Northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has adopted digital technology    1    (preserve)ancient cliff(悬崖)carvings and paintings before their disappearance.

Workers have copied more than 2,000 immovable rock carvings and paintings at Helan Mountain to digitalize the overall views as well as    2    (they)accurate locations. The digital information will    3    sorted and workers will conduct a disease analysis.

Rock carvings had appeared before writing systems were invented. Now, more than 20,000 cliff paintings and carvings    4    were created by the ancestors have been discovered at Helan Mountain. The works record the lives of the people who lived 3,000 to 10,000 years ago. In general,    5    (image)of animals dominate, followed    6    humans, vehicles, plants, planets, fingerprints and abstract signs…The surfaces were    7    (main)carved with stone or metal in the open air,    8    (expose)to weather beaten.

The protection of rock paintings and carvings is a worldwide issue. At present, there is no    9    (effect), naturally scientific and technological means to prevent their disappearance. Some experts have predicted that by the end of this century,     10    quarter of the world's rock paintings will disappear completely.

The Lantern Festival or Yuan Xiao Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the first month (Yuan) of the lunar calendar, marks the first full moon of the new lunar year. During the festival, houses are decorated with colourful lanterns, often with riddles     1     ( write) on them. Festival celebrations also include lion and dragon dances, parades, and fireworks. Small glutinous rice balls filled with fruits and nuts, called yuanxiao or tangyuan,     2    ( eat) during the festival. The round shape of the balls symbolizes    3    (whole) and unity within the family.

The Lantern Festival may originate as far back as the Han dynasty,     4    Buddhist monks would light lanterns on the 15th day of the lunar year in honour of the Buddha. The ceremony was    5    (late) adopted by the general population and spread throughout the country and other parts of Asia. A legend     6     ( concern) the festival's origin tells the tale of the Jade Emperor (Yu Di) , who became angered at a town     7     killing his goose. He planned to destroy the town with fire,     8     that was prevented by a fairy who advised the people to light lanterns across the town on     9     appointed day of destruction. The emperor, fooled by all the light, assumed the town was already in flames. The town was spared, and the thankful people continued to celebrate the event     10    (annual) by carrying colourful lanterns throughout the town.

The ox has a significant place in Chinese culture. Centuries ago, most people earned their living through farming and the ox was used     1    (help) farm and carry heavy goods. Ancient Chinese poets and writers     2    (frequent) described the ox in literature. In the Classic of Poetry, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, the animal     3    (mention) several times.

The ox is considered a symbol of diligence and     4     (sincere). To this day, the phrase “the spirit of ox” still refers    5     conquering anything that may present itself as an obstacle. The spirit is highly praised and many people follow it as their work ethic(准则). When     6     comes to someone who gains a great achievement through hard work, people often use “niu”,     7    (mean) “awesome”, to describe him or her.

Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear     8     strong. They work hard and make sacrifices. This is reflected in a poem by Lu Xun: “Headbowed, like a willing ox, I serve the children.” The poem     9     (imply) that Lu Xun would serve the people heart and soul and would never give in to enemies,     10     fully expresses the poet’s loyalty to the people.

In many Asian, African and Latin American cultures,     1     (extend) eye contact is impolite and it is thought of     2     an offensive or a challenge of authority. It     3     (consider) politer to have brief eye contact, especially between people of different     4     (society) status (like a student and a teacher, or a child and his elder relatives). For example, if a Japanese woman avoids     5     (look) someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is she showing a lack of confidence. Instead, she is being polite, respectful and appropriate according to her culture. So in many of these cultures, you should take care of what kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your     6     (superior) or in authority over you, so that you are not thought to be disrespectful or rude. As you can see, it is vital for you     7     (know) what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture.

Before you travel, you can either look up relevant information in your local public library     8     check out a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit in a bookstore. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language     9     (flexible) so that you are perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people     10     are foreign to you!

The Qingming Festival is one of the 24    1    (tradition) Chinese solar terms, which falls on April 4^th or 5^th every year. As a culture, it is a time    2    Chinese people visit the graves of their ancestors,    3    (clean) the tombs and showing respect to the dead.

But this year, the day also included a national mourning, which offered people an opportunity     4    (remember) those who lot their lives the fight against the novel coronavirus. Starting at 10. m on April 4, Chinese people observed a three-minute silence to mourn the dead    5    all national flags lowered to half-mast ( 旗杆) and horns wailing. This is the first time that China    6    (hold) a national mourning due to a major public health emergency. China paused for three minutes，making the world see the unity and    7    ( strong) behind the 1. 4 billion Chinese people.

