1 . The term ScotchIrish is an American term used to describe those ScotsIrish who live in America.In Britain the term ScotsIrish used for these people is UlsterScots. Then, where did the ScotsIrish come from on earth? To find the answer, you should get to know a little bit about the history of Scotland.
After the Celtic invasion (入侵) of Britain about 500 BC, what is now Scotland was controlled by the Celtic people known as the Picts. This name came from the Latin word pictus meaning “painted”. They painted their bodies with dyes (染料).
In the fifth century, the Scots from northern Ireland invaded what is now western Scotland and established a kingdom in the highlands. They spoke Gaelic, a Celtic language. At this same time the AngloSaxon invasion of Britain was taking place. Scotland is made up of the highlands and the lowlands, and the Gaelic name for the lowlands is a’Ghalldachd, meaning “the place of the foreigners”．And whom might those foreigners be? The AngloSaxon invasion of Britain included the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes. The Jutes came from what is now northwestern Denmark.They settled (定居) in the southernmost part of Britain. The Saxons came from the northwest coast of Germany and they settled in the southern third of Britain. The Angles came from southwestern Denmark and they conquered what is now northern England and the lowlands of Scotland. They were the foreigners referred to in the Gaelic name for the lowlands.
In the 17th century, the British leaders decided to settle some of its people in the Northern Ireland province of Ulster. They chose the people from Lowland Scotland. This migration (移民) started about 1605.
When the British colonization (殖民) of North America began many of them chose to join this migration. By the time of the American Revolution it was said that onesixth of the population was the ScotsIrish.
1. Which of the following had the custom of body painting?| A．The Scots. | B．The Picts. |
| C．The ScotsIrish. | D．The AngloSaxons. |
| A．A kingdom was set up by the Scots fell. |
| B．The Scots lost the lowlands in a war. |
| C．Gaelic was widely spoken in the highlands. |
| D．The highlands were controlled by the Jutes. |
| A．northern England |
| B．western Scotland |
| C．Ulster of Northern Ireland |
| D．southernmost part of Britain |
| A．Why the ScotsIrish chose America to settle. |
| B．The AngloSaxon invasion of Britain. |
| C．The history of the country Scotland. |
| D．Who the ScotsIrish were exactly. |
2 . The Sister Rice Festival is held every year in Guizhou’s Taijiang County, where 97 percent of the 168,000 people are from the Miao ethnic (民族的) group. It is an ancient tradition, which brings men and women together through food, gifts and music.
In the days before the festival, young women gather leaves and wild flowers, which they use to dye (给……染色) sticky rice with bright colors. This brightly colored rice, known as Sister Rice, gives the festival its name. During the festival, the young women dress in beautiful traditional clothes with large amounts of silver jewelry (首饰).
The festival includes parades, horse races and musical performances. But the real focus is the interaction between the young women and the young men who visit from surrounding villages and sing songs. In one traditional type of song, a man and a woman take turns to sing to each other, and the first one to make a mistake loses the game. The loser must give the winner a gift, but the winner is expected to give a gift in return, too.
After meeting the men, the women send them home with a bamboo basket containing dyed rice and hidden objects with special meanings. For example, a pair of chopsticks indicates that she wants to marry the man, while garlic shows that she is not interested.
One of several stories about the festival’s origin is about a girl and a boy who fell in love. The girl’s parents wanted her to marry her uncle’s son. She refused, and the boy likewise refused to marry anyone else. For a time, they could only meet in a field and pass hidden messages to each other through rice in a bamboo basket. Finally, the pair overcame their parents’ opposition and were allowed to marry.
The Sister Rice Festival is perhaps the oldest festival in Asia that encourages love.
1. What is the purpose of young women collecting leaves and wild flowers?| A．To decorate their rooms. |
| B．To sell them and make money. |
| C．To give sticky rice different colors. |
| D．To cover some objects in a basket. |
| A．Water skiing. |
| B．Kicking balls. |
| C．Making food. |
| D．Singing songs. |
| A．A woman often loses the game. |
| B．A hidden pair of chopsticks suggests good things. |
| C．The winner need not send a gift. |
| D．Often a man needs to sing songs to a young woman. |
| A．The boy’s parents didn’t like the girl. |
| B．They were not married in the end. |
| C．The boy refused to marry the girl at first. |
| D．The rice in the bamboo basket carried their love. |
The second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. Originally
Stephanie: I think maybe it is those retail(零售) businessmen
Francisco: As a child, I just took my mother’s love
When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it’s my memory of Granny as well as gifts and Father Christmas
I can well remember the last Christmas Granny
In December, we made sugar biscuits, stuffed the turkey and sang Christmas songs. Granny had the patience
On Christmas morning, I was on my best
A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed away. I think of her often. Each Christmas, I make a G-shape sugar biscuit and take out the music box,
1. What does the speaker think of the weather in London?
| A．Changeable. | B．Great. | C．Uncomfortable. |
| A．8. | B．11. | C．14. |
| A．Underground. | B．Subway. | C．Fall. |
| A．Sports. | B．Traffic rules. | C．Some expressions. |
At the foot of the Tianshan Mountain sit two ancient fortress (要塞) towns, showing the power of the Qing Dynasty hundreds of years ago. The fortress towns are located in Barkol Kazak Autonomous County, which
Early in the 1990s, Barkol established a cultural heritage protection institution (机构) and the repair to
The Qing emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong underwent a long battle
Over the past years, the local cultural heritage authorities have been repairing the
Nowadays, the fortress towns have become a landmark for local cultural tourism. In October 2019, they
FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960.
