When Zhang Lingshan was a child, she would watch the Chinese period drama Palace on television, attracted by the characters’ ancient clothing. She didn’t know what these beautiful clothes     1     (call)—only that they were from some     2     (distance) past. “They looked fairy-like, dreamy,” she said. “I was     3     (complete) drawn by the beauty of these clothes, and then eventually came to understand the culture of Hanfu, and I liked it more and more.”

Now aged nineteen and     4     (live) in Beijing, Zhang is     5     member of China’s growing “hanfu movement”—a renaissance (复兴) of the ancient clothing traditionally worn by ethnic-majority Han Chinese before the Qing dynasty. Tight-knit Hanfu communities and university clubs often meet for themed activities. Zhang and her friends sometimes visit places with ancient architecture, like Beijing’s Forbidden City,     6     emperors once lived, to take     7    (photo) in costume and post them on social media. They have more than 20,000 fans who often ask them     8     more pictures.

Nowadays, Hanfu is seen as a way     9     (celebrate) Chinese culture and improve national self-esteem. In the past few years, Hanfu clubs and social media platforms     10     (help) to bring the Han clothing back under the spotlight. “It’s the confidence of the younger people, the confidence of the country,” said Christine Tsui, a fashion columnist and researcher in Shanghai.

New Year’s Eve is the last day of the year. It is always     1     exciting time because people look forward to     2     (welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye     3     the old year. New Year’s Eve is a     4     (nation) holiday for many people around the world. In lots of countries, people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so the roads, trains and buses     5     (pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year’s Eve party     6     usually takes place in someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbours. Everyone then waits until midnight     7     (hear) Big Ben chime(鸣响) twelve times.

I have lots of good     8     (memory) of New Year’s Eve. I once spent one freezing New Year’s Eve in Trafalgar Square in the centre of London. It snowed and was     9     (real) cold. I also spent many wonderful New Year’s Eves in Japan. There,     10     is traditional to visit a shrine(圣坛) and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year’s Eve is always fun.

On the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, a year is divided into 24 solar terms. The solar terms     1     (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production.

White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th solar term and indicates the real beginning of cool autumn. The temperature declines     2    (increasing) with the white dew on the grass and trees seen in the morning. In many places of China, the air is clear, with the sky in great     3    (high) and the clouds in peace. The gentle wind can often be felt blowing.

Back in the old days, gathering the white dew from plants was a Chinese tradition. Bencao Gangmu, a Chinese herbology document,     4    (write) by Li Shizhen over 400 years ago says the white dew can be used as tea which     5    (taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cooling effects on the body and keeps people healthy.

In Southern China, people tend     6    (eat) longans on the day. They believe the fruit can bring good luck, make people stay calm     7     cure some typical conditions.

Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,     8     was famous for controlling floods, his governance of the Xia Dynasty, and his moral character. When     9     comes to White Dew every year,     10    (fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces will hold a week-long ceremony to honor Yu the Great.

The kite is believed to have originated in China. Since its invention, there    1    （be）many adaptations to the kite by    2    （vary）cultures around the world. A Chinese kite in ancient times would have used simple materials such as wood and cloth. They were often made    3    （resemble）the shapes of birds. Today, beautiful and large designs can be seen flying above parks in China. They often resemble real animals and members of the Chinese Zodiac（生肖）. Some kites have LED lights    4    （attach）to allow for night flights and fun light shows.

Kites    5    （invent）in the early Warring States Period（475-221BC）by Mozi and Lu Ban, two philosophers     6     came after the teachings of Confucius. The kites were specific to China for many years before the knowledge of    7    to make and use them gradually advanced. The period saw many attacks from foreign    8    （power）, as well as civil unrest. Kites played a role    9    providing military intelligence for the Chinese forces. The first Chinese kites were used for measuring distances, which was useful information for moving large armies. They were also used to calculate and record wind readings and provided    10    unique form of communication similar to ship flags at sea.

In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo dates back to as far as 7, 000 years ago. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was used for food, clothing, housing, transportation, musical instruments and even weapons. Since then it     1     (use) in many aspects of people’s daily lives.

The     2     (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 51 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan,     3     (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation (灌溉) network in the world, in     4     bamboo played an important role. The world’s oldest water pipe was also made of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan     5     (success) sank a 1600-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe     6     the 19th century, and it was by using the technology     7     the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known as     8     of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty. It is always closely     9     (connect) with people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture always plays a positive role in encouraging people to hold on when     10     (face) tough situations.