More than 3,300 lives were lost due to COVID-19 on the Chinese mainland. On April 3,14 people who died on    8    frontline of fighting the virus were identified a the first martyrs (烈士). The national mourning makes people    9    ( deep) realize that the god results of fighting against COVID-19 don't come easily. Everyone should treasure life , and understand the significance of those hard    10    ( struggle).

It's been said,“No farmers, no food.”China begins to set a new day to honor them-the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival,     1    falls on September 23rd this year. And it is the first national festival day to celebrate farmers and    2    hard work.

Farmers represent the majority of the Chinese population. As a solid bedrock for the nation, they have made    3    ( significance) contributions during China's revolution, development and reform.

Many    4    ( country ) hold agricultural festivals after they harvest products. And now，Chinese farmers will have a festival of their own. China has declared the annual lunar autumn harvest as the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival

As a way    5    (boot) farmers' pride and happiness, the festival is supposed to    6       (effective) wipe out poverty and build a well-of- society in all respects.

Experts say China's rich agricultural history has helped lay a solid foundation     7    the festival. In the last four decades of keeping farming records, grain production    8    (remain) one of China's top performers. The festival will reach beyond farms as well New types of family farms,and some leading companies will get recognition thanks to their agricultural contributions. Also, they     9     (encourage) to bring new information and management to the countryside, while    10     (bring) more agricultural products to cities.

Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal-length sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating. We Chinese eat    1    chopsticks. It is believed the first chopsticks    2    (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China. Excavated (出土) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC was the    3    (early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze. Chopsticks,    4    are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of    5    (material), including bamboo, wood, plastic, silver and gold.

Chopsticks play    6    important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long. They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because    7    (maintain) an enough food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.

There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part, of a girl's dowry (嫁妆) since the    8    (pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for “quick” and “son”.

Chopsticks are     9    (frequent) used in daily life. They have become more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette (礼仪) and customs of    10    (they) own.

The traditional Chinese name chop (名章) or seal has been used for thousands of years.     1     is quite likely that people began using name chops because Chinese characters are so complex and few people in ancient times    2    (be) able to read and write. In addition, chops date back to a time    3    there was no other form of    4    (identify) such as ID cards.

A chop also served as a valid signature. All official    5    (document) in China needed a chop to be valid. Today, most Chinese are educated, but the tradition    6    (keep) alive in China.

If you spend any length of time in China, you will almost     7    (certain) need to have a chop. If you’re staying a short time, a chop makes a(n)     8     (amaze) souvenir. A chop can be made quickly, but first you will need to have your name    9     (translate) into Chinese characters.

There are many different sizes and styles of chops. Inexpensive small chops can be carved     10    wood or plastic — upmarket chops are made from ivory, jade, marble or steel. Only a special type of slow-drying red ink is used for a name chop, so if you buy a chop in China, get an inkpad (印泥盒) too.

Numerous Chinese cultural and art treasures have been put on show in many parts of the world over the past years, showcasing the fantastic Chinese civilization on the global stage and     1     (promote) cultural exchanges.

In December, 2018. New Zealand's national museum started a four- month exhibition, where both terracotta warriors (兵马俑) and more than 160 ancient antique pieces    2    (make) of gold, jade and bronze were displayed. On the opening day, local citizens    3    (line) up to enjoy this "once in a lifetime" experience. The exhibition,    4    provided visitors with some knowledge of long standing Chinese civilization, was    5    (high) appreciated for the individuality of each terracotta warrior and the unbelievable creativity needed to build the army.

Treasures showing the lives of emperors and empresses from the Qing Dynasty also went on display in museums in Washington. D. C.and Moscow in 2019.     6    over 100 pieces put on show, including realistic    7    (painting), furnishings and jewelry from the Palace Museum in Beijing. The exhibition was also    8    huge success.

Chinese and foreign museums have been making exchanges to encourage dialogue between civilizations and foster people’ s    9    (understand) of and engagement with cultures that interest     10    (they). It is an important job for museums to bring the world closer.

The traditional Chinese Longtaitou Festival, also called Dragon Head Raising Festival,     1     (fall) on the second day of the second lunar month every year,       2     the rain-bringing Dragon King is said to awaken     3     his winter sleep. It's     4     (wide) believed that the second day of the second month on the Chinese lunar calendar means the start of spring and farming.

The festival is a     5     (reflect) of the ancient agrarian (耕作的)culture. Nowadays, although some of the old ways     6     (celebrate) the festival are no longer in practice, some still keep on. Most of them are still identical to those practised in the ancient times,     7     (include) eating Chinese pancakes and noodles. The most famous     8     (tradition) practice on this day is to have a haircut.Some people believe that going to the barber's on the second day of the second month will get rid of bad luck, while     9     believe it is bad luck to get hair cut during the first month of the lunar calendar. Folk     10     (activity)like dragon dance are also held during the Longtaitou Festival across China.