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project.
When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
1. Match the main idea of each paragraph.| A. People can learn a lot from Aswan Dam project. B. The project was successful. C. The Egyptian government met a problem. D. Keeping a balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites is a challenge. E. The project united the global community. F. A committee was established to solve the problem. |
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
2. What’s the challenge we are facing now?
| A．How to improve society rapidly. |
| B．How to preserve everything from the past. |
| C．How to keep balance between the past and the progress. |
| D．How to find great solutions to the progress of society. |
| A．Because the Egyptian government wanted to control floods. |
| B．Because it would probably destroy cultural relics. |
| C．Because it would do great damage to the Nile. |
| D．Because it would affect citizens near the dam greatly. |
| A．By moving them to safety. |
| B．By taking them down. |
| C．By asking for contributions. |
| D．By investigating the issue. |
| A．Over 20 years. | B．More than 30 years. |
| C．Less than 20 years. | D．Exactly 20 years. |
| A．In a guidebook. | B．In an encyclopedia. |
| C．In a history novel. | D．In a theme park advertisement. |
| FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS | a big | the new→economic | |
| the old→everything from the past→protection | |||
| the key→how to keep the right balance | |||
| challenges lead to | a challenge: building a new dam | ||
| likely damage temples and destroy cultural relics | |||
| preparation | turn to the UN | ||
| establish a | |||
| ask for contributions | |||
| sign a document | |||
| procedure | take down piece by piece | ||
| move and put back together | |||
| solution | find a path a combine progress and | ||
| work together to build a better tomorrow | |||
| the | preventing world cultural heritage sites from | ||
| the global community | |||
9. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. (标出句中含有人物的行为动作的词汇)
10. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. (标出句中含有人物的行为动作的词汇)
11. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. (标出句中含有人物的行为动作的词汇)
12. 在课文中找出表示人物的行为动作的句子。
PROMOTING CULTURE THROUGH DIGITAL IMAGES
Lanzhou, 9 August 2017. A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 highquality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.
The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people to admire in America.
By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.”
1. What are the researchers and scientists trying to do?| A．To help people understand and appreciate China’s Mogao Caves. |
| B．To work together to find more information about the Silk Road. |
| C．To raise money to rebuild the Mogao Caves of China. |
| D．To start an international project to protect the Mogao Caves. |
| A．The computer. |
| B．The Internet. |
| C．A copy of caves. |
| D．Highquality digital images. |
| A．Because it can be appreciated in America. |
| B．Because its caves are as international as before. |
| C．Because they want to travel the Silk Road. |
| D．Because they want to admire its paintings. |
| A．It’s right. | B．It’s wrong. |
| C．It’s puzzling. | D．It’s foolish. |
| A．Chinese researchers’ contributions. |
| B．The Mogao Caves of China. |
| C．High-quality digital photos. |
| D．International communication. |
9 . The Yamuna River flows around the Taj Mahal, and the river is heavily polluted. Large numbers of insects are breeding (繁殖) in the polluted waterway. During the evening time, the insects get attracted to stone walls and during the night they stay over there. The insects’ droppings are beginning to turn the walls green.
Workers first discovered the problem last year. But they have found out the cause of the problem only recently. A fly known as the genus Geoldichironomus is responsible for all the waste. Those insects survive best in the hot weather. Workers try to remove the insects’ waste. But experts fear cleaning could damage the artwork of the Taj Mahal.
Environmentalist D. K. Joshi says, “The way to stop this new threat is to save the dying river. There are many coalbased power stations along the river. The Taj Mahal’s white stone has turned yellow because of air pollution. Besides, waste from industries is polluting the river. Millions of dollars from the government has been spent on the river, but nothing has happened.”
Experts say ashes (骨灰) from burnt human dead bodies are part of the problem. For 200 years, people have set fire to dead bodies near the Taj Mahal. Smoke from the fires was greatly influencing the color of the white stone. So city officials should force people to try more environmentally friendly customs.
D. K. Joshi believes cleaning the Yamuna River is possible with a shortterm program. The insects have got the attention of city officials. But he is also concerned about the pressure that tourism puts on the Taj Mahal. About six million people visit the Taj Mahal every year and they like to touch the white stone.
1. What’s the new threat to the Taj Mahal?| A．Water around it is dirty. |
| B．Some stone walls get broken. |
| C．Many insects live in the Taj Mahal. |
| D．Insects leave waste on stone walls. |
| A．Useless. | B．Creative. | C．Challenging. | D．Interesting. |
| A．It’s necessary to deal with polluters. |
| B．All the power stations should be closed. |
| C．It’s a waste of money to clean the Yamuna River. |
| D．The government pays no attention to the Yamuna River. |
| A．City officials should ignore the insects. |
| B．Tourists should help clean the Taj Mahal. |
| C．Fires should be used to kill some insects. |
| D．People should give up the tradition of burning the dead near the Taj Mahal. |
In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted
A committee
Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and
