materials quickly out to sea, they can rapidly sweep away even the strongest swimmers. Around 80 percent of all lifeguard rescues are caused by powerful rip currents pulling a swimmer into danger.
If you find yourself being pulled out to sea by an unsuspected rip current, you should remain calm, focus on staying afloat and, if you can, swim parallel to the shore. Your instincts might tell you to swim towards land, as this is where you’re aiming to get to, but the current will be too strong to swim against. Instead, aim to move across the current and into slower flowing water next to it. A rip current may only pull you just past the breaking waves, but in some cases they can take you hundreds of metres offshore. The strength of currents can be hard to predict, so it’s safest to stay on lifeguarded beaches and not to swim if you see any indication of a rip current.
1. Understanding rip currents can help ______.A.prevent you from swimming into danger | B.transport water out into the ocean depths |
C.clear away seaweed and pieces of materials | D.warn lifeguards against rescue in rip currents |
A.difference between various currents | B.two types of zones off shore |
C.an ideal route to surf in safety | D.how rip currents form |
A.1000 metres off the shore beyond “HEAD”. | B.The channel through the gap in a sandbar. |
C.The location where a red flag is erected. | D.Over the narrow stretch of a sandbar. |
The benefits of a degree are not obvious to people who live on this remote island. Families have a
Today two villages remain with a population of just 1,400. People there are used to the
A. hike B. requires C. hosts D. man-made E. attraction F. Belonging G. peak H. introduce I. romantic J. fascinating K. sun-bathe |
Touring “Treasure Island”
Chinese mainland tourists will be able to visit Taiwan via charted flights in July according to two landmark agreements signed on June 13. So, 21st Century invited two young Taiwanese to
Yangming Mountain, north of Taipei
Young couples can definitely enjoy a
Ali Mountain, Jiayi County
Ali Mountain is the general name for 18 hills. The highest
Taipei 101 tower, Taipei
The 101-floor landmark is one of the world’s tallest completed skyscrapers. Besides the shops inside and outside the tower, Taipei 101
Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Memorial Hall and Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei
The squares in front of these halls are open all day to the public. They have become a paradise to colleges students, who often meet there for an activity that
4 . The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to
Rainforests have
The scale of human
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in
Massive
A.maintain | B.capture | C.claim | D.prove |
A.changed | B.evolved | C.expanded | D.existed |
A.energizing | B.healing | C.isolating | D.breathing |
A.contributed | B.stored | C.reduced | D.affected |
A.However | B.Furthermore | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.active | B.sensitive | C.interdependent | D.delicate |
A.restore | B.support | C.revive | D.last |
A.pressure | B.power | C.concern | D.strength |
A.existence | B.ecosystem | C.planet | D.survival |
A.unfortunately | B.consequently | C.naturally | D.similarly |
A.store | B.food | C.smoke | D.wealth |
A.subject | B.down | C.apart | D.victim |
A.trend | B.practice | C.increase | D.attitude |
A.protection | B.industrialization | C.modernization | D.deforestation |
A.appearance | B.explosion | C.loss | D.increase |
Tall, young and active
November 14, 1963 was a cold morning. This was nothing out of the ordinary for the fisherman. They were used to the winter weather around Iceland. Suddenly, however, they saw something unusual. Thick, black smoke was pouring out of the sea.
The island of Hawaii is one of the most well-known volcanic islands. Lava (熔岩) from multiple volcanoes built this island. One of these volcanoes is Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea began under the ocean over 1 million years ago. Magma broke through the Earth’s crust- that is, the outer layer of the earth.
Fortunately for Hawaiians, Mauna Kea volcano is quiet - for the time being.
The ancient Chinese were stonewall masters. China
Currently, visitors can access only about three kilometers of the wall, but about 22 of the
It once served as the southern gate of ancient Nanjing, a 15,168-square-meter fortification that contained four layers of defenses, as well as three grand castles,
New York—the Statue of Liberty(自由女神像),the skyscrapers(摩天大楼),the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue and the many theaters on Broadway. This is America’s cultural(文化的)capital. It is also her biggest city, with a population of nearly 8 million. In the summer it is hot, hot, hot and in the winter it can be very cold. Still there are hundreds of things to do and see all the year round.
Manhattan is the real center of the city. When people say“New York City,”they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New York’s busy night life. In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $26 today.
Wall street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA. It is also the most important banking center in the world. It is a street of“skyscrapers.”These are high buildings, which Americans invented, and built faster and higher than anyone else.
Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible. It’s usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every corner of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late at night because in some places you could get robbed. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30,000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see, because they are bright yellow and carry large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However, they will go to the airports. In addition to the taxi fare, people give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fare’s value.
Central Park is a beautiful green oasis(绿洲)in the middle of New York’s concrete(混凝土)desert. It is surprisingly big, with lakes and woods, as well as organized recreation areas. New Yorkers love Central Park, and they use it all the time. In the winter, they go ice-skating, and in the summer roller-skating. They play ball, ride horses and have picnics. They go bicycling and boating. There is even a children’s zoo, with wild birds and animals.
A. The Financial Center of USA
B. American biggest cities and culture center
C. The Traffic Facilities of New York
D. Manhattan, real center of New York City
E. New York—An International City
F. Central Park—A Place of Recreation for the New Yorkers
8 . One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?
Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. With evaporation its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.
Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug? I wondered. Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem: “The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface drops about one meter, and as the water level falls, shadow areas are left high and dry.”
Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result: the Dead Sea is being emptied.
With population in the region set to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.
Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The “Red-Dead” is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.
Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.
1. What’s the passage mainly about?A.Dead Sea – miracle of the world. |
B.Save the environment of the Dead Sea. |
C.Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea. |
D.Why is the Dead Sea so salty. |
A.a severe reduction of the water flowing into the sea |
B.rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea area |
C.the increasing quantity of water drawn from the sea |
D.very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area |
A.With no outlet to any ocean, the Dead Sea has become by evaporation most dense waters on earth. |
B.Though burdened with the growing population, the neighboring countries haven’t cut off the sources of the Dead Sea. |
C.All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River. |
D.The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea, but peace to the area as well. |
A.If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region. |
B.The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it. |
C.The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River. |
D.Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually, it will not die. |
9 . Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the truth is, once you're off the
When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year
Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions— the remote and sparsely populated east— where the way of life had steadily
The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign
A.beaten | B.explored | C.expired | D.centered |
A.so | B.when | C.if | D.as |
A.government | B.inhabitants | C.countryside | D.scale |
A.designed | B.retained | C.exploited | D.preserved |
A.stage | B.contract | C.transition | D.prosperity |
A.gave up | B.jumped at | C.rushed to | D.made up |
A.revolving | B.developing | C.Stirring | D.Initiating |
A.transferred | B.declined | C.grew | D.reformed |
A.preferred | B.presented | C.resisted | D.imposed |
A.wiped out | B.held up | C.kept down | D.put aside |
A.priceless | B.superficial | C.worthless | D.negative |
A.investment | B.Exclusion | C.invasion | D.landscape |
A.socially | B.immediately | C.accidentally | D.potentially |
A.stabilize | B.wreck | C.diversify | D.consolidate |
A.force | B.wheel | C.instructor | D.signal |
10 . By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The various patterns at the ocean surface. |
B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour. |
C.The way light reflects off marine organisms. |
D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. |
A.Sensitive. | B.Beneficial. | C.Significant. | D.Unnoticeable. |
A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. |
B.Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes. |
C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate. |
D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. |
A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes. |
B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. |
C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans. |
D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton. |