Thursdays in Iceland were traditionally a day to connect     1    family and friends. This may sound strange,     2    until 1987, there was no TV broadcast in Iceland on a Thursday. It’s believed that this came from a desire not to have a nation     3     (fill) with TVaddicts.

If you were to visit Iceland in 1966, you would have noticed that nothing    4    (show) on the country’s only state-run television station on Thursdays. The idea behind the     5    (decide) was to reserve Thursdays as a day for socializing.The ban expanded to the month of July     6     it was decided that there would be nothing on television during the whole month.

As July was considered a vacation month, it was also expected for locals to spend their days outdoors.     7     (luck), the Thursday ban ended in 1983 while the July ban lasted until 1987.Finns respect the personal space of each other a lot. You might have seen this funny picture already about Finns     8    (wait) at the bus stop. If you are standing too close to someone while talking you will notice that the other person is trying to get a bit     9    (far) from you. You should notice and respect it and leave as much personal space for the other person so that he or she can feel     10    (comfort).

Chinese everywhere know of the goddess Mazu. Temples     1    ( construct) in honor of her for centuries, and her story is legendary. Mazu is the goddess of the sea and she protects fishermen and communities near the ocean. The legend of Mazu     2    (date) back to over 1,000 years ago in the Xianliang Port of Meizhou Bay in Putian, Fujian Province. Lin Moniang, Mazu's real name, was an attractive young girl and was respected and well-liked by everyone in her village. Lin Moniang was also revered for her ability to forecast     3    weather. This gift was     4    (especial) advantageous to the fishermen     5     fished the seas in the area. The young girl was capable of     6     (warn) them of the coming weather conditions and telling them if it was safe to go out to sea or if it would be best     7    (stay) in port.

The legend of Mazu proclaims that     8     her death she went up to heaven and became an immortal. From heaven she watches over the seas and the people who travel on and across     9    (it) . Because of this, over 100 million people worship her. In fact, there are more than 1,500 temples dedicated to her the world over. About 900 of them are located in Taiwan.     10     there is a Chinese community, there is a temple dedicated to Mazu.

The fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral de Paris has raised questions about the condition of thousands of other cathedrals and historic     1     (structure) across Europe. It also raises questions about whether European government are doing enough     2     (keep) up and care for such buildings.

Tibor Navracsics, the European Union’s top cultural official, told The Associated Press that “we are so used to our outstanding cultural heritage in Europe that we tend to forget that it     3     (need) constant care and attention.” Some people say the fire was a wake-up call, not just for Europe,    4     for the whole world.

Large fires have long robbed humanity     5     knowledge, art and treasures. In 2015, the German engineering company Siemens     6     (find) that Scotland had about ten damaging fires a year, while England lost at least a dozen listed buildings a year. In Germany, seventy historic buildings have been     7     (heavy) damaged since 2000.

Experts say that     8     is needed is continuous attention and maintenance. Some say world-famous monuments like Notre-Dame are the     9     (drive) force behind tourism and should get more respect. Sneska Quaedvlieg-Mihailovic, who heads the heritage group Europa Nostra, noted the     10     (important) of such respect. “Cultural heritage is a gold mine. You cannot exploit it and then just leave the mine and go to another one.” She said.

Tea culture is defined (定义) by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact (互动) with tea,     1     by the aesthetics (美学) of tea drinking. It includes tea production, tea brewing (冲, 沏), tea arts and ceremony, society, history, etc.

Tea ceremony, with     2     (it) roots in the Chinese tea culture, differs among eastern countries, However, it may also differ in preparation, such as in Tibet,     3     tea is commonly brewed with salt and butter.

Different regions also like different     4     (variety) of tea — black, or oolong, and use different flavourings (调味品) such as milk, sugar or herbs,     5     (satisfy) people’s tastes. The temperature and strength of the tea likewise vary     6     (wide).

Due to the importance of tea in Chinese society and culture, tea houses     7     (find) in most Chinese neighbourhoods and business districts nowadays.

Tea culture in China is different     8     that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed. Even now, on both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to     9     (be) a drink, Chinese tea is used in     10     (tradition) Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.